4,493 research outputs found

    Common biological phenotypes characterize the acquisition of platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells

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    Standard of care for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients relies on platinum-based therapy. However, acquired resistance to platinum occurs frequently and predicts poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms underlying acquired platinum-resistance, we have generated and characterized three platinum-resistant isogenic EOC cell lines. Resistant cells showed 3-to 5- folds increase in platinum IC50. Cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of EOC patients was variable and dependent on the cell line utilized. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of coding and non-coding RNAs failed to identify a common signature that could collectively explain the mechanism of resistance. However, we observed that all resistant cell lines displayed a decreased level of DNA platination and a faster repair of damaged DNA. Furthermore, all platinum resistant cell lines displayed a change in their morphology and a higher ability to grown on mesothelium. Overall, we have established and characterized three new models of platinum-resistant EOC cell lines that could be exploited to further dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to platinum. Our work also suggests that GEP studies alone, at least when performed under basal culture condition, do not represent the optimal way to identify molecular alterations linked to DNA repair pathway defects

    Models of organometallic complexes for optoelectronic applications

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    Organometallic complexes have potential applications as the optically active components of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). Development of more effective complexes may be aided by understanding their excited state properties. Here we discuss two key theoretical approaches to investigate these complexes: first principles atomistic models and effective Hamiltonian models. We review applications of these methods, such as, determining the nature of the emitting state, predicting the fraction of injected charges that form triplet excitations, and explaining the sensitivity of device performance to small changes in the molecular structure of the organometallic complexes.Comment: To appear in themed issue of J. Mat. Chem. on the modelling of material

    Measurement of ISR-FSR interference in the processes e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma and e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma

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    Charge asymmetry in processes e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma and e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma is measured using 232 fb-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies near 10.58 GeV. An observable is introduced and shown to be very robust against detector asymmetries while keeping a large sensitivity to the physical charge asymmetry that results from the interference between initial and final state radiation. The asymmetry is determined as afunction of the invariant mass of the final-state tracks from production threshold to a few GeV/c2. It is compared to the expectation from QED for e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma and from theoretical models for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma. A clear interference pattern is observed in e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma, particularly in the vicinity of the f_2(1270) resonance. The inferred rate of lowest order FSR production is consistent with the QED expectation for e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma, and is negligibly small for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma.Comment: 32 pages,29 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Measurement of CP Asymmetries and Branching Fractions in Charmless Two-Body B-Meson Decays to Pions and Kaons

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    We present improved measurements of CP-violation parameters in the decays B0→π+π−B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^-, B0→K+π−B^0 \to K^+ \pi^-, and B0→π0π0B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0, and of the branching fractions for B0→π0π0B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0 and B0→K0π0B^0 \to K^0 \pi^0. The results are obtained with the full data set collected at the ΄(4S)\Upsilon(4S) resonance by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy BB factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, corresponding to 467±5467 \pm 5 million BBˉB\bar B pairs. We find the CP-violation parameter values and branching fractions Sπ+π−=−0.68±0.10±0.03,Cπ+π−=−0.25±0.08±0.02,AK−π+=−0.107±0.016−0.004+0.006,Cπ0π0=−0.43±0.26±0.05,Br(B0→π0π0)=(1.83±0.21±0.13)×10−6,Br(B0→K0π0)=(10.1±0.6±0.4)×10−6, S_{\pi^+\pi^-} = -0.68 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.03, C_{\pi^+\pi^-} = -0.25 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.02, A_{K^-\pi^+} = -0.107 \pm 0.016 ^{+0.006}_{-0.004}, C_{\pi^0\pi^0} = -0.43 \pm 0.26 \pm 0.05, Br(B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0) = (1.83 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-6}, Br(B^0 \to K^0 \pi^0) = (10.1 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-6}, where in each case, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We observe CP violation with a significance of 6.7 standard deviations for B0→π+π−B^0 \to\pi^+\pi^- and 6.1 standard deviations for B0→K+π−B^0 \to K^+ \pi^-, including systematic uncertainties. Constraints on the Unitarity Triangle angle α\alpha are determined from the isospin relations among the B→ππB \to \pi\pi rates and asymmetries. Considering only the solution preferred by the Standard Model, we find α\alpha to be in the range [71∘,109∘][71^\circ,109^\circ] at the 68% confidence level.Comment: 18 pages, 11 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Observation of time-reversal violation in the B0 meson system

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    The individually named authors work collectively as The BABAR Collaboration. Copyright @ 2012 American Physical Society.Although CP violation in the B meson system has been well established by the B factories, there has been no direct observation of time-reversal violation. The decays of entangled neutral B mesons into definite flavor states (B0 or BÂŻÂŻÂŻ0), and J/ψK0L or ccÂŻK0S final states (referred to as B+ or B−), allow comparisons between the probabilities of four pairs of T-conjugated transitions, for example, BÂŻÂŻÂŻ0→B− and B−→BÂŻÂŻÂŻ0, as a function of the time difference between the two B decays. Using 468×106 BBÂŻÂŻÂŻ pairs produced in ΄(4S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC, we measure T-violating parameters in the time evolution of neutral B mesons, yielding ΔS+T=−1.37±0.14(stat)±0.06(syst) and ΔS−T=1.17±0.18(stat)±0.11(syst). These nonzero results represent the first direct observation of T violation through the exchange of initial and final states in transitions that can only be connected by a T-symmetry transformation.DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC (Canada), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF and DFG(Germany), INFN (Italy), FOM (The Netherlands), NFR (Norway), MES (Russia), MINECO (Spain), STFC (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie Curie EIF (European Union), the A. P. Sloan Foundation (USA) and the Binational Science Foundation (USA-Israel)

    Measurement of Branching Fractions and Rate Asymmetries in the Rare Decays B -> K(*) l+ l-

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    In a sample of 471 million BB events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider we study the rare decays B -> K(*) l+ l-, where l+ l- is either e+e- or mu+mu-. We report results on partial branching fractions and isospin asymmetries in seven bins of di-lepton mass-squared. We further present CP and lepton-flavor asymmetries for di-lepton masses below and above the J/psi resonance. We find no evidence for CP or lepton-flavor violation. The partial branching fractions and isospin asymmetries are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and with results from other experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.

    Branching fraction and form-factor shape measurements of exclusive charmless semileptonic B decays, and determination of |V_{ub}|

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    We report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decays, B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu, B^+ --> pi^0 l^+ nu, B^+ --> omega l^+ nu, B^+ --> eta l^+ nu and B^+ --> eta^' l^+ nu, (l = e or mu) undertaken with approximately 462x10^6 B\bar{B} pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions in several bins of q^2, the square of the momentum transferred to the lepton-neutrino pair, for B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu, B^+ --> pi^0 l^+ nu, B^+ --> omega l^+ nu and B^+ --> eta l^+ nu. From these distributions, we extract the form-factor shapes f_+(q^2) and the total branching fractions BF(B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu) = (1.45 +/- 0.04_{stat} +/- 0.06_{syst})x10^-4 (combined pi^- and pi^0 decay channels assuming isospin symmetry), BF(B^+ --> omega l^+ nu) = (1.19 +/- 0.16_{stat} +/- 0.09_{syst})x10^-4 and BF(B^+ --> eta l^+ nu) = (0.38 +/- 0.05_{stat} +/- 0.05_{syst})x10^-4. We also measure BF(B^+ --> eta^' l^+ nu) = (0.24 +/- 0.08_{stat} +/- 0.03_{syst})x10^-4. We obtain values for the magnitude of the CKM matrix element V_{ub} by direct comparison with three different QCD calculations in restricted q^2 ranges of B --> pi l^+ nu decays. From a simultaneous fit to the experimental data over the full q^2 range and the FNAL/MILC lattice QCD predictions, we obtain |V_{ub}| = (3.25 +/- 0.31)x10^-3, where the error is the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainty.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figures, submitted to PR
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