Psychological determinants of whole-body endurance performance

Background: No literature reviews have systematically identified and evaluated research on the psychological determinants of endurance performance, and sport psychology performance-enhancement guidelines for endurance sports are not founded on a systematic appraisal of endurance-specific research. Objective: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify practical psychological interventions that improve endurance performance and to identify additional psychological factors that affect endurance performance. Additional objectives were to evaluate the research practices of included studies, to suggest theoretical and applied implications, and to guide future research. Methods: Electronic databases, forward-citation searches, and manual searches of reference lists were used to locate relevant studies. Peer-reviewed studies were included when they chose an experimental or quasi-experimental research design, a psychological manipulation, endurance performance as the dependent variable, and athletes or physically-active, healthy adults as participants. Results: Consistent support was found for using imagery, self-talk, and goal setting to improve endurance performance, but it is unclear whether learning multiple psychological skills is more beneficial than learning one psychological skill. The results also demonstrated that mental fatigue undermines endurance performance, and verbal encouragement and head-to-head competition can have a beneficial effect. Interventions that influenced perception of effort consistently affected endurance performance. Conclusions: Psychological skills training could benefit an endurance athlete. Researchers are encouraged to compare different practical psychological interventions, to examine the effects of these interventions for athletes in competition, and to include a placebo control condition or an alternative control treatment. Researchers are also encouraged to explore additional psychological factors that could have a negative effect on endurance performance. Future research should include psychological mediating variables and moderating variables. Implications for theoretical explanations of endurance performance and evidence-based practice are described

Valoración de la conducta alimentaria y de control del peso en practicantes de aerobic

Este trabajo presenta una descripción de las conductas alimentarias y de pérdida de peso de las participantes en la actividad física de aeróbic y su relación con la sintomatología de trastorno alimentario. El total de la muestra está constituida por 123 mujeres universitarias, con una media de edad de 23,06 anos. Los cuestionarios administrados fueron: la versión espanola del EAT-40 (Castro, Toro, alamero y Guimera, 1991) y el CAD (Cuestionario de Alimentación en el Deporte), elaborado expresamente para la situación. Los resultados muestran como 9,2% de los sujetos presentan sintomatología de trastorno alimentario.This study presents a description of eating behaviours and weight losses in those people practicising aerobics and their relation with the symptomatology of eating disorders. The total number of participants is 123 university students, all of them women. The age averages 23,06 years old. The questionnaires that have been distributed are: the spanish version of EAT-40 (Castro, Toro, Salamero and Guimera, 1991) and the CAD (Questionnaire on Nutrition in Sports), that has been prepared on purpose for Dosil, J. y Díaz, O

Seismic Fault Preserving Diffusion

This paper focuses on the denoising and enhancing of 3-D reflection seismic data. We propose a pre-processing step based on a non linear diffusion filtering leading to a better detection of seismic faults. The non linear diffusion approaches are based on the definition of a partial differential equation that allows us to simplify the images without blurring relevant details or discontinuities. Computing the structure tensor which provides information on the local orientation of the geological layers, we propose to drive the diffusion along these layers using a new approach called SFPD (Seismic Fault Preserving Diffusion). In SFPD, the eigenvalues of the tensor are fixed according to a confidence measure that takes into account the regularity of the local seismic structure. Results on both synthesized and real 3-D blocks show the efficiency of the proposed approach.Comment: 10 page

Historia de la Psicología del Deporte

La Psicología del Deporte es un área relativamente joven, cuyo objeto de estudio lo constituyen las particularidades psicológicas de la actividad deportiva y del deportista. Cuando hablamos de Psicología del Deporte puede parecernos una cuestión reciente la unión entre la psicología -de por sí reciente- y el deporte, entendiéndose que la aplicación de la psicología en el deporte es una cuestión de hace pocos años y, de ningún modo, una cuestión que se pueda abordar con perspectiva histórica. En nuestro repaso histórico estableceremos los siguientes periodos: (1) comienzos, de 1879 a 1919, (2) periodo entre guerras, de1920 a 1945, (3) antes del Primer Congreso Mundial, de 1946 a 1964, (4) consolidación, de 1965 a 1985 y (5) reconocimiento oficial, de1986 hasta nuestros días. Concluimos con una sinopsis de la historia de la Psicología del Deporte en España.Sport Psychology is a relatively young area, which studies what are the psychological peculiarities of the sport and the athlete. When we speak of Sport Psychology it may seem a recent issue marriage between psychology -of itself recently- and sport, provided that the application of psychology in sport is a matter of a few years ago and, by no means a issue that can be addressed from a historical perspective. In our historical review we will establish the following periods: (1) beginning, from 1879 to1919, (2) interwar period of 1920-1945, (3) before the First World Congress, from 1946 to1964 (4) consolidation, from 1965 to 1985 and (5) official recognition, 1986 until today. We conclude with an overview of the history of Sport Psychology in Spain

Eating disorders in sports and football: An updated review

Disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent among athletes both at clinical and subclinical levels. This review briefly summarizes and updates the main findings on EDs in sports, with a specific focus on football, a largely ignored athletic modality in which EDs are common and more frequent than expected. We begin presenting EDs in sports and their prevalence. We review the traditional classifications of sports as "low-" and "high-risk" athletic modalities based on prevalence rates and examine recent findings that question the utility of classifying sports and estimating an athlete’s vulnerability for developing an ED based only on such dimension. We then focus on other more decisive risk factors involved in the predisposition, precipitation and maintenance of an ED in sports, including socio-cultural, psychosocial, behavioural and athletic-contextual factors. We reflect on current trends in sports and football that may contribute to an increased risk for EDs. Next, recommendations for preventing and managing EDs in sports are discussed, stressing the importance of reducing putative risk factors. Finally, we attend to future areas of research that may enrich our knowledge on this topic, including methodological, empirical and conceptual issues that may lead to further advancements in research and intervention

A Reverse Hierarchy Model for Predicting Eye Fixations

A number of psychological and physiological evidences suggest that early visual attention works in a coarse-to-fine way, which lays a basis for the reverse hierarchy theory (RHT). This theory states that attention propagates from the top level of the visual hierarchy that processes gist and abstract information of input, to the bottom level that processes local details. Inspired by the theory, we develop a computational model for saliency detection in images. First, the original image is downsampled to different scales to constitute a pyramid. Then, saliency on each layer is obtained by image super-resolution reconstruction from the layer above, which is defined as unpredictability from this coarse-to-fine reconstruction. Finally, saliency on each layer of the pyramid is fused into stochastic fixations through a probabilistic model, where attention initiates from the top layer and propagates downward through the pyramid. Extensive experiments on two standard eye-tracking datasets show that the proposed method can achieve competitive results with state-of-the-art models.Comment: CVPR 2014, 27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). CVPR 201

Teacher stress, anxiety and depression at the beginning of the academic year during the COVID-19 pandemic

[EN] Background. Faced with the situation of COVID-19, teachers are dealing with new measures, insecurity and a lack of clear guidelines. The aim of this study is to analyse the levels of stress, anxiety and depression of teachers in the north of Spain. Methods. This study was conducted with 1633 teachers from the Department of Education of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) and Navarre, all of whom are professionals working in various educational centres, from nursery education to university studies, with an average age of 42 years (M= 42.02; S.D. = 10.40). The Spanish version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used. Results. The results show that a high percentage of teachers have symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. Women show significantly more symptoms of stress and anxiety than men, those who have children have more depressive symptoms than those who do not, and people with chronic pathology or those who live with others with chronic pathology have more stress, anxiety and depression. Conclusions. This study indicates the importance of attending to the mental health of teachers, particularly women, those who have children, and those who have a chronic pathology or a family member with a chronic pathology.This research was funded by KideOn Research Group of the Basque Government, Ref.: IT1342-19 (A category)

Motivos de práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas en profesores de educación secundaria

[Resumen] Este trabajo estudia los motivos que llevan a los profesores de educación secundaria a practicar actividades físicas y/o deportivas. La muestra está compuesta por 179 profesores de Educación Secundaria, de edades comprendidas entre los 24 y los 67 años (media=41,16; desviación típica= 10,12), de la Comunidad Autónolna de Galicia, de los cuales 92 son hombres y 87 mujeres, que tienen su lugar de residencia, mayoritariamente, en zona urbana. Se ha utilizado el "Cuestionario de los hábitos deportivos de los españoles" de García Ferrando (1997), del que se han extraído los items correspondientes a los motivos de práctica deportiva. Los resultados muestran que los motivos que escogen los profesores para practicar actividades físicas/deportivas varían según la edad y el sexo, no encontrándose diferencias ünportantes según el lugar de residencia.[Abstract] This essay studies the motivations that lead the Secondary Education teachers to practise physical actltvltles or sports. The sample is made up of 179 teachers at the Secondary Education level, with ages between 24 and 67 years old (age average= 41.61; standard deviation=10.12); 92 ofwhom are men and 87 are women. All of then1 come from Galicia and they lnainly live in urban areas. It has been used the "Questionnaire of Sport Habits of Sapniards" by Garcia Ferrando (1997), from which the items related to the reasons for practising sports have been taken out. Results show that the motivation chosen by the teachers to carry out physical activities varies according their age and sex, but with no difference in respect of the place of residenc