Dinámica de paisajes forestales en relación a la incidencia del fuego en España peninsular: 1987-2000

Forest fires play a determinant role in landscape configuration, that is, the type and the spatial distribution of major land cover types in large areas of Spain. One possible way to evaluate this role is by means of the comparison between the area affected by forest fires and changes in land cover types during a certain type period. Based on the importance of wildland fires during the last decades in Spain it is expected a strong relationship between landscape changes and fire occurrence. In order to validate this hypothesis we have analysed the relationship between the changes in land cover types identified in the two land cover classifications carried out until now in the European programme CORINE Land Cover (CLC) and fire occurrence in peninsular Spain for a similar time period. The analyses are based on non parametric correlations and in a canonical ordination analysis between several fire variables and the different types of land cover change in which the dynamic of forested landscapes has been resumed according to the two land cover classification used: CLC-1990 and CLC-2000. The territorial units used are the division of Spain in agrarian counties and the reference period the 14 years spanned between the satellite images used in each classification. Focussing of the forested area, the more important changes detected are the changes from woodland to non-woodland (21%), from non-woodland to woodland (23%) and changes between the different types of land-cover included in the non-woodland class (22%). These three types of changes, that accounted for a 66% of changes in forested areas, have been the more related to fire occurrence. The results show a strong relation between both processes. We have obtained statistically significant results in the correlation and also in the multivariate redundancy analyses. These results confirm the determinant role that fires have played, and certainly will play, in the vegetation dynamic of regions each time more prone to fire such as peninsular Spain.Los incendios forestales tienen en numerosas regiones de España un papel determinante en la configuración del paisaje, es decir, en el tipo de cubiertas vegetales y en la distribución espacial de éstas. Una manera de evaluar este papel es comparar la incidencia de los incendios forestales con los cambios registrados en la cubierta vegetal en un periodo de tiempo. Dada la importancia que el fuego ha tenido en las últimas décadas en España peninsular, sería de esperar una importante interrelación entre los cambios en el paisaje forestal y la incidencia de los incendios. Para validar esta hipótesis se han analizado las relaciones entre los cambios en los tipos de cubierta forestal identificados en las dos clasificaciones realizadas dentro del programa europeo CORINE Land Cover (CLC-1990 y CLC-2000) y la incidencia del fuego en España peninsular en un periodo de tiempo comparable. Los análisis se han basado en correlaciones no paramétricas y en un análisis canónico de ordenación entre variables relativas a la incidencia del fuego y los distintos tipos de cambios en los que se ha resumido la dinámica de los paisajes forestales. La base territorial elegida para estos análisis ha sido la división de España peninsular en comarcas agrarias y un periodo de aproximadamente 14 años que separan las imágenes Landsat empleadas en cada una de las dos clasificaciones. Centrados en la superficie forestal, los tipos de cambio más relevantes en el periodo analizado han sido los cambios de arbolado a desarbolado (21%), de desarbolado a arbolado (23%) y los cambios entre los distintos tipos de vegetación incluidos dentro de la clase superficie desarbolada (22%). Estos tres tipos de cambio, que han representado un 66% de los cambios en las superficies forestales, han sido también los más relacionados con la incidencia del fuego. Los resultados muestran que ambos procesos han estado inter-relacionados obteniendose valores significativos tanto en las correlaciones como en el análisis multivariante de redundancia. Estos resultados confirman el papel determinante que los incendios forestales han tenido, y presumiblemente seguirán teniendo, en la dinámica de la vegetación en regiones cada vez más susceptibles al fuego como España

Spatial variation of trace elements in the peri-urban soil of Madrid

Purpose The peri-urban region to the south east of Madrid contains a mixture of housing, manufacturing industry and farming, some of which disperse metals, in particular cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, into the soil. We have mapped the concentrations of these elements and identified the major influences on their distributions. Material and methods We sampled the topsoil at 125 sites across 1,050 km2 of peri-urban land to the south east of the city on two grids, one nested inside the other. At each site, we measured the current contents of the four trace elements in the soil. We used robust geostatistical methods to model the complex spatial distributions of the data as mixtures of fixed and random effects. The empirical best linear unbiased predictor was used to map the elements. Site descriptors (lithology, land cover, cultivation, relief, erosion, and stoniness) were then included as covariates to identify significant effects on trace element concentrations. Results and discussion The complex spatial distributions of the elements seem to arise from several sources. The concentrations generally increase from southeast to northwest, i.e.;with increasing proximity to Madrid itself, the main potential source of pollution. This pattern is clear for lead and similar for copper and zinc, though with "hot spots" at or near industrial sites. The spatial pattern of cadmium is more complex and depends on varied lithology, industry, and land use such as irrigation and cultivation. In general, the concentrations of the four elements appear to decrease with increases in stoniness and erosion, and to be largest on the valley floors. Conclusions Robust geostatistical methods enabled us to analyze and map the complex patterns of spatial variation of trace elements in a peri-urban region of Madrid. They show that distance to the city center, lithology, manufacturing industry, and cultivation all play their parts in loading the soil with lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium. In the event, none of the metals has yet exceeded the legislative thresholds, but some concentrations are already substantially greater than would arise from natural sources, especially closest to Madrid itself. © 2013 The Author(s)

Potential probiotic salami with dietary fiber modulates metabolism and gut microbiota in a human intervention study

A human intervention in 24 healthy volunteers was performed to test the potential health benefits of a fermented salami with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and added citrus fiber. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemistry did not show any significant differences between pre- and post-intervention during 4 weeks with a daily intake of 30 g of salami, neither with regular salami (control group) nor with reformulated salami (intervention group). However, the inflammatory markers CRP and TNFα decreased significantly after intervention, suggesting a less inflammatory environment after reformulated salami consumption. Antioxidant plasmatic markers also improved within the intervention group. Butyrate production was significantly increased after reformulated salami consumption. Gut microbiota community structure, however, was not significantly shaped by neither regular nor reformulated salami. After the intervention with probiotic salami, L. rhamnosus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in all samples of the intervention group but not in the control group, showing probiotic effect.This trial was supported by project AVANZA-S from the Spanish Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI). It was also supported by a Spanish predoctoral fellowship F.P.U. (ref.: FPU14/ 01192) for S. Perez-Burillo from the Spanish Governmen

Study of the anticancer properties of optically active titanocene oximato compounds

New water soluble and optically active cyclopentadienyl titanium derivatives [(¿5-C5H5)2Ti{(1R, 4S)-¿ON, (R)NH}Cl] (R = Bn (Benzyl) 1a’, 2-pic (2-picolylamine) 1b’) have been synthesized. The novel compounds along with those previously described [(¿5-C5H5)2Ti{(1S, 4R)-¿ON, (R)NH}Cl] (R = Bn 1a, 2-pic 1b) were evaluated by polarimetry, ultra-violet and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The structure of 1b was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography and showed a unique terminal monohapto Ti–O disposition of the oximato ligand. All enantiomers have been tested against several cancer cell lines in vitro: prostate PC-3 and DU-145, lung A-549, pancreas MiaPaca-2, colorectal HCT-116, leukemia Jurkat and cervical HeLa. In addition, 1a, 1b and 1b’ were tested against non-tumorigenic prostate RWPE-1 cell line. After 24 h of incubation, 1b and 1b’ were moderately active against Jurkat and A-549 cells. The anti-proliferative effect of titanium compounds on prostate PC-3, DU-145 and RWPE-1 cell lines was also assessed after 72 h of drug exposure. The cytotoxic profile of the enantiomers was similar, exception made for the PC-3 cells, with S, R-isomers exhibiting cytotoxicities 2 to 3 times higher than R, S-compounds. Under these conditions, derivative 1b showed calculated IC50 values better than those of Tacke''s Titanocene-Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride) on both the prostate PC-3 and DU-145 cells. 1a and 1b cytotoxic behaviour shows certain selectiveness, with activities 2–4 times lower on normal prostate RWPE-1 than on cancer PC-3 cells. Furthermore, 1b produces higher cytotoxicity on prostate PC-3, DU-145 and RWPE-1 cells than the additive dose of titanocene dichloride and pro-ligand b·HCl. Additionally, compound-DNA interactions have been investigated by equilibrium dialysis, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) melting assays and viscometric titrations, which suggest that these metal complexes and/or their hydrolysis products bind DNA either in the minor groove or externally

Recommendations from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Psoriasis Working Group on the Management of Patients with Cancer and Psoriasis

[spa] Diversos estudios sugieren que los pacientes con psoriasis tienen un mayor riesgo de aparición de neoplasias, especialmente cutáneas, lo que podría estar asociado al uso de terapias para tratar la enfermedad. Además, la evidencia disponible sobre la seguridad de algunos tratamientos en este contexto y el manejo de estos pacientes es escasa. Así, las guías de práctica clínica con recomendaciones para el manejo de la psoriasis en el paciente oncológico son ambiguas. En el presente trabajo se recogen recomendaciones para el manejo y el uso de las terapias disponibles para estos pacientes. Estas recomendaciones han sido consensuadas por 45 dermatólogos del Grupo de Psoriasis de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología utilizando el método Delphi, y tienen por objetivo ayudar a los especialistas en la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica.[eng] Several studies suggest that patients with psoriasis have a higher incidence of neoplasms, especially of the skin, which could be associated with the use of therapies to treat psoriasis. Furthermore, the evidence available on the safety profile of some treatments in this context, and the management of these patients is scarce, which is why clinical practice guidelines with recommendations on the management of psoriasis in cancer patients are ambiguous. This study provides recommendations on the management and use of the therapies currently available for these patients. They are the result of a Delphi consensus reached by 45 dermatologists of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Psoriasis Working Group, and their goal is to help specialists in the field in their decision -making processes

Exploiting spectral and cepstral handwriting features on diagnosing Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease associated with several motor symptoms, including alterations in handwriting, also known as PD dysgraphia. Several computerized decision support systems for PD dysgraphia have been proposed, however, the associated challenges require new approaches for more accurate diagnosis. Therefore, this work adds spectral and cepstral handwriting features to the already-used temporal, kinematic and statistics handwriting features. First, we calculate temporal and kinematic features using displacement; statistic features (SF) using displacement, and horizontal and vertical displacement; spectral (SDF) and cepstral (CDF) using displacement, horizontal and vertical displacement and pressure. Since the employed dataset (PaHaW) contains only 37 PD patients and 38 healthy control subjects (HC), then as the second step, we augment the percentage of the smaller training set to equal the larger. Next, we augment both classes to increase the training patient’s data and added random Gaussian noise in all augmentations. Third, the most relevant features were selected using the modified fast correlation-based filtering method (mFCBF). Finally, autoML is employed to train and test more than ten plain and ensembled classifiers. Experimental results show that adding spectral and cepstral features to temporal, kinematics and statistics features highly improved classification accuracy to 98.57%. Our proposed model, with lower computational complexities, outperforms conventional state-of-the-art models for all tasks, which is 97.62%

A mid-term astrometric and photometric study of trans-Neptunian object (90482) Orcus

From time series CCD observations of a fixed and large star field that contained the binary trans-Neptunian object (90482) Orcus (formerly 2004 DW), taken during a period of 33 days, we have been able to derive high-precision relative astrometry and photometry of the Orcus system with respect to background stars. The right ascension residuals of an orbital fit to the astrometric data revealed a periodicity of 9.7 ± 0.3 days, which is what one would expect to be induced by the known Orcus companion (Vanth). The residuals are also correlated with the theoretical positions of the satellite with regard to the primary. We therefore have revealed the presence of Orcus’ satellite in our astrometric measurements, although the residuals in declination did not show the expected variations. The oscillation in the residuals is caused by the photocenter motion of the combined Orcus plus satellite system around the barycenter along an orbital revolution of the satellite. The photocenter motion is much larger than the motion of Orcus around the barycenter, and we show here that detecting some binaries through a carefully devised astrometric technique might be feasible with telescopes of moderate size. We discuss the prospects for using the technique to find new binary trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and to study already known binary systems with uncertain orbital periods. We also analyzed the system’s mid-term photometry in order to determine whether the rotation could be tidally locked to the satellite’s orbital period. We found that a photometric variability of 9.7 ± 0.3 days is clear in our data, and is nearly coincident with the orbital period of the satellite. We believe this variability might be induced by the satellite’s rotation. In our photometry there is also a slight hint for an additional very small variability in the 10 h range that was already reported in the literature. This short-term variability would indicate that the primary is not tidally locked and therefore the system would not have reached a double synchronous state. Implications for the basic physical properties of the primary and its satellite are discussed. From angular momentum considerations we suspect that the Orcus satellite might have formed from a rotational fission. This requires that the mass of the satellite would be around 0.09 times that of the primary, close to the value that one derives by using an albedo of 0.12 for the satellite and assuming equal densities for both the primary and secondary.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Biological evaluation of water soluble arene Ru(II) enantiomers with amino-oxime ligands

New water soluble, enantiopure arene ruthenium compound SRuSN-(1R, 4S)-[(¿6-p-cymene)Ru{¿NH(Bn), ¿NOH}Cl]Cl (Bn = benzyl, 1a') has been synthesized. The novel compound along with that previously described RRuRN-(1S, 4R)-[(¿6-p-cymene)Ru{¿NH(Bn), ¿NOH}Cl]Cl (1a) was evaluated by polarimetry, ultra-violet and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The structure of novel ruthenium derivative 1a' was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Both enantiomers have been tested against several cancer cell lines in vitro: prostate PC-3, lung A-549, pancreas MIA PaCa-2, colorectal HCT-116, leukemia Jurkat and cervical HeLa. Both enantiomers are active and versatile cytotoxic agents, showing IC50 values from 2 to 12 times lower than those found for cisplatin in the different cell lines evaluated. The mechanism of cell death induced by the metal compounds was analyzed in A-549 and Jurkat cell lines. Derivatives 1a and 1a' induced apoptotic cell death of A-549 cells while dose-dependent cell death mechanisms have been found in the Jurkat cell line. Compound-DNA interactions have been investigated by equilibrium dialysis, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) melting assays and viscometric titrations, revealing moderate binding affinity of 1a and 1a' towards duplex DNA. Finally, the efficacy of 1a in a preliminary in vivo assay of PC-3 xenografts in nude mice has been evaluated, resulting in a promising inhibition of tumor growth by 45%. Analysis of tumor tissue also showed a significant decrease of levels of crucial molecules in the invasive phenotype of PC-3 cells

A mid-term astrometric and photometric study of Trans-Neptunian Object (90482) Orcus

From CCD observations of a fixed and large star field that contained the binary TNO Orcus, we have been able to derive high-precision relative astrometry and photometry of the Orcus system with respect to background stars. The RA residuals of an orbital fit to the astrometric data revealed a periodicity of 9.7+-0.3 days, which is what one would expect to be induced by the known Orcus companion. The residuals are also correlated with the theoretical positions of the satellite with regard to the primary. We therefore have revealed the presence of Orcus' satellite in our astrometric measurements. The photocenter motion is much larger than the motion of Orcus around the barycenter, and we show here that detecting some binaries through a carefully devised astrometric technique might be feasible with telescopes of moderate size. We also analyzed the system's mid-term photometry to determine whether the rotation could be tidally locked to the satellite's orbital period. We found that a photometric variability of 9.7+-0.3 days is clear in our data, and is nearly coincident with the orbital period of the satellite. We believe this variability might be induced by the satellite's rotation. There is also a slight hint for an additional small variability in the 10 hr range that was already reported in the literature. This short-term variability would indicate that the primary is not tidally locked and therefore the system would not have reached a double synchronous state. Implications for the basic physical properties of the primary and its satellite are discussed. From angular momentum considerations we suspect that the Orcus satellite might have formed from a rotational fission. This requires that the mass of the satellite would be around 0.09 times that of the primary, close to the value that one derives by using an albedo of 0.12 for the satellite and assuming equal densities for both objects.Comment: in Press at A&