158 research outputs found
Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2000. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105 (2000): 5835-5857, doi:10.1029/1999JB900318.We use new seismic and gravity data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles
Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE) to discuss the origin of the California Inner
Continental Borderland (ICB) as an extended terrain possibly in a metamorphic core
complex mode. The data provide detailed crustal structure of the Borderland and its
transition to mainland southern California. Using tomographic inversion as well as
traditional forward ray tracing to model the wide-angle seismic data, we find little or no
sediments, low (#6.6 km/s) P wave velocity extending down to the crust-mantle boundary,
and a thin crust (19 to 23 km thick). Coincident multichannel seismic reflection data show
a reflective lower crust under Catalina Ridge. Contrary to other parts of coastal
California, we do not find evidence for an underplated fossil oceanic layer at the base of
the crust. Coincident gravity data suggest an abrupt increase in crustal thickness under the
shelf edge, which represents the transition to the western Transverse Ranges. On the shelf
the Palos Verdes Fault merges downward into a landward dipping surface which separates
“basement” from low-velocity sediments, but interpretation of this surface as a detachment
fault is inconclusive. The seismic velocity structure is interpreted to represent Catalina
Schist rocks extending from top to bottom of the crust. This interpretation is compatible
with a model for the origin of the ICB as an autochthonous formerly hot highly extended
region that was filled with the exhumed metamorphic rocks. The basin and ridge
topography and the protracted volcanism probably represent continued extension as a
wide rift until ;13 m.y. ago. Subduction of the young and hot Monterey and Arguello
microplates under the Continental Borderland, followed by rotation and translation of the
western Transverse Ranges, may have provided the necessary thermomechanical
conditions for this extension and crustal inflow.The LARSE experiment
was funded by NSF EAR-9416774, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earthquake
Hazards and Coastal and Marine Programs, and by the Southern
California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
Images of Crust Beneath Southern California Will Aid Study of Earthquakes and Their Effects
The Whittier Narrows earthquake of 1987 and the Northridge earthquake of 1991 highlighted the earthquake hazards associated with buried faults in the Los Angeles region. A more thorough knowledge of the subsurface structure of southern California is needed to reveal these and other buried faults and to aid us in understanding how the earthquake-producing machinery works in this region
Understanding earthquake hazards in southern California - the "LARSE" project - working toward a safer future for Los Angeles
The Los Angeles region is underlain by a network of active faults, including many that are deep and do not break the
Earth’s surface. These hidden faults include the previously
unknown one responsible for the devastating January 1994
Northridge earthquake, the costliest quake in U.S. history. So that structures can be built or strengthened to withstand the quakes that are certain in the
future, the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE) is
locating hidden earthquake hazards beneath the region to
help scientists determine where the strongest shaking will occur
Data Report for the 1993 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE93), Southern California: a passive study from Seal Beach northeastward through the Mojave Desert
This report contains a description of the first part of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE). To date, LARSE has consisted of two experiments: passive, which took
place in fall, 1993 (LARSE93), and active, which took place in fall, 1994 (LARSE94). The goal of the 1993 experiment was to collect waveform data from local and distant earthquakes to obtain three-dimensional images of lower crust and upper mantle structure in Southern California, particularly under the San Gabriel Mountains and across the San Andreas fault. During LARSE93, approximately 88 stations were deployed in a 175-km-long, linear array
across the Los Angeles basin, San Gabriel Mountains, and Mojave Desert northeast of Los Angeles by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, University of California at Los Angeles, California Institute of Technology, and University of Southern California. Reftek recorders were deployed one km apart through the San Gabriel Mountains, and two km apart in the Mojave Desert. This data set has since been complemented by the results of LARSE94 comprising land
refraction and deep-crustal seismic reflection profiles from offshore airgun and onshore explosion sources. These additional data sets will be useful in distinguishing crustal structures from adjacent upper mantle structures. During the four weeks of continuous recording, over 150
teleseismic and over 450 local (M_L ≥ 2.0) events were recorded at each site. Both teleseismic and local sources provided a wide range of raypath azimuths. The teleseismic events include a number of earthquakes with epicenters in the Aleutian Island, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, mid-Atlantic
Ridge, Solomon Island, Japan, Fiji Island, Peru, and Chile regions. The local events include aftershocks of recent Southern California earthquakes. The final products of data
processing are 1) half-hour files containing the continuous wavefonn data recorded at each station for each day of the experiment, 2) 150-second time-windowed waveform segments
containing local, regional, and teleseismic event arrivals, and 3) one-hour time-windowed waveform segments containing regional and teleseismic event arrivals. Array instrumentation, recorded events, and data processing will be described in this report
Magnetostimulated Chandges of Microhardness in Potassium Acid Phthalate Crystals
A decrease in microhardness along the (010) cleavage in potassium acid
phthalate single crystals by 15--18% after the application of a permanent
magnetic field was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the effect
revealed is of the volume character. The role of interlayer water in the
processes stimulated by a magnetic field is studied., Interlayer water plays
does not cause the observed changes it only plays the part of an indicator of
these changes in potassium acid phthalate crystals in a magnetic field. It is
established that microhardness in the (100) plane of the crystal in an applied
a magnetic field first increases by 12--15% and then remains constant in time
within the accuracy of the experiment. The possibility of varying the crystal
structure of potassium acid phthalate crystals by applying magnetic fields
inducing rearrangement in the system of hydrogen bonds or in the defect
structure is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Oncostatin m is produced in adipose tissue and is regulated in conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes
CONTEXT:
Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secretes many factors that affect other tissues and whole-body metabolism. Adipocytes are responsive to several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines, some of which have been targeted as potential antiobesity therapeutics.
OBJECTIVE:
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a gp130 family member known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in vitro, but its effects on other adipocyte properties are not characterized. The expression of OSM in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been evaluated in the context of obesity. Thus, our objective was to examine the expression of adipose tissue OSM in obese animals and humans.
DESIGN:
OSM expression was examined in adipose tissues from mice with diet-induced and genetic obesity and in obese humans as well as in fractionated adipose tissue from mice. Murine adipocytes were used to examine OSM receptor expression and the effects of OSM on adipocytes, including the secretion of factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and IL-6, which are implicated in metabolic diseases.
RESULTS:
OSM expression is increased in rodent and human obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. In humans, OSM levels correlate with body weight and insulin and are inversely correlated with glucose disposal rate as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. OSM is not produced from the adipocytes in WAT but derives from cells in the stromovascular fraction, including F4/80(+) macrophages. The specific receptor of OSM, OSM receptor-β, is expressed in adipocytes and adipose tissue and increased in both rodent models of obesity examined. OSM acts on adipocytes to induce the expression and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and IL-6.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data indicate that WAT macrophages are a source of OSM and that OSM levels are significantly induced in murine and human obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. These studies suggest that OSM produced from immune cells in WAT acts in a paracrine manner on adipocytes to promote a proinflammatory phenotype in adipose tissue
Response of a multi-domain continental margin to compression: study from seismic reflection-refraction and numerical modelling in the Tagus Abyssal Plain
The effects of the Miocene through Present compression in the Tagus Abyssal Plain are mapped using the most up to date available to scientific community multi-channel seismic reflection and refraction data. Correlation of the rift basin fault pattern with the deep crustal structure is presented along seismic line IAM-5. Four structural domains were recognized. In the oceanic realm mild deformation concentrates in Domain I adjacent to the Tore-Madeira Rise. Domain 2 is characterized by the absence of shortening structures, except near the ocean-continent transition (OCT), implying that Miocene deformation did not propagate into the Abyssal Plain, In Domain 3 we distinguish three sub-domains: Sub-domain 3A which coincides with the OCT, Sub-domain 3B which is a highly deformed adjacent continental segment, and Sub-domain 3C. The Miocene tectonic inversion is mainly accommodated in Domain 3 by oceanwards directed thrusting at the ocean-continent transition and continentwards on the continental slope. Domain 4 corresponds to the non-rifted continental margin where only minor extensional and shortening deformation structures are observed. Finite element numerical models address the response of the various domains to the Miocene compression, emphasizing the long-wavelength differential vertical movements and the role of possible rheologic contrasts. The concentration of the Miocene deformation in the transitional zone (TC), which is the addition of Sub-domain 3A and part of 3B, is a result of two main factors: (1) focusing of compression in an already stressed region due to plate curvature and sediment loading; and (2) theological weakening. We estimate that the frictional strength in the TC is reduced in 30% relative to the surrounding regions. A model of compressive deformation propagation by means of horizontal impingement of the middle continental crust rift wedge and horizontal shearing on serpentinized mantle in the oceanic realm is presented. This model is consistent with both the geological interpretation of seismic data and the results of numerical modelling. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovacao(INETI); Landmark Graphics Corporation; Landmark University Grant Program; LATTEX/IDL [ISLF-5-32]; FEDERinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Thermomechanical consequences of Cretaceous continent-continent collision in the eastern Alps (Austria): insights from two-dimensional modeling.
CA19-9 and apolipoprotein-A2 isoforms as detection markers for pancreatic cancer: a prospective evaluation.
Recently, we identified unique processing patterns of apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2) in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our study provides a first prospective evaluation of an ApoA2 isoform ("ApoA2-ATQ/AT"), alone and in combination with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), as an early detection biomarker for pancreatic cancer. We performed ELISA measurements of CA19-9 and ApoA2-ATQ/AT in 156 patients with pancreatic cancer and 217 matched controls within the European EPIC cohort, using plasma samples collected up to 60 months prior to diagnosis. The detection discrimination statistics were calculated for risk scores by strata of lag-time. For CA19-9, in univariate marker analyses, C-statistics to distinguish future pancreatic cancer patients from cancer-free individuals were 0.80 for plasma taken ≤6 months before diagnosis, and 0.71 for >6-18 months; for ApoA2-ATQ/AT, C-statistics were 0.62, and 0.65, respectively. Joint models based on ApoA2-ATQ/AT plus CA19-9 significantly improved discrimination within >6-18 months (C = 0.74 vs. 0.71 for CA19-9 alone, p = 0.022) and ≤ 18 months (C = 0.75 vs. 0.74, p = 0.022). At 98% specificity, and for lag times of ≤6, >6-18 or ≤ 18 months, sensitivities were 57%, 36% and 43% for CA19-9 combined with ApoA2-ATQ/AT, respectively, vs. 50%, 29% and 36% for CA19-9 alone. Compared to CA19-9 alone, the combination of CA19-9 and ApoA2-ATQ/AT may improve detection of pancreatic cancer up to 18 months prior to diagnosis under usual care, and may provide a useful first measure for pancreatic cancer detection prior to imaging
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