Reducing the Number of Solutions of NP Functions

AbstractWe study whether one can prune solutions from NP functions. Though it is known that, unless surprising complexity class collapses occur, one cannot reduce the number of accepting paths of NP machines, we nonetheless show that it often is possible to reduce the number of solutions of NP functions. For finite cardinality types, we give a sufficient condition for such solution reduction. We also give absolute and conditional necessary conditions for solution reduction, and in particular we show that in many cases solution reduction is impossible unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses

CHAOS DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF EEG DATA(Session I : Cross-Disciplinary Physics, The 1st Tohwa University International Meeting on Statistical Physics Theories, Experiments and Computer Simulations)

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Comprehensive Functional Analyses of Expressed Sequence Tags in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

About 1 million expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences comprising 125.3 Mb nucleotides were accreted from 51 cDNA libraries constructed from a variety of tissues and organs under a range of conditions, including abiotic stresses and pathogen challenges in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Expressed sequence tags were assembled with stringent parameters after processing with inbuild scripts, resulting in 37 138 contigs and 215 199 singlets. In the assembled sequences, 10.6% presented no matches with existing sequences in public databases. Functional characterization of wheat unigenes by gene ontology annotation, mining transcription factors, full-length cDNA, and miRNA targeting sites were carried out. A bioinformatics strategy was developed to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within our large EST resource and reported the SNPs between and within (homoeologous) cultivars. Digital gene expression was performed to find the tissue-specific gene expression, and correspondence analysis was executed to identify common and specific gene expression by selecting four biotic stress-related libraries. The assembly and associated information cater a framework for future investigation in functional genomics

Comparative gene expression analysis of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic lines in common wheat infected by Puccinia triticina

Gene expression after leaf rust infection was compared in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in the Lr10 leaf rust resistance gene. RNA from susceptible and resistant plants was used for cDNA library construction. In total, 55 008 ESTs were sequenced from the two libraries, then combined and assembled into 14 268 unigenes for further analysis. Of these ESTs, 89% encoded proteins similar to (E value of < or =10(-5)) characterized or annotated proteins from the NCBI non-redundant database representing diverse molecular functions, cellular localization and biological processes based on gene ontology classification. Further, the unigenes were classified into susceptible and resistant classes based on the EST members assembled from the respective libraries. Several genes from the resistant sample (14-3-3 protein, wali5 protein, actin-depolymerization factor and ADP-ribosylation factor) and the susceptible sample (brown plant hopper resistance protein, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, pathogenesis-related protein and senescence-associated protein) were selected and their differential expression in the resistant and susceptible samples collected at different time points after leaf rust infection was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The molecular pathogenicity of leaf rust in wheat was studied and the EST data generated made a foundation for future studies

Origin and Detectability of coorbital planets from radial velocity data

We analyze the possibilities of detection of hypothetical exoplanets in coorbital motion from synthetic radial velocity (RV) signals, taking into account different types of stable planar configurations, orbital eccentricities and mass ratios. For each nominal solution corresponding to small-amplitude oscillations around the periodic solution, we generate a series of synthetic RV curves mimicking the stellar motion around the barycenter of the system. We then fit the data sets obtained assuming three possible different orbital architectures: (a) two planets in coorbital motion, (b) two planets in a 2/1 mean-motion resonance, and (c) a single planet. We compare the resulting residuals and the estimated orbital parameters. For synthetic data sets covering only a few orbital periods, we find that the discrete radial velocity signal generated by a coorbital configuration could be easily confused with other configurations/systems, and in many cases the best orbital fit corresponds to either a single planet or two bodies in a 2/1 resonance. However, most of the incorrect identifications are associated to dynamically unstable solutions. We also compare the orbital parameters obtained with two different fitting strategies: a simultaneous fit of two planets and a nested multi-Keplerian model. We find that the nested models can yield incorrect orbital configurations (sometimes close to fictitious mean-motion resonances) that are nevertheless dynamically stable and with orbital eccentricities lower than the correct nominal solutions. Finally, we discuss plausible mechanisms for the formation of coorbital configurations, by the interaction between two giant planets and an inner cavity in the gas disk. For equal mass planets, both Lagrangian and anti-Lagrangian configurations can be obtained from same initial condition depending on final time of integration.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures.2012. MNRAS, 421, 35

Characteristics of L3 nerve root radiculopathy

ArticleSURGICAL NEUROLOGY. 72(1):36-40 2009journal articl