539 research outputs found
Filmmakers/Educators/Facilitators? Understanding the Role of Adult Intermediaries in Youth Media Production in the UK and the USA
Parents unwittingly leak their children's data:a GDPR time bomb?
There are many apps available for parents that are designed to help them monitor their pregnancy or child’s development. These apps require parents to share information about themselves or their children in order to utilise many of the apps’ features. However, parents remain concerned about their children’s privacy, indicating a privacy paradox between concerns and actions. The research presented here conducted an analysis of parenting apps alongside a survey of parents to determine if their concerns regarding sharing information about their children was at odds with their use of parenting apps.A survey of 75 parents found that they had strong concerns around the availability of information about their children but were using apps within which they shared this information. Parents were not giving consideration to the information requested when using apps. This should be of concern to developers given the growing awareness of users’ rights in relation to managing their data.We propose new guidelines for app developers to better protect children’s privacy and to improve trust relationships between developers and users
Re-examining the XMM-Newton Spectrum of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1652-453
The XMM-Newton spectrum of the black hole candidate XTE J1652-453 shows a
broad and strong Fe K-alpha emission line, generally believed to originate from
reflection of the inner accretion disc. These data have been analysed by
Hiemstra et al. (2011) using a variety of phenomenological models. We
re-examine the spectrum with a self-consistent relativistic reflection model. A
narrow absorption line near 7.2 keV may be present, which if real is likely the
Fe XXVI absorption line arising from highly ionised, rapidly outflowing disc
wind. The blue shift of this feature corresponds to a velocity of about 11100
km/s, which is much larger than the typical values seen in stellar-mass black
holes. Given that we also find the source to have a low inclination (i < 32
degrees; close to face-on), we would therefore be seeing through the very base
of outflow. This could be a possible explanation for the unusually high
velocity. We use a reflection model combined with a relativistic convolution
kernel which allows for both prograde and retrograde black hole spin, and treat
the potential absorption feature with a physical model for a photo-ionised
plasma. In this manner, assuming the disc is not truncated, we could only
constrain the spin of the black hole in XTE J1652-453 to be less than ~ 0.5
Jc/GM^{2} at the 90% confidence limit.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Gaze Stability for Liveness Detection
Spoofing attacks on biometric systems are one of the major impediments to their use for secure unattended applications. This paper explores features for face liveness detection based on tracking the gaze of the user. In the proposed approach, a visual stimulus is placed on the display screen, at apparently random locations, which the user is required to follow while their gaze is measured. This visual stimulus appears in such a way that it repeatedly directs the gaze of the user to specific positions on the screen. Features extracted from sets of collinear and colocated points are used to estimate the liveness of the user. Data is collected from genuine users tracking the stimulus with natural head/eye movements and impostors holding a photograph, looking through a 2D mask or replaying the video of a genuine user. The choice of stimulus and features are based on the assumption that natural head/eye coordination for directing gaze results in a greater accuracy and thus can be used to effectively differentiate between genuine and spoofing attempts. Tests are performed to assess the effectiveness of the system with these features in isolation as well as in combination with each other using score fusion techniques. The results from the experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed gaze-based features in detecting such presentation attacks
Measuring Black Hole Spin using X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy
I review the current status of X-ray reflection (a.k.a. broad iron line)
based black hole spin measurements. This is a powerful technique that allows us
to measure robust black hole spins across the mass range, from the stellar-mass
black holes in X-ray binaries to the supermassive black holes in active
galactic nuclei. After describing the basic assumptions of this approach, I lay
out the detailed methodology focusing on "best practices" that have been found
necessary to obtain robust results. Reflecting my own biases, this review is
slanted towards a discussion of supermassive black hole (SMBH) spin in active
galactic nuclei (AGN). Pulling together all of the available XMM-Newton and
Suzaku results from the literature that satisfy objective quality control
criteria, it is clear that a large fraction of SMBHs are rapidly-spinning,
although there are tentative hints of a more slowly spinning population at high
(M>5*10^7Msun) and low (M<2*10^6Msun) mass. I also engage in a brief review of
the spins of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries. In general,
reflection-based and continuum-fitting based spin measures are in agreement,
although there remain two objects (GROJ1655-40 and 4U1543-475) for which that
is not true. I end this review by discussing the exciting frontier of
relativistic reverberation, particularly the discovery of broad iron line
reverberation in XMM-Newton data for the Seyfert galaxies NGC4151, NGC7314 and
MCG-5-23-16. As well as confirming the basic paradigm of relativistic disk
reflection, this detection of reverberation demonstrates that future large-area
X-ray observatories such as LOFT will make tremendous progress in studies of
strong gravity using relativistic reverberation in AGN.Comment: 19 pages. To appear in proceedings of the ISSI-Bern workshop on "The
Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes" (8-12 Oct 2012). Revised version adds
a missing source to Table 1 and Fig.6 (IRAS13224-3809) and corrects the
referencing of the discovery of soft lags in 1H0707-495 (which were in fact
first reported in Fabian et al. 2009
Topology, Entropy and Witten Index of Dilaton Black Holes
We have found that for extreme dilaton black holes an inner boundary must be
introduced in addition to the outer boundary to give an integer value to the
Euler number. The resulting manifolds have (if one identifies imaginary time)
topology and Euler number in contrast to
the non-extreme case with . The entropy of extreme dilaton black
holes is already known to be zero. We include a review of some recent ideas due
to Hawking on the Reissner-Nordstr\"om case. By regarding all extreme black
holes as having an inner boundary, we conclude that the entropy of {\sl all}
extreme black holes, including black holes, vanishes. We discuss the
relevance of this to the vanishing of quantum corrections and the idea that the
functional integral for extreme holes gives a Witten Index. We have studied
also the topology of ``moduli space'' of multi black holes. The quantum
mechanics on black hole moduli spaces is expected to be supersymmetric despite
the fact that they are not HyperK\"ahler since the corresponding geometry has
torsion unlike the BPS monopole case. Finally, we describe the possibility of
extreme black hole fission for states with an energy gap. The energy released,
as a proportion of the initial rest mass, during the decay of an
electro-magnetic black hole is 300 times greater than that released by the
fission of an nucleus.Comment: 51 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX. Considerably extended version. New
sections include discussion of the Witten index, topology of the moduli
space, black hole sigma model, and black hole fission with huge energy
releas
Filmmaking education and enterprise culture: an ethnographic exploration of two filmmaking education contexts and their relation to bedroom culture and the creative workplace
Filmmaking education has never been firmly integrated into schooling and in past years has suffered from cuts to funding for youth work and formal and non-formal arts education. It continues to exist only by drawing on creative industry and cultural consumption practices as well as state funding. In this paper we explore the filmmaking education contexts we encountered while doing our own pieces of year-long ethnographic research. These contexts import 'enterprising' ways of thinking, doing and being from the creative workplace and 'bedroom culture'. Located across life's domains, they address enterprising subjects who take pleasure in work, make use of leisure, and who are always learning. We argue that these filmmaking education contexts support young people to develop their private creative practice and introduce them to the possibility of work in the creative industries but, because of the enterprise culture in which they are entangled, uncritically address these young people as enterprising subjects
A dark siren measurement of the Hubble constant with the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave event GW190412 and DESI galaxies
We present a measurement of the Hubble Constant using the gravitational
wave event GW190412, an asymmetric binary black hole merger detected by
LIGO/Virgo, as a dark standard siren. This event does not have an
electromagnetic counterpart, so we use the statistical standard siren method
and marginalize over potential host galaxies from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic
Instrument (DESI) survey. GW190412 is well-localized to 12 deg (90%
credible interval), so it is promising for a dark siren analysis. The dark
siren value for km/s/Mpc, with a posterior shape
that is consistent with redshift overdensities. When combined with the bright
standard siren measurement from GW170817 we recover
km/s/Mpc, consistent with both early and late-time Universe measurements of
. This work represents the first standard siren analysis performed with
DESI data, and includes the most complete spectroscopic sample used in a dark
siren analysis to date.Comment: Submitted to RNAA
The Similarity of Broad Iron Lines in X-ray Binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei
We have compared the 2001 XMM-Newton spectra of the stellar mass black hole
binary XTE J1650-500 and the active galaxy MGC-6-30-15, focusing on the broad,
excess emission features at ~4--7 keV displayed by both sources. Such features
are frequently observed in both low mass X-ray binaries and active galactic
nuclei. For the former case it is generally accepted that the excess arises due
to iron emission, but there is some controversy over whether their width is
partially enhanced by instrumental processes, and hence also over the intrinsic
broadening mechanism. Meanwhile, in the latter case, the origin of this feature
is still subject to debate; physically motivated reflection and absorption
interpretations are both able to reproduce the observed spectra. In this work
we make use of the contemporaneous BeppoSAX data to demonstrate that the
breadth of the excess observed in XTE J1650-500 is astrophysical rather than
instrumental, and proceed to highlight the similarity of the excesses present
in this source and MGC-6-30-15. Both optically thick accretion discs and
optically thin coronae, which in combination naturally give rise to
relativistically-broadened iron lines when the disc extends close to the black
hole, are commonly observed in both class of object. The simplest solution is
that the broad emission features present arise from a common process, which we
argue must be reflection from the inner regions of an accretion disc around a
rapidly rotating black hole; for XTE J1650-500 we find spin constraints of 0.84
< a* < 0.98 at the 90 per cent confidence level. Other interpretations proposed
for AGN add potentially unnecessary complexities to the theoretical framework
of accretion in strong gravity.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 22 pages, 17 figure
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