High-performance ferrite permanent magnet brushless machines

The performance of a brushless permanent magnet machine topology equipped with axially and circumferentially magnetized ferrite permanent magnets is presented. Simulation studies show that for smaller ratios of axial length to active length, air-gap flux densities in excess of 1 T can be achieved, resulting in significant improvements in torque production and efficiency. A prototype machine is manufactured, and test results confirm the predictions of the EMF and the static torque

Examination of Hide Production, Hide Grades, and Economic Losses of Inferior Hide Grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013

The study examined hide production and economic losses of inferior hide grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013. Data were obtained from the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics for various livestock, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The majority of hides produced were from buffaloes and were Grade 1 hides. Overall, the losses from condemned hides decreased from EGP1,756 in 2002 to EGP425 in 2013 (a decrease of 76%). Losses from Grade 3 hides also decreased from EGP141,369 in 2002 to EGP 63,859 in 2013 (a decrease of 55%). A concerted effort should be made to increase production from buffaloes to generate more revenues. Although the losses from both condemned and Grade 3 hides have been declining, we recommended the establishment of a buffalo hide quality grading system, and the development of an Extension education program to avoid activities that lead to losses

Calcium supplementation to prevent pre-eclampsia - a systematic review

Background. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy may prevent high blood pressure and preterm labour. Objective. To assess the effects of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and related maternal and child adverse outcomes. Design. A systematic review of randomised trials that compared supplementation with at least 1 g calcium daily during pregnancy with placebo. Search strategy. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (October 2001) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 3, 2001) were searched and study s were contacted. Data collection and analysis. Eligibility and trial quality were assessed. Data were extracted and analysed. Main results. There was a modest reduction in the risk of pre-eclampsia with calcium supplementation (relative risk (RR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57- 0.81). The effect was greatest for women at high risk of hypertension (RR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11 - 0.39) and those with low baseline calcium intake (RR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.49). There was no overall effect on the risk of preterm delivery, although there was a reduction in risk among women at high risk of hypertension (RR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.78). There was no evidence of any effect of calcium supplementation on stillbirth or death before discharge from hospital. There were fewer babies with birthweight 95th percentile was reduced (RR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.91). Conclusions. Calcium supplementation appears to be beneficial for women at high risk of gestational hypertension and in communities with low dietary calcium intake. These benefits were confined to several rather small trials, and were not found in the largest trial to date, conducted in a low-risk population. Further research is required. (South African Medical Journal: 2003 93(3): 224-228

Effect of Foliar Fertilization by Two Types of Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Omega Variety) under Protected Environment Conditions

     نفذت تجربة حقلية في الموسم الشتوي 2018 في بيت بلاستيكي في منطقة العزاوية بمحافظة بابل بتصميم (C.R.D) وبثلاث مكررات تضمنت سبع معاملات هي رش المغذي الورقي البيومين 221 بتركيز 1، 1.25،  1.5مل .لتر1- ماء والفولسيست بتركيز1، 1.5،  2مل . لتر1- ماء اضافة الى معاملة المقارنة (من دون رش) على نبات الخيار صنف Omega المزروع في البيت البلاستيكي وتم رش النباتات ثلاث مرات ،الاولى عند الازهار، والثانية بعد اسبوعين من الاولى، والثالثة بعد اسبوعين من الثانية. يهدف البحث لمعرفة تأثير الرش الورقي بالمغذيين البيومين 221 والفولسيست في نمو وحاصل الخيار المزروع في البيت البلاستيكي .أظهرت نتائج صفات النمو الخضري (طول النبات وعدد الاوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري) وصفات النمو الثمري (طول الثمرة ووزن الثمرة  وعدد الثمار .نبات1- وحاصل النبات الواحد) عند رش الفولسيست بتركيز 1.5مل .لتر-1 (323.7 سم ،88.33 ورقة،  31.67غم ( لصفات النمو الخضري بالتتابع  و (  23.50سم ،113.85 غم ، 43.03 ثمرة . نبات 1- ، 4.900 كغم. نبات 1-) لصفات النمو الثمري بالتتابع وتليها معاملة البيومين 221 بتركيز1.25 مل .لتر1- في صفات النمو الخضري (309.3 سم، 70.33 ورقة، 25.92غم) بالتتابع ولصفات النمو الثمري كانت (21.03 سم، 111.01 غم ،  40.78ثمرة . نبات  1- ، 4.523 كغم . نبات 1-) بالتتابع.The experiment was conducted during the winter season in 2018 under a plastic house at Azawia- Babylon in (C.R.D) design with three replicates consisted of seven treatments such as a spray of foliar nutrition biomin 221with concentration 1‚1.25‚1.5  ml. liter-1 water and folic with concentration of 1‚1.5‚2  ml. litre-1 water, as well as a control treatment (without spraying) on cucumber plant (Omega variety), were grown in plastic house as follows three times ‚ The first spraying was conducted during flowering and the second spraying after two weeks of the first and the third after two weeks of the second. This study aims to determine the effect of foliar spray by nutritions biomin 221 and folic in growth and yield of cucumber planted in a plastic house. Results indicated that in vegetative growth characteristics (plant length, the number of leaves and dry weight of the shoot) and fruiting growth characteristics (fruit long, fruit weight ‚ the number of fruits.plant-1 and the one plant yield) in a spray of folicist with concentration 1.5 ml. litre-1  (323.7 cm ‚ 88.33 leaf ‚31.67 gm) of vegetative growth characteristics sequentially and (23.50 cm ‚113.85 gm‚43.03 fruit.plant-1 and 4.900 kg .plant-1) of fruiting growth characteristics sequentially and treatment of biomin 221 with concentration1.25 ml.litre-1 in vegetative growth characteristics (309.3cm‚70.33 leaf‚25.92gm) sequentially and fruiting growth characteristic (21.03cm‚111.01gm‚40.78 fruit.plant-1 and 4.523 kg.plant-1) sequentiall

Effect Times Number of Spray and Concentration of Foliar Fertilizer (PIO20) in Growth and Yield of Cucumber Variety Jamila Planted in Plastic Houses Conditions

نفذت التجربة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2016 في البيوت البلاستيكية في منطقة العزاوية بمحافظة بابل لدراسة تأثير عدد مرات الرش (رشتان، ثلاث رشات) مع اربعة مستويات للرش بالسماد الورقي PIO20 وهي 0 ،1.5 ،2 ،2.5   مل. لتر1- في نبات الخيار صنف جميلة، طّبقت تجربة عاملية وﻓﻘﴼ لتصميم (C.R.D) بثلاثة مكررات. أوضحت النتائج التفوق المعنوي لمعاملة الرش لثلاث مرات بالسماد الورقيPIO20  على معاملة الرش لمرتين في معدل طول النبات (291.4) سم وعدد الاوراق (36.63) ورقة والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري(25.76) غم وطول الثمرة (17.98) سم ووزن الثمرة ((109.27غم وعدد الثمار((11.80 ثمرة. نبات1- وحاصل النبات الواحد ((1.294 كغم . كما أظهرت معاملات الرش الورقي جميعها تفوﻗﴼ معنوﻴﴼ في معدل صفات النمو الخضري والثمري قياﺴﴼ لمعاملة المقارنة.  وبيّنت نتائج التداخل التفوق المعنوي لمعاملة الرش لثلاث مرات عند المستوى 2مل. لتر1- في معدل طول النبات (311.3) سم وعدد الاوراق (40.71) ورقة والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري(32.09) غم وطول الثمرة (19.34) سم ووزن الثمرة ((116.06 غم وعدد الثمار((12.97 ثمرة. نبات1- وحاصل النبات الواحد ((1.506 كغم.The experiment was conducted during a season of 2016 in plastic houses at Azawia- Babylon to study effect times number of spray (two times،  three times ) with four levels of spray by foliar nutrition  PIO20 (0 ،1.5 ، 2 ،2.5 ml. liter-1) in cucumber plant c.v. jamila. The experiment was conducted of factorial in design using (C.R.D) with three replicates. Results showed the treatment spray of three times significantly on the treatment spray two times when imported  plant length rate (291.4) cm ,the number of leaves (36.63) leaf and dry weight of the shoot (25.76) gm , fruit long (17.98) cm , fruit weight (109.27) gm and the number of fruits (11.80) fruit.plant-1 and the one plant yield (1.294)kg. the results also showed all the treatment of spray significantly in vegetative growth and fruiting characteristics as compared with control treatment. the results of the interaction the significant superiority of the treatment spray of three times on the level 2 ml. liter-1 plant length rate (311.3) cm ,the number of leaves (40.71) leaf and dry weight of the shoot (32.09) gm , fruit long (19.34) cm , fruit weight (116.06) gm and the number of fruits (12.97) fruit.plant-1 and the one plant yield (1.506)kg

Differential Dynamics of Activity Changes in Dorsolateral and Dorsomedial Striatal Loops during Learning

The basal ganglia are implicated in a remarkable range of functions influencing emotion and cognition as well as motor behavior. Current models of basal ganglia function hypothesize that parallel limbic, associative, and motor cortico-basal ganglia loops contribute to this diverse set of functions, but little is yet known about how these loops operate and how their activities evolve during learning. To address these issues, we recorded simultaneously in sensorimotor and associative regions of the striatum as rats learned different versions of a conditional T-maze task. We found highly contrasting patterns of activity in these regions during task performance and found that these different patterns of structured activity developed concurrently, but with sharply different dynamics. Based on the region-specific dynamics of these patterns across learning, we suggest a working model whereby dorsomedial associative loops can modulate the access of dorsolateral sensorimotor loops to the control of action.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (MH60379)United States. Office of Naval Research (N000140410208)Stanley H. and Sheila G. Sydney FundEuropean Union (Grant 201716)McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT (Fellowship

A finite element method for time fractional partial differential equations

Fractional differential equations, particularly fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) have many applications in areas such as diffusion processes, electromagnetics, electrochemistry, material science and turbulent flow. There are lots of work for the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for fractional partial differential equations. In recent years, people start to consider the numerical methods for solving fractional partial differential equation. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method and the spectral method. In this dissertation, we mainly consider the finite element method, for the time fractional partial differential equation. We consider both time discretization and space discretization. We obtain the optimal error estimates both in time and space. The numerical examples demonstrate that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results

Investigating the Security of EV Charging Mobile Applications As an Attack Surface

The adoption rate of EVs has witnessed a significant increase in recent years driven by multiple factors, chief among which is the increased flexibility and ease of access to charging infrastructure. To improve user experience, increase system flexibility and commercialize the charging process, mobile applications have been incorporated into the EV charging ecosystem. EV charging mobile applications allow consumers to remotely trigger actions on charging stations and use functionalities such as start/stop charging sessions, pay for usage, and locate charging stations, to name a few. In this paper, we study the security posture of the EV charging ecosystem against remote attacks, which exploit the insecurity of the EV charging mobile applications as an attack surface. We leverage a combination of static and dynamic analysis techniques to analyze the security of widely used EV charging mobile applications. Our analysis of 31 widely used mobile applications and their interactions with various components such as the cloud management systems indicate the lack of user/vehicle verification and improper authorization for critical functions, which lead to remote (dis)charging session hijacking and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against the EV charging station. Indeed, we discuss specific remote attack scenarios and their impact on the EV users. More importantly, our analysis results demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging existing vulnerabilities across various EV charging mobile applications to perform wide-scale coordinated remote charging/discharging attacks against the connected critical infrastructure (e.g., power grid), with significant undesired economical and operational implications. Finally, we propose counter measures to secure the infrastructure and impede adversaries from performing reconnaissance and launching remote attacks using compromised accounts

Feasibility of adding magnesium to intrathecal fentanyl in pediatric cardiac surgery

AbstractBackgroundMagnesium is (NMDA) receptor antagonist used as an adjuvant for postoperative analgesia. There are several studies comparing the efficacy of the different routes of administration of magnesium. We aimed to study the effects of adding magnesium to IT fentanyl on peri-operative analgesic requirements after elective pediatric cardiac surgery.MethodsThis prospective double controlled randomized study (closed envelop method) included eighty pediatric patients subjected to elective open cardiac surgery. They were randomly allocated into four equal groups (20 patients each): (A) control group (i.v. fentanyl), (B) intrathecal fentanyl group (ITF) (received IT 1μg/kg of fentanyl), (C) intrathecal fentanyl and magnesium (0.5mg/kg) group (received IT 1μg/kg of fentanyl citrate and 0.5mg/kg magnesium sulfate), and (D) intrathecal fentanyl magnesium (1mg) group (received IT 1μg/kg of fentanyl citrate, and 1mg/kg magnesium sulphate). The perioperative anesthetic management was standardized.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that the analgesic profile tended to be better with ITF, ITF-Mg 0.5mg/kg and ITF-Mg 1mg/kg groups than the control group. Also, intraoperative fentanyl used in ITF-Mg (1mg) was statistically less as compared with ITF and ITF-Mg (0.5mg) groups. Time to extubation (h) was surprisingly, shorter in ITF-Mg (1mg) as compared with ITF and control groups. Also, postoperative intravenous fentanyl consumption μg/kg/24h was more in control group as compared with other groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, the use of intrathecal fentanyl-magnesium (1mg/kg) in pediatric patients subjected to open cardiac surgery reduced intra and postoperative analgesic consumption, prolonged the time to first analgesic requirement and allowed early tracheal extubation when compared with intravenous fentanyl, intrathecal fentanyl or intrathecal fentanyl-magnesium (0.5mg/kg)