12 research outputs found

    中华医学会会议论文集

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    &lt;正&gt;目的调查中国老年人群认知障碍及情绪障碍患病率,建立全国性老年常见心理问题的评估工具常模。方法在全国8省市共15个参研单位,用中央随机的方法对60岁以上人群进行随机抽样。收集一般资料、现病史、既往史,进行体检及神经系统检查。由经一致性培训的心理测评员进行简明精神状态检查(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估&nbsp;</p

    Methodology of China's national study on the evaluation, early recognition, and treatment of psychological problems in the elderly: the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS)

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    认知和抑郁障是中国老年人常见的心理障碍,已成为严重的公共卫生问题,主要原因是快速的老龄化。为解决这一问题,中国政府资助了一项重大研究,以建立老年人常见心理障碍的早期识别、评估和非药物治疗标准。本文介绍了此研究的总体方法学。来自于8个省市的15个研究中心将从60岁以上老年人群中招募有代表性的研究样本,收集详细的病史资料,完成躯体和神经系统检查,进行全套神经心理测验和临床评定量表评估,采用DSM-IV定式临床访谈作出诊断。初始评估结束后第1年和第3年,将对研究对象进行随访评估。轻度认知损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和亚临床抑郁者会被纳入随机对照研究,接受认知训练(MCI者)或团体认知行为治疗(亚临床抑郁者)。研究结果将用于估计老年入的认知和情感障碍的患病率,制定标准的筛查程序在全国推广应用,并促进采用针对性的干预措施来预防MCI发展为痴呆及老年亚临床抑郁进展为抑郁症。Summary: Cognitive and depressive disorders are common in elderly Chinese and are becoming an increasingly important public health problem, partly because of the rapid aging of the population. To help address this issue China's national government has funded a major study to establish national standards for the early identifica- tion, evaluation and treatment of common psychological disorders in the elderly. The present paper describes the overall methodology of this study. Fifteen centers in eight provinces will recruit representative samples of subjects aged 60 and over, collect a detailed history, conduct a physical and neurological examination, ad- minister a comprehensive battery of psychological tests, and carry out a diagnostic exam using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). These subjects will participate in follow-up evaluations one year and three years after the initial evaluation. Subsamples of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subclinical depression wilt be enrolled in randomized controlled trials of a cognitive training program (for MCI) or group cognitive behavioral therapy (for subclinical depression). The results of the study will be used to estimate the prevalence of cognitive and affective disorders in the elderly, to develop a standard screening procedure for these conditions that can be promulgated nationally, and to promote the use of specific interventions that can prevent the development of dementia in persons with MCI and the development of depressive episodes in elderly individuals with subclinical depression

    阿尔金山-昆仑山鸟类区系调查/Survey of Avifauna in Kunlun and Altun Mountains[J]

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    2010~2012年连续3年调查新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区及周边包括昆仑山、祁曼塔格山、库木库里盆地的鸟类资源.共录得鸟类16目38科90属166种,约占新疆鸟类总数的36.6%.其中,金腰燕(Hirundo daurica)、冕柳莺(Phylloscopus coronatus)、日本松雀鹰(Accipiter gularis)为新疆首次记录.考察区介于青藏区与蒙新区之间,鸟类区系特点表现为高地型(23种,占13.9%)与中亚型(约49种,占29.9%)相互渗透,而北方型(69种,占42.1%)虽然排在首位,但多数是旅鸟,东洋型(1种,占0.6%)的种类比较罕见.依协克帕提湿地是鸟类的一个繁殖地,也是迁徙的重要驿站

    繁殖期荒漠鸟类群落与自然植被的相关格局/The Correlation Pattern between Breeding Desert Bird Communities and Natural Vegetation in Fukang, Xinjiang[J]

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    为探讨植被结构和物种组成对鸟类群落多度分布的影响,于2010年5~8月,在阜康地区所涵盖的显域植被梯度带(梭梭、琵琶柴及蒿属荒漠)内分别布设3~4条样线,调查繁殖鸟类群落多度分布及植被参数.借助平均高度和盖度反映植被结构,平均物种数目反映植物组成.从鸟类群落中抽取显著正相关鸟种组合及狭分布鸟种组合,将不同的鸟类组合与植被参数代入DCCA排序和Spearman秩相关分析,结果如下:(1)繁殖期鸟类群落对植被结构的响应较大,累积解释量达50.6%,灌木盖度与第一轴的相关系数为-0.998,草本高度与第二轴的相关系数为-0.479;且受植被水平异质性的影响大于垂直异质性.(2)显著正相关鸟种组合对植被结构的响应比繁殖期鸟类群落更大,累积解释量达64.4%,灌木盖度与第一轴的相关系数为-0.997,草本高度与第二轴的相关系数为-0.480;对植物组成的依赖性降低,草本平均物种数目与第二轴的相关性由-0.425变为-0.285.(3)狭分布鸟种组合受植物组成的响应大于植被结构,累积解释量达52.6%,灌木平均物种数目与第一轴的相关系数-0.997,草本平均物种数目与第二轴的相关系数为0.653.本研究支持鸟类群落对植被结构和植物组成的响应归于尺度效应的观点,并推测:在荒漠区,广布鸟种的栖息地选择偏向于植被结构,而狭布鸟种偏向于植物组成,尤其是草本平均物种数目.广布鸟种与狭布鸟种在鸟类群落中的比例,决定了鸟类群落对植被的具体响应

    新疆阜康荒漠区不同生境鸟类群落的季节变化/Seasonal changes of bird communities in different habitats hi desert region of Fukang, Xinjiang[J]

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    从2009年3月-2010年2月,在新疆准噶尔盆地阜康荒漠区采用样线法对比研究自然和人工生境鸟类群落的季节变化.共调查到鸟类147种,隶属17目、38科、90属,其中,夏候鸟占总数量的49.8%、留鸟31.1%、过境鸟(旅鸟)13.2%、冬候鸟5.9%,表明研究区主栖夏候鸟.留鸟占总物种数的13.9%,在各类生境中均有分布,相对于其他居留型的鸟类,留鸟更可能成为该生境的优势种;湖泊拥有最高的鸟类α多样性指数(4.861)和物种数(106种),是荒漠区夏候鸟栖息或停歇的重要场所;以Morisita相似性指数0.5为界,将不同生境分为湖泊、荒漠和农田3大类,前二者属于自然生境,其季节周转率以春夏季最高,之后持续下降;农田吸引了68.5%的冬候鸟个体,其季节周转率以春夏季最低(0.934),夏秋季最高(1.154).沙枣林带的保留和种植对提高阜康荒漠区农田冬候鸟多样性至关重要

    罗布泊野骆驼自然保护区的鸟类记录/The Record of Birds in the Lopnur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve[J]

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    摘要:2010~2011年考察队分3个阶段调查罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区的鸟类,采用直接计数法,结合路线调查法,记录野鸟123种。汇集以往资料,共统计到鸟类197种。涉及到19目46科109属,约占新疆鸟类种数的43%。其中的北鹨(Anthus gustavi)、红胸鸲(Erithacus rubecula)、黄雀(Carduelis spinus)为新疆鸟类新纪录种。受国家重点保护的物种达40种,占全部种类21%。区系分析,以耐旱的中亚型为主,计71种,占36%;古北型(57种)或全北型(26种)合计83种,占42%,比例虽大,但以旅鸟为多,并不具备优势。高地型约15种,占8%,多分布在阿尔金山及其北麓,属于青藏高原的特殊类型。其余为广布种,占10%以上

    黑颈鹤在新疆罗布泊和昆仑山分布及种群状况/Distribution and Population State of Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis in Lop Nur and Kunlun Mts.,Southern Xinjiang[J]

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    黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)俗称"吐尔那",在新疆罕见,主要分布在与西藏和青海接壤的阿尔金山、昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山区.作者1985~2010年间在若羌(祁曼塔格、东昆仑山、阿尔金山)、且末(吐拉牧场、车尔臣河流域)、和田(阿克赛钦湖)、墨玉、皮山(喀拉喀什河流域)、叶城(叶尔羌河流域)等地记录到黑颈鹤.采用直接计数法和问卷调查法,2003年秋季在阿尔金山保护区统计到约137只的迁徙集群,全疆种群数量估计180~220只.2010年5月18日,在罗布泊洼地(N 40°19′,E 9°158′,海拔790 m)首次记录到黑颈鹤栖息,这可能是目前黑颈鹤分布的最北端,也是海拔最低和极端干旱区域的一个纪录.历史上是否有分布,尚不得而知.这意味着,对这一青藏高原特有物种生存领地的认识向北扩展了2~3个纬度.本文对以往的记录提出质疑

    Variations in the Upper Paleolithic adaptations of North China: A review of the evidence and implications for the onset of food production

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    JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay pνˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

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    The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in pνˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via pνˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is 9.6×10339.6 \times 10^{33} years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel
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