Degradation and Decolorization of Textile Wastewater by a Combined System of Alkaliphile Bacteria and Fungi

本研究针对印染废水染料脱色难助剂降解难两方面的问题展开微生物筛选和脱色处理研究。利用实验室已经获得的能够对多种染料高效降解的真菌菌群构建脱色反应系统，研究系统的脱色条件、脱色性能和稳定性；通过利用印染废水各工段的排水进行碱性条件下聚乙烯醇（PVA）降解菌群的富集筛选，并利用所获得的嗜碱细菌菌群构建嗜碱细菌－真菌集成脱色处理系统，在实验室小试和现场中试两个水平上研究集成系统对实际印染废水的处理效果，并结合传统微生物培养、电镜观察和现代分子生物学手段深入研究了筛选菌群在开放条件下对印染废水的适应性，为本研究进一步推广应用奠定基础。 构建了实验室规模的以真菌为主的染料脱色反应系统，实现了筛选微生物...In this thesis, color decolorizing and additives degrading microorganisms were screened and textile wastewater treatment was studied aiming at the two difficult problems in the treatment of this kind of effluents. A decolorizing system with high efficiency was established using the fungal consortia obtained by the laborotry. The running conditions and process, working mechanism and decolorization ...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：B20043401

Analysis about the Application of Membrane Separation Technique in Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment

本文介绍了膜分离技术及其特点,对膜分离技术进行了分类,同时阐述了液膜、电渗析、微滤、超滤、反渗透和纳滤膜分离技术在重金属废水中的研究和应用情况。This paper briefly introduces and classifies the membrane separation technology and their characteristics,at the same time it expound the studies and the applications of liquid membrane,Electro dialysis,Micro filtration,Ultra filtration,Reverse Osmosis,Nanofiltration which we think they are routine membrane separation technology for heavy metal wastewater treatment

Methods and practice of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment by a highly efficient aerobic biological process

通过用高效好氧生物法处理某厂印染废水的工程实例证明,处理后的废水COd去除率达到93.6%,bOd5去除率达到93.9%,出水水质能够满足gb4287—1992《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》二级标准的要求。该工程工艺的优点为:基建费用低,空气氧转化利用率高,容积负荷和污泥负荷高,剩余污泥量少,抗冲击负荷能力强,系统操作简便灵活。The case study of textile wastewater treatment by a highly efficient aerobic biological process in a dyeing and printing plant indicates that the removal rates of the COD and BOD5 of the treated wastewater have reached the Grade Ⅱ Standard of Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Industry (GB 4287—1992) - they are 93.6% and 93.9%, respectively.The process has the following advantages: low cost of construction, high transformation and utilization rates of oxygen, high loads of cubage and sludge, little residual sludge production, strong resistance to impact and easy operation

Research progression of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals

目的了解环境内分泌干扰物潜在的健康和生态效应。方法查阅本领域国内外文献并进行综述。结果环境内分泌干扰物主要是通过人类的生产和生活活动排放到环境中的有机污染物,通过干扰生物或人体内保持自身平衡和调节发育过程天然激素的合成、分泌、运输、结合、反应和代谢等,从而对生物或人体的生殖、神经和免疫系统等的功能产生影响,使人类、家畜和野生物种的健康遭受不利影响。结论环境内分泌干扰物的快速筛选方法、剂量一效应关系、生物指标体系、模式动物是环境内分泌干扰物研究急需解决的几个主要问题。Objective To explore the potential health and ecological effect of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals( EDCs).Methods Some domestic and foreign latest articles in the subjects were serched and reviewed.Results The EDCs are organic contaminant that are discharged by production and living activity of human. Having influence on generate,nerveous and immune system of living being and human being and having adverse effect on heath of human being ,domestic animal and wild species through interfering self balance and regulating synthesis, secretion,transportion,combination,reaction and metabolism in development.Conclusion The fast screening technicke ,dose-effect relation,being living index system,mode animal of EDCs are emergency to be solved in the research

Environmental Behavior of Organic Pollutants by Molecular Luminescence

[中文文摘]荧光光谱法作为一种测定痕量有机化合物和生化物质的高灵敏度和高选择性的测试手段 ,因其操作简单、运行成本低和非破坏性 ,在环境科学等方面得到了广泛的应用 .本文介绍了荧光光谱法研究PAHs与溶解态有机物间相互作用、同步荧光法研究溶解态PAHs的生物降解、荧光分析法直接研究溶解态PAHs的光降解以及用同步荧光法测定鱼胆汁中PAHs的代谢产物等几方面的工作 ,展示了荧光光谱法用于研究有机污染物的环境行为的应用前景。[英文文摘]As a high sensitive and relatively high selective method for determining the trace organic and biochemical compounds, the fluorometry has been widely applied in studies on environmental science due to its simplicity, low cost, and non-destructivity. The applications of fluorometry to the study on the environmental behavior of organic pollutants, including the study on the interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and dissolved organic matter by fluorometry, monitoring of biodegradation processes of pyrene(Py) by synchronous fluorometry , direct study of photolysis of dissolved PAHs by fluorometry and determination of 12hydroxy pyrene (12HP) in fish bile by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry were summarized. Experimental results showed that great future prospects of applications of fluorometry to the study on the environmental behavior of organic pollutants were demonstrated.国家自然科学基金项目 (20377035

Applications of the combination of biological and chemical oxidation process to wastewater treatment

工程实践证明,某化工企业高浓度有机含盐废水,经过蒸发脱盐预处理后,再用高效生物和臭氧氧化组合方法进行处理,其处理效果良好,处理后废水的COd去除率达到96.1%,出水符合《污水综合排放标准》(gb 8978—1996)中的二级标准。该组合工艺对高浓度可生化性较差的有机废水处理有一定的应用价值。It has been proved from the engineering practice that the use of combination of highly efficient biological and ozone oxidation method has good effects on the pretreatment of highly concentrated saline organic wastewater through evaporation of desalination in a chemical industry.The removal rate of the COD in the treated wastewater can reach 96.1%,and the water quality of effluent meets the requirements of the second class of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978—1996).The combinated process is of value to the treatment of organic wastewater with high concentration and low biodegradability

Room Temperature Phosphorescence of α-Bromonaphthalene Induced by β-Cyclodextrin in the Presence of Hexahydropyridine

[中文摘要]微量六氢吡啶(HHP)存在下,由于三元包络物α-溴代萘(-αB rN)/β-环糊精(-βCD)/HHP的形成,不经除氧就可观察到强而稳定的室温磷光(RTP)发射。详细研究了温度、pH值以及形成包络物的3种组分物质的浓度的变化对体系RTP的影响。在优化实验条件下,体系的RTP强度与-αB rN的浓度在2.0~20.0μmol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,α-B rN的检出限3.7×10-8mol/L。将所建方法用于合成样品中-αB rN的测定,实验结果表明该方法的加标回收率为92.4%;相对标准偏差小于1.57%(n=7)。[英文摘要]A strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) emission was observed from the ternary inclusion complex of α-bromonaphthalene(α-BrN)/β-cyclodextrin(β-CD)/hexahydropyridine(HHP) without deoxygenation from solution in the presence of micro amount of HHP.The effects of temperature,pH values and the variation of concentrations of each component on RTP had been investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the analytical curve of α-BrN gives a liner dynamic range of 2.0-20.0 μmol/L with a detection limit of 3. 7 ×10- 8 mol/L. The experimental results demonstrated that the recovery of the proposed method was 92.4% with a relative standard deviation less than 1. 57% ( n = 7).国家自然科学基金资助项目(No20577037

Room temperature phosphorescence of alpha-bromonaphthalene induced by beta-cyclodextrin in the presence of hexahydropyridine

A strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission. was observed from: the ternary inclusion complex of alpha-bromonaphthalene (alpha-BrN)/beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)/hexahydropyridine (HHP) without deoxygenation from solution in the presence of micro amount of HHP. The effects of temperature, pH values and the variation of concentrations of each component on RTP had been investigated. Under, the optimal conditions, the analytical curve of alpha-BrN gives a liner dynamic range of 2.0 - 20.0 mu mol/L with a detection limit of 3.7 x 10(-8) mol/L. The experimental results demonstrated that the recovery of the proposed method was 92.4% with a relative standard deviation less than 1.57% (n =7)

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials