Key Techniques and Applied Research on Engineering Vehicles' Noise Reduction, Energy Saving and Acoustic Comfort

当前，噪声已经成为衡量工程机械装备性能的一个重要指标。市场要求越来越高，相关的国家标准、国际标准日益严格。随着大功率产品的不断发展，整机噪声随之增加和热流密度不断提高，过低的冷却空气流量已满足不了发动机的热平衡要求，整机工作热流密度与逐渐降低的噪声限值的矛盾日益突出。同时，随着人们生活质量和品质追求的提高，整机声学舒适性也逐渐备受关注，对噪声的控制由最初的满足限值要求将转向声学舒适性的研究。因此，我国工程机械要发展并跻身世界市场，必须解决整机存在噪声偏大、热流密度高和声学舒适性差的共性问题。 针对以上问题，本文围绕工程车辆的噪声源分离与识别方法、多物理场耦合作用下降噪节能优化技术和声品质评价...At present, noise has become an important index to evaluate the performance of engineering machinery and equipment. Under the background of more higher market requires and stricter relevant international standards and the high power products continuously develop, the machine noise increases and heat flow density enhances unceasingly. The low cooling air flow can't satisfy the engine heat balance r...学位：工学博士院系专业：航空航天学院_机械制造及其自动化学号：1992013015421

Sound Quality Analysis and Prediction Modeling of Forklift Trucks Based on Grey System Theory

为了研究灰色系统理论在声品质预测建模方面应用的有效性,对5款3吨位叉车在怠速和额定转速工况下的30个车内外辐射噪声样本进行了研究。以烦躁度为主观评价指标,采用等级评分法进行了主观评价实验。运用Artemi S软件分析计算了主要心理声学客观参数。选取了响度、尖锐度、粗糙度和抖动度为主要分析对象;运用灰色系统理论算法分析了烦躁度与心理学客观参数的相关性,得到各相关系数。证明了所取心理学客观参数与烦躁度之间具有较高的相关性。基于灰色系统理论的GM（0,N）模型,建立了烦躁度的预测模型,并对预测模型进行了误差检验。结果表明基于灰色系统理论所建立的烦躁度预测模型具有较高的精度,即预测值能够较接近人的主观感受。To discuss the application effectiveness of grey system theory in sound quality prediction modeling, 30 radiation noise samples of 5 different 3 tonnage forklifts under the conditions of idle and rated speed were taken as the research object, and subjective evaluation experiment was carried out with grading method taking annoyance as subjective evaluation index;the primary objective psychology acoustical parameters were calculated with ArtemiS, and the loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation were selected as the main analysis object;by using the grey system theory, the correlation between the annoyance and the objective parameters of psychology was analyzed, and the correlation coefficient was obtained;it was proved that the correlation between the objective parameters and the annoyance was high.Based on the GM（0,N） model of grey system theory, the prediction model of annoyance was established, and the error test of the prediction model was carried out;results showed that the prediction model based on grey system theory had higher accuracy, that was to say and the prediction of value was more close to human＆#39;s subjective feelings.福建省科技重大专项（2015HZ0002）资

视网膜显微手术机器人的约束运动规划及仿真

为了辅助医生完成视网膜显微手术中精细的手术操作,过滤颤抖、提高精度和稳定性,提出一种生成手术机器人空间运动约束的方法——虚拟固定器(VF).首先,通过引入手术环境约束和任务约束,采用加权、线性化的多目标约束条件,根据用户的输入设置目标函数,构造了视网膜显微手术中所需的6个虚拟固定器基元.在此基础上,以远程运动中心虚拟约束(RCM VF)的生成为例,通过约束运动基元的组合,推导了复杂约束运动的实现方法.各约束运动基元算法及复杂约束运动算法的仿真结果表明,手术器械可以按照虚拟固定器的定义实现特定的约束运动.最后,在各手术步骤中引入约束运动基元的基础上,在乒乓球和离体猪眼球上进行了手术操作实验,证明了在该虚拟固定器的引导下,视网膜机器人可以完成高难度的手术操作,验证了所提出算法的合理性和有效性.国家自然科学基金(51175013);;福建省高校青年自然基金青年重点项目(JZ160493

Hypermesh-based modal analysis on hydraulic hammer working devices

挖掘机式液压破碎锤在实际作业时受力状况复杂,剧烈的冲击振动会使某些关键部件因共振而破损,需要对整个工作装置进行动态特性分析.采用PrO/E对某款液压破碎锤工作装置的三种经典工况进行三维装配建模,利用HyPErMESH建立其有限元模型.通过模态分析,获得整个工作装置的固有频率和主要振型,并从共振规避的角度,得到发动机的危险转速和破碎锤活塞危险周期的理论计算值,在分析结构系统薄弱环节的基础上,提出整个工作装置的改进方案.Due to the complicated loading conditions during practical operations of hydraulic hammers,the violent attacking vibration produces resonances towards key component broken.With dynamic property analysis on entire working device,the 3Dassembly models are established using Pro/ETMfor three typical working conditions, whereas relevant finite element models are constructed via HypermeshTM.Through modal analysis,the inherent and major frequency forms are obtained.From the resonance avoidance viewpoint,the theoretical calculation values of engine dangerous rotary speed and cylinder dangerous period are obtained.Based on the weakness analysis on structural system,an improvement scheme for working device is postulated.国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAF07B04

Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia comorbid with depression and chronic insomnia alone

目的分析失眠认知行为疗法(cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia,CBT-i)对失眠伴抑郁患者以及单纯失眠患者的疗效。方法71例符合失眠症诊断的患者,根据贝克抑郁量表(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)得分分为单纯失眠组(<14分,33例)和失眠伴抑郁组(≥14分,38例)。2组患者每天填写睡眠日记,并给予8周标准的CBT-i治疗,在治疗前(基线)、治疗第4周、治疗第8周、治疗结束后4周(第3个月)、治疗结束后16周(第6个月)采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、失眠严重程度指数(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)、BDI、贝克焦虑量表(Beck Anxiety Inventory,BAI)、SF-36健康调查简表对2组患者睡眠质量、抑郁焦虑程度、个人健康状况等进行评估,采用独立样本t检验进行组间比较,采用重复测量方差分析进行各时间点组内比较。结果与基线时比较,单纯失眠组和失眠伴抑郁组第8周、第3个月和6个月随访时入睡潜伏期、睡眠效率、PSQI、ISI、BDI、BAI、SF-36组内比较差异均有统计学意义。失眠伴抑郁组较单纯失眠组在基线、第8周、第3个月和6个月随访时BAI(t=-6.340、-3.301、-3.511、-2.982)、SF-36(t=4.162、3.195、2.022、3.629)评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05),2组ISI评分在第6个月随访时差异有统计学意义(7.3±4.6)分与(4.7±3.4)分,t=-2.044,P=0.048。2组入睡潜伏期和睡眠效率以及PSQI的评分在第8周、第3个月和6个月随访时与基线的变化量差异均无统计学意义;而2组BAI、BDI评分在第8周与第3个月和6个月随访时与基线的变化量差异有统计学意义。结论CBT-i对失眠伴抑郁患者和单纯失眠患者均有效,且可以缓解失眠伴抑郁患者的抑郁症状以及改善患者生活质量

STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXCAVATOR ENGINE HOOD BASED ON MODAL ANALYSIS

挖掘机发动机罩通常由薄板件与加强筋通过焊接而成。在发动机和路面的激励作用下,其薄板结构容易产生严重的振动响应,直接导致结构某些薄弱位置的变形、开裂等问题。利用HyperWorks软件建立了某型挖掘机发动机罩有限元模型,对其进行了模态分析,得到了其在自由状态下的前四阶固有频率及振型,并通过模态实验验证了仿真结果的准确性。依据实验与数值模态分析结果,对该发动机罩进行了结构优化。与原结构相比,优化后发动机罩刚度有所提高,典型振型的最大变形量大幅降低,其动态性能得到明显改善。Excavator engine hoods are usually formed by welding sheet parts and stiffeners together. Under the incentives of engine and road,the sheet parts are easy to produce serious vibrational response,which directly results in the deformation and the cracking of some weak positions of the structure. The finite element model of an excavator engine hood was established and modal analysis was conducted by using Hyper Works software. Its first four order natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes in free state were obtained. The accuracy of the simulation results were verified by a modal experiment. Based on the results of the modal experiment and the modal analysis,the structure of the engine hood was optimized. Comparing with the original structure,the stiffness of the optimized engine hood increased and the maximum deformation of typical modes decreased significantly,which indicates that its dynamic performance improves obviously.国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAF07B04);; 福建省自然科学基金计划项目(2014J01210)资助~

Study on the Nano Diamond Stable Water Disperse System and Applying in Composite Chromium Plating

研究纳米金刚石水基稳定分散体系的组成及分散操作工艺.以低泡沫磺酸基阴离子表面活性剂作分散活化剂,比较了各种机械搅拌方式对体系稳定性的影响,并以复合镀铬作应用试验.测定了纳米金刚石复合镀铬的镀层沉积速率,镀层硬度,耐磨性等参数,由SEM观察镀层晶态结构图像.列举了试验结果、测试数据及复合镀铬的工艺条件,并对实验结果及机理进行了分析探讨.The nano diamond stable water disperse system was studied.The low-bublles sulfonic anion sufcace active agent had been choosed out for this system.The affect of different physics agitation mothed on the water separate system stablity were conpared.The nano diamond stable water separate system had been applied to the composite chromium electroplating on this tests.The depositing speed,hardnees and wearing capacity of plating layer were tested.And the metallography structure of plating layer was charasterized by SEM.The test results and reaction princeple were discussed.作者联系地址：青岛大学应用技术学院,青岛大学应用技术学院,青岛大学应用技术学院,山东黄金集团公司金凯驰纳米科技公司,山东黄金集团公司金凯驰纳米科技公司,山东黄金集团公司金凯驰纳米科技公司 山东青岛266061,山东青岛266061,山东青岛266061,山东济南250000,山东济南250000,山东济南250000Author's Address: 1.Qingdao University Technology College,Qingdao 266061,Shandong,China,2.Shandong Gold Group Co.,Jinan 250000,Chin

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel