多波长萤光分光光度法(二)——萤光黄、罗丹明6G和罗丹明B三组分混合物的测定

本文叙述了应用多波长萤光分光光度法测定人工样品中的萤光黄、罗丹明6G和罗丹明B_。于波长502nm直接测量萤光黄的萤光强度,罗丹明6G和罗丹明B均不干扰;罗丹明6G的测定波长λ_1为555nm,参比波长λ_2和λ_3为502nm和660nm,罗丹明B的测定波长λ_1选用585nm,参比波长λ_2、λ_4和λ_3相应为538nm、508nm和494nm,方法的相对误差一般小于6%。作者于前文叙述了多波长萤光分光光度法的原理,为了验证该原理的可靠性,特对萤光黄、罗丹明6G和罗丹明B人工混合样品进行实测。结果表明,方法原理可靠,实验操作和数据处理简便快速,三次测定平均偏差<3%

AFM微探针在FIB制备透射电镜样品中的应用

制备目标材料的高质量透射电镜样品对透射电镜测试表征和结果分析具有决定性作用。聚焦离子束技术由于其微观定位选区制样的优势在透射电镜样品制备上已有一定应用。但对于一些特殊的样品,由于窗帘效应的影响,普通传统的聚焦离子束制样减薄方法存在远端薄区极易弯曲断裂和薄区厚度不均匀的问题。本文介绍了一种以原子力显微镜的微探针作为载体,在FIB制备透射电镜样品的过程中,将样品进行旋转的操作方法。该方法操作简单,实用性强,通过该方法可改变离子束在样品上的入射方向,从而消除窗帘效应的影响,获得厚度均匀的样品薄区

基于红外相机的福建安溪云中山省级自然保护区鸟兽多样性研究

福建安溪云中山省级自然保护区地处福建省安溪县西北部，是戴云山脉东南的延伸，生物资源丰富。为调查该保护区的鸟兽生物多样性本底，2018—2023年，在保护区内布设106台红外相机进行生物多样性监测，共采集37 003个相机工作日，获得独立有效照片18 719张，其中兽类10 172张，鸟类8 547张。经鉴定，共记录到野生动物14目40科77种，其中兽类5目12科20种，鸟类9目28科57种。国家一级重点保护野生动物3种，即黄腹角雉（Tragopan caboti）、白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）和小灵猫（Viverricula indica），国家二级重点保护野生动物13种，即白鹇（Lophura nycthemera）、白眉山鹧鸪（Arborophila gingica）、松雀鹰（Accipiter virgatus）、凤头鹰（A.trivirgatus）、林雕（Ictinaetus malaiensis）、鹰雕（Nisaetus nipalensis）、褐翅鸦鹃（Centropus sinensis）、领角鸮（Otus lettia）、褐林鸮（Strix leptogrammica）、红头咬鹃（Harpactes erythrocephalus）、豹猫（Prionailurus bengalensis）、猕猴（Macaca mulatta）和中华鬣羚（Capricornis milneedwardsii）。鸟类相对丰富度指数前5位的依次是白鹇、白眉山鹧鸪、黑领噪鹛（Pterorhinus pectoralis）、紫啸鸫（Myophonus caeruleus）和虎斑地鸫（Zoothera aurea）。国家重点保护鸟类的相对丰富度由高到低依次为白鹇、白眉山鹧鸪、白颈长尾雉、红头咬鹃、松雀鹰、领角鸮、黄腹角雉、鹰雕、凤头鹰、林雕、褐翅鸦鹃和褐林鸮。兽类中相对丰富度指数最高的前5位依次为小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）、野猪（Sus scrofa）、花面狸（Paguma larvata）、赤腹松鼠（Callosciurus erythraeus）和食蟹獴（Herpestes urva）。国家重点保护兽类相对丰富度由高到低依次为豹猫、中华鬣羚、猕猴和小灵猫。通过此次调查研究，基本查清了云中山保护区的鸟类、兽类生物多样性现状，可为未来开展系统调查监测和制定保护管理措施提供数据基础和科学依据

基于对称双阴极结构固体氧化物燃料电池的快速热稳定性

研究了基于对称双阴极结构电池堆单元和电池短堆从室温到运行温度的多次快速升降温的热稳定性性能。结果显示:由于新结构电池可进行阴极侧电子收集的2次施压操作,且快速升降温后电池堆单元和电池短堆性能维持稳定并还略有上升。因此,无论是电池堆单元还是电池短堆,该结构的电池具有良好的热稳定性与可拆卸的电子收集功能。这种可承受快速升降温和可拆卸电子收集与2次施压的特性为对称双阴极结构电池的快速启动、重复再利用打下了基础,是大面积固体氧化物燃料电池的新型特性,在某些特殊领域具有较强的应用潜质

溶剂萃取-气相色谱／质谱法分析烟草中的主要甾醇

烟草中的甾醇类物质主要有胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇等，这些甾醇的结构中都含有羟基（结构式见图1），热解时其母体的多环结构可形成稠环芳烃，因此烟草中的甾醇是一种潜在的影响人体健康的物质，故对甾醇种类和含量进行分析对卷烟的配方研究具有参考价值

桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿种群现状

梅花鹿南方亚种被IUCN濒危物种红皮书列为濒危级,仅分布于安徽南部、江西东北部和浙江西北部,分布区域日益萎缩,分布区之间隔离程度较大。江西桃红岭是该亚种分布区之一,为保护该亚种,1981年成立桃红岭自然保护区,2001年升级为国家级自然保护区。为了解桃红岭野生梅花鹿现生种群数量,评估保护区过去30 a的保护成效,我们于2011年秋季采用直接计数的广义样线法开展梅花鹿种群调查。调查结果表明,保护区内梅花鹿数量为365只,密度为2.92只/km2,近年来梅花鹿种群增长较慢。经过30 a的保护,该保护区自然植被正在演替恢复。然而,当地的顶级植物群落可能并不是梅花鹿的适宜生境。因此,近年来,梅花鹿向保护区外扩散趋势明显,由此带来的各种管理问题值得关注

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements