Study on genomic transcriptional profile and functional genes of shrimp white spot bacilliform virus

对虾白斑杆状病毒(WhitespotbacilliformvirusWSBV)，或称白斑综合症病毒(WhitespotsyndromevirusWSSV)，是对虾养殖业最主要的病原。是一种具有囊膜的、无包涵体的、类杆状双链环状DNA病毒。分子生物学特征显示，WSBV不属于杆状病毒，分类待定。感染病毒的对虾在3-7天时间内死亡率可达90%-100%。WSBV具有广泛的宿主，包括许多甲壳类动物，并感染宿主大部分组织，对病毒的防治研究带来困难。近年来，感染范围已经波及到世界范围。对生态环境也存在潜在的威胁。WSBV全基因组序列为305,107bp，对WSBV进行全面并具有针对性的研究是解决病害的关键...Shrimp white spot bacilliform virus (WSBV), also called white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is the heaviest pathogen to shrimp culture. It is an enveloped, non-occluded, bacilliform and circular dsDNA virus. WSBV is unclassified for the lack of molecular information and considered at a specific taxonomic position. Infection of penaeid shrimp by WSBV can result in mortality up to 90 to 100% within 3 ...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_动物学学号：B20002600

An Early Time-course Study on the Infection and Proliferation of Shrimp White Spot Bacilliform Virus with Quantitative PCR

对虾白斑杆状病毒又称白斑综合症病毒,是对虾养殖业危害最严重的病原体,至今未找到有效的防治方法.充分了解病毒的分子生物学特性和分子致病机理,是病害防治的根本途径,了解病毒的动态增殖特征是该研究的基础.本文采用定量PCR技术,研究对虾白斑杆状病毒人工注射感染后,早期的增殖规律以及感染致死对虾的病毒累积.并对对虾感染病毒后存活时间与个体大小的关系进行了观察.研究发现初期感染病毒含量有短期下降,然后才呈现递增的过程.死亡对虾病毒累积量大于1011病毒粒子/毫克组织(P0.2).Shrimp white spot bacilliform virus (WSBV) was the heaviest pathogen for shrimp culture. No efficient medicament had been founded. The acquisition of molecular characteristics of WSBV and its pathogenesis was most important for WSBV prevention. The research on dynamic proliferation of WSBV was the foundation of the study work. Quantitative PCR was applied to study the proliferation at early infection stage and accumulation of WSBV in died infected prawns. The relation between survival time and weight of prawns was also observed. After infection, the quantity of WSBV was declined before 4 h and increased gradually thereafter. The accumulation of WSBV was more than 1011virions/mg tissue in dead infected prawns. There was no relativity between survival time and weight of prawns ranging from 4.6 g to 11.6 g.国家自然科学基金(30170728)资

聚乙二醇20k修饰与转铁蛋白偶联睫状神经营养因子的生物活性对比研究

为了延长重组睫状神经营养因子在体内的保留半衰期，基于CNTF中天然的游离半胱氨酸残基，前期工作中我们采用聚乙二醇修饰和转铁蛋白偶联的两种方式对CNTF进行改造。本研究中我们采用常规分析手段对PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF进行对比表征。高效凝胶过滤和动态光散射分析结果显示两者拥有相近的表观分子体积。细胞试验结果显示两种耦合物的活性分别下降至未修饰CNTF的50.6%和65.8%。抗体CNTF抗体亲和力结果显示PEG20k修饰后亲合力下降至原蛋白的3.8%，转铁蛋白偶联后保留89.9%原蛋白亲合力。药代动力学结果显示PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF在SD大鼠血液中的保留半衰期分别为5.34 ± 0.26和8.65 ± 0.60小时，与未修饰rhCNTF相比延长了约21.4倍和34.6倍。药效学结果显示在每周两次每次1.0 mg/kg （rhCNTF等量）的给药频率和剂量，PEG20k-CNTF比Tf-PEG5k-CNTF更显著地降低实验小鼠体重

聚乙二醇20k修饰与转铁蛋白偶联睫状神经营养因子的生物活性对比研究

为了延长重组睫状神经营养因子在体内的保留半衰期,基于CNTF中天然的游离半胱氨酸残基,在前期工作中采用聚乙二醇修饰和转铁蛋白偶联的两种方式对CNTF进行了改造。此后又采用常规分析手段对PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF进行对比表征。高效凝胶过滤和动态光散射分析结果显示两者拥有相近的表观分子体积。细胞试验结果显示两种耦合物的活性分别下降至未修饰CNTF的50.6%和65.8%。抗体CNTF抗体亲和力结果显示PEG20k修饰后亲合力下降至原蛋白的3.8%,转铁蛋白偶联后保留89.9%原蛋白亲合力。药代动力学结果显示PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF在SD大鼠血液中的保留半衰期分别为5.34&plusmn;0.26和8.65&plusmn;0.60小时,与未修饰rh CNTF相比延长了约21.4倍和34.6倍。药效学结果显示在每周两次每次1.0 mg/kg(rh CNTF等量)的给药频率和剂量下,PEG20k-CNTF比Tf-PEG5k-CNTF更显著地降低实验小鼠体重。</p

聚乙二醇20k修饰与转铁蛋白偶联睫状神经营养因子的生物活性对比研究

为了延长重组睫状神经营养因子在体内的保留半衰期,基于CNTF中天然的游离半胱氨酸残基,在前期工作中采用聚乙二醇修饰和转铁蛋白偶联的两种方式对CNTF进行了改造。此后又采用常规分析手段对PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF进行对比表征。高效凝胶过滤和动态光散射分析结果显示两者拥有相近的表观分子体积。细胞试验结果显示两种耦合物的活性分别下降至未修饰CNTF的50.6%和65.8%。抗体CNTF抗体亲和力结果显示PEG20k修饰后亲合力下降至原蛋白的3.8%,转铁蛋白偶联后保留89.9%原蛋白亲合力。药代动力学结果显示PEG20k-CNTF和Tf-PEG5k-CNTF在SD大鼠血液中的保留半衰期分别为5.34±0.26和8.65±0.60小时,与未修饰rh CNTF相比延长了约21.4倍和34.6倍。药效学结果显示在每周两次每次1.0 mg/kg（rh CNTF等量）的给药频率和剂量下,PEG20k-CNTF比Tf-PEG5k-CNTF更显著地降低实验小鼠体重

新疆尼勒克黄土岩石磁学特征及变化机制研究/STUDY OF ROCK MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND ITS VARIATION MECHANISM OF LOESS IN NILEKE, XINJIANG[J]

新疆黄土与黄土高原黄土相比,无论在物源还是后期成土环境方面都存在较大差异,因此二者的磁学特征有所不同.本文选取伊犁尼勒克地区的一个黄土-古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学及粒度研究.实验结果表明尼勒克剖面中磁性矿物具有以下特征:1)以亚铁磁性矿物磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,并含有一定量的反铁磁性矿物赤铁矿和针铁矿;2)各黄土层成壤作用弱,磁性矿物以原始输入的粗颗粒MD和PSD为主.PS1古土壤层成壤作用强,以细颗粒SD为主.弱发育古土壤层PSo既包含SD颗粒,又有粗颗粒.各地层均不含SP颗粒;3)PS1古土壤层原始含铁矿物输入量略低于黄土高原地区,其他各地层均高于黄土高原地区,但受成土作用及其他因素影响,剖面中亚铁磁性矿物含量远低于黄土高原黄土-古土壤层.PS1古土壤层成壤作用强,在新疆地区较为少见,但其磁化率却低于各黄土层,说明尼勒克黄土-古土壤磁化率变化机制与黄土高原地区不同.古土壤层原始输入含铁矿物的量较黄土层低,但原始含铁矿物只是影响剖面磁化率变化的原因之一.PS1古土壤层在沉积后期受到间歇性水流作用,成土成因的强磁性SP磁铁矿/磁赤铁矿颗粒遭受破坏并转化为赤铁矿,导致PS1古土壤层磁化率的急剧降低,并使该层赤铁矿的相对含量增加

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials