Do PPP and UIP Need Each Other in a Financially Open Economy? The Turkish Evidence

This paper investigates the empirical validity of the capital enhanced equilibrium exchange rates (CHEERs) model for the Turkish data. The results of the Johansen cointegration analyses for the variable system containing Turkish and US inflation rates, interest rates, and exchange rate suggest the existence of two stationary relationships explaining the long run evolution of Turkish interest rates and inflation rates, respectively. The results of the structural model obtained by data-acceptable over-identifying restrictions over the cointegration space suggest the non-rejection of the hypothesis that the first vector contains uncovered interest parity (UIP) and the second vector contains purchasing power parity (PPP) with proportionality and symmetry conditions. Consistent with the CHEERs approach, each of the international parity hypotheses is strongly rejected when formulated independently. This is a theory-consistent result for a financially open economy for which equilibrium conditions of asset and commodity markets may not be independent of each other.PPP, UIP, Exchange rates, cointegration, Turkey

Photonuclear reactions with Zinc: A case for clinical linacs

The use of bremsstrahlung photons produced by a linac to induce photonuclear reactions is wide spread. However, using a clinical linac to produce the photons is a new concept. We aimed to induce photonuclear reactions on zinc isotopes and measure the subsequent transition energies and half-lives. For this purpose, a bremsstrahlung photon beam of 18 MeV endpoint energy produced by the Philips SLI-25 linac has been used. The subsequent decay has been measured with a well-shielded single HPGe detector. The results obtained for transition energies are in good agreement with the literature data and in many cases surpass these in accuracy. For the half-lives, we are in agreement with the literature data, but do not achieve their precision. The obtained accuracy for the transition energies show what is achievable in an experiment such as ours. We demonstrate the usefulness and benefits of employing clinical linacs for nuclear physics experiments

Assessment of Natural and Artifical Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Hazards in Soil Samples Collected in Karaman

In this study, the level of natural and artificial radioactivity in soil samples collected from the central region of Karaman was measured. Activity concentrations of the concerned radionuclides were determined by the technique of gamma ray spectrometry using HPGe detector. The obtained results of 238U-series (226Ra, 214Pb, 214Bi), 232Th-series (228Ac, 208Tl), 40K and fission 137 product Cs are discussed. In order to evaulate the radiological hazard of the natural and artificial radioactivity in samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq ), the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Hex ) have been calculated. The present data were compared with data obtained from different areas in Turkey

Quadrupole collectivity in Ca 42 from low-energy Coulomb excitation with AGATA

A Coulomb-excitation experiment to study electromagnetic properties of Ca42 was performed using a 170-MeV calcium beam from the TANDEM XPU facility at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. γ rays from excited states in Ca42 were measured with the AGATA spectrometer. The magnitudes and relative signs of ten E2 matrix elements coupling six low-lying states in Ca42, including the diagonal E2 matrix elements of 21+ and 22+ states, were determined using the least-squares code gosia. The obtained set of reduced E2 matrix elements was analyzed using the quadrupole sum rule method and yielded overall quadrupole deformation for 01,2+ and 21,2+ states, as well as triaxiality for 01,2+ states, establishing the coexistence of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in Ca42. The experimental results were compared with the state-of-the-art large-scale shell-model and beyond-mean-field calculations, which reproduce well the general picture of shape coexistence in Ca42

Superdeformed and Triaxial States in Ca 42

Shape parameters of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in ^{42}Ca were determined from E2 matrix elements measured in the first low-energy Coulomb excitation experiment performed with AGATA. The picture of two coexisting structures is well reproduced by new state-of-the-art large-scale shell model and beyond-mean-field calculations. Experimental evidence for superdeformation of the band built on 0_{2}^{+} has been obtained and the role of triaxiality in the A∼40 mass region is discussed. Furthermore, the potential of Coulomb excitation as a tool to study superdeformation has been demonstrated for the first time

Üçüncü Basamak Hastanede Karaciğer Travmalarının Değerlendirilmesi: Geriye Dönük Bir Çalışma

Scopu

Investigation of the mutation points and effects of some drugs on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient people in the Erzurum region

PubMedID: 15558953We have carried out a systematic study of the molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency on three samples of 1,183 children aged 0.5-6 years from Erzurum, in eastern Anatolia. Total genomic DNAs were isolated from the blood samples of a healthy person and the three persons determined with G6PD deficiency by examining the enzyme activity and hemoglobin ratio. Then PCR amplification of the entire coding region in eight fragments was carried out followed by Agarose gel electrophoresis. The 540-bp PCR fragment containing exons VI-VII and the 550bp PCR fragment containing exons XI-XIII were digested with EcoRI and with NIaIII, respectively. SSCP techniques for eight fragments (exons II, III-IV, V, VI-VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI-XIII) were employed to determine the mutations on the exons of the G6PD gene. A mutation occurred on the region of the exons 6 and 7 of one person (person-1) and exon 5 of two G6PD-deficient persons (person 2 and 3) examined. The sequential approach described is fast and efficient and could be applied to other populations. Effects of analgesic drugs on G6PD were studied on the purified enzyme (ammonium fractionation, dialysis and 2',5' ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography) for the healthy person and G6PD-deficient persons 1, 2 and 3. The effects of remifentanil hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate, alfentanil hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride, as analgesic drugs, on G6PD activity were tested. Although remifentanil hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate (I50 values; 1.45 mM and 6.1 mM, respectively) inhibited the activity of the enzyme belonging to the healthy person, they did not alter enzyme activity on two of the three persons with G6PD deficiency. Other drugs (alfentanil hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride) did not effect the enzyme activity of the healthy or G6PD-deficient children. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.This study has been made with approval and monetary aid (2000/63) of the Research Fund of Ataturk University

Investigation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) kinetics for normal and G6PD-deficient persons and the effects of some drugs

PubMedID: 15202492In the present study, blood samples from 1183 children aged 0.5-6 years were taken. Three children were found with G6PD deficiency by examining the enzyme activity and hemoglobin ratio. Some kinetic properties of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) were studied after the purification of the enzyme with ammonium fractionation, dialysis and 2',5' ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography from a healthy person and from three G6PD-deficient people. The purity of the enzymes was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The effects of some drugs which are known inhibitors of G6PD activity were studied. Some of the drugs stimulated the activity of the enzyme in two of the three cases with G6PD deficiency. KM values, Vmax values for G6P and NADP+, optimum pH and optimum temperature for the enzyme from the healthy person and the three G6PD-defficient people are reported

Analyzing the WISC-R in children with ADHD: The predictive value of subtests, Kaufman, and Bannatyne categories

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of Intelligence Quotient scores (IQs), subtests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), and the Kaufman's and Bannatyne's categories scores in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, this study was designed to examine the difference of some neurocognitive skills for children with ADHD and their unaffected peers using the WISC-R subtests. Method: WISC-R's subtest and IQ scores, and scores of Kaufman's and Bannatyne's categories of the children who were diagnosed with only ADHD were compared with the same scores of the children in the healthy control group (N= 111) and the ADHD with comorbid group (N= 82). Results: It was found that the subtest scores (vocabulary, comprehension, digit span, picture completion, and block design) of the children with only ADHD and ADHD with comorbidity were significantly lower than the healthy group. In addition, object assembly subtest scores of the children with only ADHD were lower than the control group. Subtests of comprehension (Wald = 5.47, df = 1, p=0.05), digit span (Wald = 16.79, df = 1, p=0.001), and picture completion (Wald= 5.25, df= 1, p=0.05) were able to predict ADHD significantly. In this study, the categories of freedom from distractibility (Wald = 8.22, df = 1, p=0.01) and spatial abilities (Wald = 12.22, df = 1, p<0.0001) were also predictive for ADHD. Conclusion/Discussion: Problem-solving abilities in social processes, auditory short-term memories, visual-spatial abilities, and visual configuration abilities of the children with ADHD were lower than their healthy peers. It was thought that in WISC-R's profile analysis, the categories of freedom from distractibility and spatial abilities could be distinctive in ADHD diagnosis