La Enseñanza de las ciencias escolares en la Revista de Pedagogía (1922-1936)

La Revista de Pedagogía (1922-1936) va aportar una valuosa informació al professorat sobre la renovació i millora de l'escola a través de la difusió de les innovacions metodològiques més rellevants de la pedagogia del seu temps. Centrantnos en l'ensenyament de les ciències escolars, en aquest treball mostrem com aquesta revista va tractar de millorar la precària situació de l'educació científica espanyola, va contribuir a la introducció de l'ensenyament de les matèries científiques en el currículum escolar, i va impulsar la formació i actualització científica del professorat, publicant i informant sobre manuals, llibres de text i de lectura científics, facilitant una àmplia documentació relativa a recursos didàctics, material d'ensenyament, cursos de perfeccionament o congressos relacionats amb l'ensenyament de les ciències experimentals. Finalment, va publicar nombroses experiències dutes a terme des de la pràctica docent a l'aula per professors innovadors en l'àrea de ciències. En definitiva, la Revista de Pedagogía contribuí decisivament a la introducció, la difusió i posada en pràctica de noves orientacions metodològiques per a l'ensenyament de les ciències escolars.The Revista de Pedagogía (1922-1936) provided teachers with valuable information and school improvement by means of the dissemination of the most relevant methodological innovations of the period. Focusing on school science education, this paper shows how this magazine tried to improve the precarious state of scientific education in Spain, contributing to the introduction of the teaching of scientific subjects in the curriculum. It also promoted scientific training and updating among teachers. Besides, it published manuals, textbooks and scientific readings, and provided extensive documentation on teaching resources, teaching materials, advanced classes or conferences related to teaching experimental sciences. Finally, it published numerous experiments concerning teaching classroom practices carried out by innovative teachers in the area of science. In short, the Revista de Pedagogía contributed decisively to the introduction, dissemination and implementation of new methodological approaches for school science teaching.La Revista de Pedagogía (1922-1936) aportó una valiosa información al profesorado sobre la renovación y mejora de la escuela a través de la difusión de las innovaciones metodológicas más relevantes de la pedagogía de su tiempo. Centrándonos en la enseñanza de las ciencias escolares, en este trabajo mostramos cómo esta revista trató de mejorar la precaria situación de la educación científica española, contribuyó a la introducción de la enseñanza de las materias científicas en el currículum escolar, e impulsó la formación y actualización científica del profesorado, publicando e informando sobre manuales, libros de texto y de lectura científicos, facilitando una amplia documentación relativa a recursos didácticos, material de enseñanza, cursos de perfeccionamiento o congresos relacionados con la enseñanza de las ciencias experimentales. Por último, publicó numerosas experiencias llevadas a cabo desde la práctica docente en el aula por profesores innovadores en el área de ciencias. En definitiva, la Revista de Pedagogía contribuyó decisivamente a la introducción, difusión y puesta en práctica de nuevas orientaciones metodológicas para la enseñanza de las ciencias escolares

Development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador

Currently, the management of urban waste streams in developing countries is not optimized yet, and in many cases these wastes are disposed untreated in open dumps. This fact causes serious environmental and health problems due to the presence of contaminants and pathogens. Frequently, the use of specific low-cost strategies reduces the total amount of wastes. These strategies are mainly associated to the identification, separate collection and composting of specific organic waste streams, such as vegetable and fruit refuses from food markets and urban gardening activities. Concretely, in the Chimborazo Region (Ecuador), more than 80% of municipal solid waste is dumped into environment due to the lack of an efficient waste management strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a demonstration project at field scale in this region to evaluate the feasibility of implanting the composting technology not only for the management of the organic waste fluxes from food market and gardening activities to be scaled-up in other developing regions, but also to obtain an end-product with a commercial value as organic fertilizer. Three co-composting mixtures were prepared using market wastes mixed with pruning of trees and ornamental palms as bulking agents. Two piles were created using different proportions of market waste and prunings of trees and ornamental palms: pile 1 (50:33:17) with a C/N ratio 25; pile 2: (60:30:10) with C/N ratio 24 and pile 3 (75:0:25) with C/N ratio 33), prepared with market waste and prunings of ornamental palm. Throughout the process, the temperature of the mixtures was monitored and organic matter evolution was determined using thermogravimetric and chemical techniques. Additionally, physico-chemical, chemical and agronomic parameters were determined to evaluate compost quality. The results obtained indicated that all the piles showed a suitable development of the composting process, with a significant organic matter decomposition, reached in a shorter period of time in pile 3. At the end of the process, all the composts showed absence of phytotoxicity and suitable agronomic properties for their use as organic fertilizers. This reflects the viability of the proposed alternative to be scaled-up in developing areas, not only to manage and recycle urban waste fluxes, but also to obtain organic fertilizers, including added value in economic terms related to nutrient contents.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Ecological Aspects and Conservation of Wild Grapevine Populations in the S.W. of the Iberian Peninsula

Populations of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, were discovered in S.W. of the Iberian Peninsula over the last years. Location, ecological aspects, sanitary characteristics, including the ELISA test to detect specific virus attack, are described. In vitro propagation and conservation are also considered. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. This material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area

Imágenes reversibles en la poesía andalusí y en la de Juan Ramón Jiménez

En otro artículo anterior, se vieron los vínculos que el estilo de Juan Ramón Jiménez presenta respecto de los autores árabes de "al-Andalus", en relación a la correspondencia conceptual de los términos "mujer = jardín = la poesía". En este artículo, se han analizado los recursos que permiten dar características de la naturaleza terrenal a los cuerpos celestes, incluso en los casos en los que cambia de dirección antropológica. Estos casos son llamados por Dámaso Alonso imágenes reversibles.In another previous article we already worked on the linkanges that the system of Juan Ramón Jiménez shows with the Arabian authors from “al-Andalus”, concerning the three terms correspondence "woman=garden=poetry". In this article, we have analyzed the resources that allow us to grant characteristics of Earthly Nature to Heavenly bodies, even in cases in which the anthropologic direction changes. These cases are called by Damaso Alonso reverting images.notPeerReviewe

Enseñando e investigando. Los catedráticos de física y química de instituto en los centros de investigación de la JAE

In this paper we analyse, firstly, the participation of high school physics and chemistry teachers during the first third of the 20th century in the activities promoted by the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas. Secondly, we study how the creation of the Instituto-Escuela of Madrid in 1918, a pedagogical essay dependent on the Junta, provided a new framework to address the renewal of physics and chemistry teaching in secondary education and, at the same time, made possible an intense relationship between university professors who worked as research teachers and secondary school teachers. Finally, we show that with the arrival of the Second Republic, the group of secondary school physics and chemistry professors continued along the path initiated years earlier, spreading and expanding the renewal of Spanish secondary education, and remained committed to the research work carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Física y Química.En este trabajo analizamos, en primer lugar, la participación del colectivo de catedráticos de física y química de instituto durante el primer tercio del siglo XX en las actividades promovidas por la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas. En segundo lugar, estudiamos como la creación del Instituto-Escuela de Madrid en 1918, un ensayo pedagógico dependiente de la Junta, supuso instaurar un nuevo marco para abordar la renovación de la enseñanza de la física y de la química en la segunda enseñanza y, al mismo tiempo, posibilitó una intensa relación entre los profesores universitarios que ejercían como maestros investigadores y el profesorado de secundaria. Por último, mostramos que con la llegada de la Segunda República el colectivo de catedráticos de física y química siguió el camino iniciado años atrás difundiendo y expandiendo la renovación de la enseñanza secundaria y continuó comprometido con la labor investigadora desarrollada en el Instituto Nacional de Física y Química

Desarrollo de un proceso de producción de Trichodermas Nativas previamente identificadas de diferentes regiones de Nicaragua

Presenta el proceso de producción de Trichoderma, se basa en encontrar el mejor sustrato para la producción de esporas de los hongos en grandes cantidades, así mismo, analizar el comportamiento de crecimiento mediante la adición de melaza al 5% a los sustratos

Complementary music therapy for cancer patients in at-home palliative care and their caregivers: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Background Patients with advanced cancer, receiving at-home palliative care, are subject to numerous symptoms that are changeable and often require attention, a stressful situation that also impacts on the family caregiver. It has been suggested that music therapy may benefit both the patient and the caregiver. We propose a study to analyse the efficacy and cost utility of a music intervention programme, applied as complementary therapy, for cancer patients in palliative care and for their at-home caregivers, compared to usual treatment. Method A randomised, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial will be performed in cancer patients in at-home palliative care and their family caregivers. The study population will include two samples of 40 patients and two samples of 41 caregivers. Participants will be randomly assigned either to the intervention group or to the control group. The intervention group will receive a seven-day programme including music sessions, while the control group will receive seven sessions of (spoken word) therapeutic education. In this study, the primary outcome measure is the assessment of patients' symptoms, according to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, and of the overload experienced by family caregivers, measured by the Caregiver Strain Index. The secondary outcomes considered will be the participants' health-related quality of life, their satisfaction with the intervention, and an economic valuation. Discussion This study is expected to enhance our understanding of the efficacy and cost-utility of music therapy for cancer patients in palliative care and for their family caregivers. The results of this project are expected to be applicable and transferrable to usual clinical practice for patients in home palliative care and for their caregivers. The approach described can be incorporated as an additional therapeutic resource within comprehensive palliative care. To our knowledge, no previous high quality studies, based on a double-blind clinical trial, have been undertaken to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of music therapy. The cost-effectiveness of the project will provide information to support decision making, thereby improving the management of health resources and their use within the health system

Percepção dos estudantes sobre comportamento no ensino do professor e satisfação com a Educação Física: uma questão de gênero?

Este estudio analiza la satisfacción con la Educación Física (EF) y la percepción del comportamiento instructivo del profesor (CIP). Participaron 2.536 estudiantes (edad 13,7 ± 2,0). Se aplicaron dos escalas: a) escala de satisfacción con la EF; y b) escala de comportamientos instructivos del profesorado. Los resultados muestran una elevada satisfacción con la EF y la percepción de una buena frecuencia del CIP. Existen algunas diferencias significativas en función del género de los alumnos y profesores. No se produce empatía de género descrita en otros estudios: chicos y chicas perciben mayor frecuencia de comportamientos instructivos deseables cuando el profesor es mujer.Este trabalho analisa a satisfação com a educação física (EF) e a percepção do comportamento no ensino do professor. Participaram 2.536 estudantes (idade 13,77 ± 2,0). Foram aplicadas duas escalas: a) escala de satisfação com a educação física; y b) escala de comportamento no ensino dos professores. Os resultados demonstram uma alta satisfação com a EF, bem como a percepção de uma boa freqüência do comportamento no ensino do professor. Existem algumas diferenças significativas em função do gênero dos alunos e professores. Não há relação direta de simpatia de gênero encontrada em outros estudos: meninos e meninas percebem com mais frequência um comportamento no ensino do professor de maneira desejável, quando ele é uma mulher.The purposes of this study were to analyze the satisfaction with PE and the perception of the students about of the Teacher´ Instructional Behaviours. Participants were 2,536 students (13.7 ± 2.0 years old). Two scales were applied: a) the satisfaction with PE scale; and b) the scale of perception of the Teacher´ Instructional Behaviours. The results illustrate a high level of satisfaction with PE. Students perceive instructional desirable behaviours of their teachers occur frequently. The findings show some significant differences in gender. There is not empathy of gender: both boys and girls perceive more f requent instructional desirable behaviour when the teacher is female.Estudio financiado por el Ministerio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología (Proyecto código SEJ2007-67267/EDU

Resilience to the short- and long-term behavioral effects of intermittent repeated social defeat in adolescent male mice

Background Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the sensitivity of mice to the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Some animals are resilient to this effect of IRSD, though research exploring this inconsistency in adolescent mice is scarce. Thus, our aim was to characterize the behavioral profile of mice exposed to IRSD during early adolescence and to explore a potential association with resilience to the short- and long-term effects of IRSD. Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IRSD during early adolescence (PND 27, 30, 33 and 36), while another 10 male mice did not undergo stress (controls). Defeated mice and controls then carried out the following battery of behavioral tests; the Elevated Plus Maze, Hole-Board and Social Interaction Test on PND 37, and the Tail Suspension and Splash tests on PND 38. Three weeks later, all the mice were submitted to the CPP paradigm with a low dose of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg). Results IRSD during early adolescence induced depressive-like behavior in the Social Interaction and Splash tests and increased the rewarding effects of cocaine. Mice with low levels of submissive behavior during episodes of defeat were resilient to the short- and long-term effects of IRSD. In addition, resilience to the short-term effects of IRSD on social interaction and grooming behavior predicted resilience to the long-term effects of IRSD on cocaine reward. Conclusion Our findings help to characterize the nature of resilience to the effects of social stress during adolescence