Interrelación entre buriles y recortes de buril. Implicaciones arqueológicas

Los buriles suponen uno de los tipos más representativos dentro de los conjuntos Uticos, sobre todo para el estudio del Paleolítico superior. Como resultado de su proceso de talla se obtienen también los característicos golpes o recortes de buril. Ambos elementos son fácilmente diferenciables, y proponemos un estudio conjunto de los mismos que puede proporcionar interesantes datos al menos en los siguientes puntos : (1) Diferenciación de los propios buriles, en casos no seguros. (2) Establecimiento del verdadero proceso técnico en la talla de un conjunto de buriles. (3) Apoyo estratigráfico. (4) Todo tipo de implicaciones de orden cultural, reconstrucción de los mecanismos de depósito de evidencias y su posterior deterioro, etc.Les burins sont l'un des types, le plus représentatif dans les ensembles lithiques, surtout pour l'étude du Paléolithique superieur. Dans le cours de taille où l'on obtient s'originent aussi les caracteristiques coups de burin. Ces deux éléments sont facilement différentiels et nous proposons leur étude d'ensemble qui peut fournir des renseignements interéssantes au moins dans les points suivants : (1) Differenciation des propes burins, dans les cas, non pas sûrs. (2) Etablissement du vrai processus téchnique dans la taille d'un ensemble de burins. (3) Aide estratigraphique. (4) Toute sorte d'implications d'ordre culture, reconstruction des mécanismes de dépot de restes et leur posterieur détérioration, etc

Le Gravettien des Pyrénées

Les auteurs présentent un panorama général sur le Gravettien des Pyrénées. L’espace géographique retenu pour cette étude a été découpé en trois zones principales : le Pays Basque ibérique, les Pyrénées atlantiques et centrales, les Pyrénées orientales. La synthèse proposée se structure autour des quatre thèmes suivants :- histoire des recherches et contexte chrono-stratigraphique ;- culture matérielle : industrie lithique et osseuse ;- témoignages artistiques et symboliques : parure, art mobilier et art pariétal ;- le paléo-environnement.The authors present an overview about the Gravettian in the Pyrenees. The geographical area held for this study was divided into three main zones: the Iberian Basque country, the Atlantic and Central Pyrenees, the Eastern Pyrenees. The synthesis proposed is built around the four following topics: - the history of researches and chronostratigraphic context;- material culture: lithic and bone industries;- artistic and symbolic evidences: body ornamentation, mobiliary art and rock art;- palaeo-environment

Using Mg/Ca ratios from the limpet Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to reconstruct paleoclimate

Measurement of the elemental composition of shells is increasingly emerging as an avenue for obtaining high-resolution insights into paleoclimate and past seasonality. Several studies have shown significant correlations between Mg/Ca ratios measured on shell carbonate and the sea surface temperature (SST) within which this carbonate was precipitated. However, other investigations have reported large variability in this relationship between species. Therefore, further studies, including taxa previously not considered are still required in order to validate these new species as suitable climate proxies. Here, we measured Mg/Ca ratios for limpet Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 samples live-collected in northern Spain for the first time. The elemental ratio was measured using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a technique that significantly decreases the time required for sample preparation and increases the number of shells that can be analyzed. In this study, calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) methods were applied to estimate molar concentrations of chemical elements on biogenic calcium carbonate. The Mg/Ca ratio evolution along the shell growth axis was compared with stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) profiles obtained from these same limpets and the SST at the place where the mollusk grew to determine if the sequences obtained correctly reflected environmental conditions during the life-span of the mollusk. The results showed a significant correlation between Mg/Ca ratio series and both δ18O profiles and SST, highlighting the paleoenvironmental and archaeological potential of LIBS analyses on this mollusk species that is frequently found in archaeological contexts in the western Europe.This research was performed as part of the projects HAR2016-75605-R, HAR2017-86262-P and PID2019-107270RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO. During the development of this research A.G.E was funded by the Basque Country Postdoctoral Program through a postdoctoral grant (POS_2020_2_0032). This study has also been supported by the Prehistoric Research Consolidated Group of the Basque Country University (IT-1223-19), funded by the Basque Country Government. P.R. is funded by the Max Planck Society

A new Late Pleistocene non-anthropogenic vertebrate assemblage from the northern Iberian Peninsula: Artazu VII (Arrasate, Basque Country)

Late Pleistocene palaeontological sites without human intervention are limited in the Cantabrian region, and even more so those with a good state of preservation and rich biodiversity. A new vertebrate fossiliferous locality discovered at Kobate Quarry (Arrasate, northern Iberian Peninsula) is presented in this article. This site, in which remains of 40 different vertebrate taxa were accumulated, acted as a natural trap. The preliminary vertebrate faunal list includes five amphibian taxa, four reptiles, seven species of birds and 24 mammalian taxa. While small mammals are represented by 13 small mammal taxa (seven in the Order Rodentia, five in the Order Eulipotyphla, and one in the Order Chiroptera), the large mammal fauna comprises eleven species, including ungulates and carnivores. The palaeoecology inferred from this faunal assemblage suggests the existence of large forested areas with some grassland and a watercourse nearby, within a notably warm and humid climate. These palaeoenvironmental conditions, combined with AMS and AAR results carried out in macrofaunal bone samples, suggest that the deposit from Artazu VII would be located in the first half of the Late Pleistocene, in the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c. Résumé Les gisements paléontologiques de la fin du Pléistocène sont limités dans la région Cantabrique, et encore plus limités sont les sites ayant fourni des restes osseux en bon état de conservation et montrant une grande biodiversité. Nous présentons ici un nouveau site trouvé dans la carrière de Kobate (Arrasate, Nord de la péninsule Ibérique). Ce site a certainement agi comme un piège naturel et contient une accumulation de restes appartenant à 40 espèces différentes de vertébrés. La liste préliminaire de la faune de vertébrés comprend cinq taxons d’amphibiens, quatre de reptiles, sept espèces d’oiseaux et 24 taxons de mammifères. Alors que les mammifères sont représentés par 13 taxons de micromammifères (sept appartiennent à l’ordre Rodentia, cinq à l’ordre Eulipothypla, et un à l’ordre Chiroptera), les grands mammifères sont représentés par onze espèces, y compris des ongulés et des carnivores. Cette association faunique suggère un paléoenvironnement caractérisé par de vastes étendues boisées avec quelques prairies et un cours d’eau à proximité, dans un climat particulièrement chaud et humide. Ces conditions paléoenvironnementales, combinées à des datations AMS et AAR à partir d’échantillons d’os de la macrofaune, permettent de localiser le gisement d’Artazu VII dans la première moitié du Pléistocène supérieur, et plus précisement dans le stade isotopique marin (MEI) 5c

Comparison of Mg/Ca concentration series from Patella depressa limpet shells using CF-LIBS and LA-ICP-MS

The elemental composition of marine mollusk shells can offer valuable information about environmental conditions experienced by a mollusk during its lifespan. Previous studies have shown significant correlations between Mg/Ca concentration ratios measured on biogenic carbonate of mollusk shells and sea surface temperature (SST). Here we propose the use of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and the validation of the Calibration-Free LIBS (CF-LIBS) approach for the rapid measurement and estimation of Mg/Ca molar concentration profiles within Patella depressa Pennant, 1777 limpet shells. To achieve these objectives, results derived from CF-LIBS methodology are compared with those obtained from an established analytical technique for this purpose, such as Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Concentration series obtained with both methodologies show defined temporal patterns and reflect the season-of-capture in each specimen. The results evidence a significant correlation (R2 = 0.63–0.81) between CF-LIBS and LA-ICP-MS Mg/Ca molar concentration profiles within four live-collected P. depressa shells. Averaged error for the molar concentration estimated with CF-LIBS was lower than 10% in every specimen. The comparison between the results obtained from two techniques used in this study has allowed us to demonstrate for the first time that Mg/Ca molar concentration measured in biogenic carbonates were accurately inferred using CF-LIBS technique. The CF-LIBS approach validation represents great potential for the rapid and large-scale paleoenvironmental and archaeological analysis of this mollusk species, which is frequently found in archaeological sites.1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Sample preparation 2.2. LA-ICP-MS setup and analyses 2.3. LIBS setup and measurements 2.4. CF-LIBS application 3. Results and discussion 3.1. LA-ICP-MS concentration profiles 3.2. CF-LIBS approach results 3.3. CF-LIBS and LA-ICP-MS comparison 3.4. Implications for paleoclimatology and archaeology 4. Conclusion

Subsistencia, movilidad y adaptación al medio de los cazadores-recolectores gravetienses en el sector occidental de la región cantábrica: la cueva de Coímbre (Asturias)

Coímbre is one of the few Gravettian sites the middle- western part of Cantabria. It is one of the most interesting sites for the analysis of the Gravettian close to the boundary of its western expansion in Europe. Zooarchaeological and taphonomical study of the faunal and archaeobotanical remains and the lithic industry and the interpretation of its AMS-dated archaeological and sedimentological sequence make it possible to analyse the Gravettian settlement in Coímbre cave using a territorial perspective. The subsistence strategies developed in Coímbre have been determinant in the interpretation of its occupation patterns. Thus, we can assess the existence of the specific mobility and subsistence patterns developed by these human groups in the framework of Cantabria. This pattern shows an ephemeral logistic and punctual occupation of the cave, probably linked to an eastern-western corridor. This is one of the paper’s most interesting contributions.En el trabajo presentamos el nivel gravetiense de Coímbre, uno de los contados ejemplos de esta cronología en el centro-occidente cantábrico. Se trata de uno de los yacimientos de mayor interés para el análisis del Gravetiense cerca de su margen occidental de expansión por el continente europeo. Mediante el análisis arqueozoológico y tafonómico de la fauna, de la industria lítica, los restos arqueobotánicos, la interpretación de la secuencia arqueológica y sedimentológica, y la obtención de dataciones AMS, se han podido analizar las ocupaciones gravetienses de Coímbre bajo una perspectiva territorial, donde las estrategias de susbsistencia desarrolladas son determinantes para interpretar el tipo de ocupación existente. En el marco de la región cantábrica, podemos interpretar la existencia de un patrón de movilidad y subsistencia determinado, desarrollado por estas poblaciones humanas, que se manifiesta como una ocupación efímera, de tipo logístico y puntual, ligada posiblemente con un eje de tránsito en sentido este-oeste. Esto supone uno de los elementos de mayor interés que aporta este estudio

Mouse Models of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis to Develop Clinical Applications

Simple Summary Peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse models as a platform to test, improve and/or predict the appropriate therapeutic interventions in patients are crucial to providing medical advances. Here, we overview reported mouse models to explore peritoneal carcinomatosis in translational biomedical research. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of primary tumors originating in gastrointestinal (e.g., colorectal cancer, gastric cancer) or gynecologic (e.g., ovarian cancer) malignancies is a widespread type of tumor dissemination in the peritoneal cavity for which few therapeutic options are available. Therefore, reliable preclinical models are crucial for research and development of efficacious treatments for this condition. To date, a number of animal models have attempted to reproduce as accurately as possible the complexity of the tumor microenvironment of human peritoneal carcinomatosis. These include: Syngeneic tumor cell lines, human xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, genetically induced tumors, and 3D scaffold biomimetics. Each experimental model has its own strengths and limitations, all of which can influence the subsequent translational results concerning anticancer and immunomodulatory drugs under exploration. This review highlights the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse models for preclinical development of anticancer drugs or immunotherapeutic agents

Anthropic resource exploitation and use of the territory at the onset of social complexity in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Western Pyrenees: a multi-isotope approach

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyses from bone collagen provide information about the dietary protein input, while strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) from tooth enamel give us data about provenance and potential territorial mobility of past populations. To date, isotopic results on the prehistory of the Western Pyrenees are scarce. In this article, we report human and faunal values of the mentioned isotopes from the Early-Middle Neolithic site of Fuente Hoz (Anuntzeta) and the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic site of Kurtzebide (Letona, Zigoitia). The main objectives of this work are to analyze the dietary and territorial mobility patterns of these populations. Furthermore, as an additional aim, we will try to discuss social ranking based on the isotope data and existing literature on this topic in the region of study. Our results show that, based on the bioavailable Sr values, both purported local and non-local humans were buried together at the sites. Additionally, they suggest similar resource consumption based on C3 terrestrial resources (i.e. ovicaprids, bovids, and suids) as the main part of the protein input. Overall, this study sheds light on how individuals from different backgrounds were still buried together and shared the same dietary lifestyle at a time in the Prehistory of Iberia when social complexities started to appear

Both “illness and temptation of the enemy”: melancholy, the medieval patient and the writings of King Duarte of Portugal (r. 1433–38)

Recent historians have rehabilitated King Duarte of Portugal, previously maligned and neglected, as an astute ruler and philosopher. There is still a tendency, however, to view Duarte as a depressive or a hypochondriac, due to his own description of his melancholy in his advice book, the Loyal Counselor. This paper reassesses Duarte's writings, drawing on key approaches in the history of medicine, such as narrative medicine and the history of the patient. It is important to take Duarte's views on his condition seriously, placing them in the medical and theological contexts of his time and avoiding modern retrospective diagnosis. Duarte's writings can be used to explore the impact of plague, doubt and death on the life of a well-educated and conscientious late-medieval ruler