Lecto-escritura del español como segunda lengua en la educación de niños sordos

The present work analyzes the problem in which deaf people are immersed in an oral and literate environment, which is insignificant and often inaccessible due to their visuo-gestural condition. The learning of reading and writing in deaf children has motivated a series of questions associated with the difficulties of comprehension and written expression, the relationship it has with their own sensory limitations and the use of different methods of teaching literacy. The objective of the research is to determine the factors associated with the processes of literacy of Spanish as a second language, in deaf students of Elementary Basic Education. For the execution of this study, an interpretative methodology was used, whose scenario corresponds to a specialized educational unit for deaf children and adolescents. As for the population and sample, it was composed of the students of second, third and fourth grade of Basic General Education and their respective teachers. Among the results, a limited achievement in the acquisition of the management of linguistic skills linked to reading and writing in the Spanish language was evidenced; in addition to lack of motivation for their learning and the use of poorly contextualized strategies for the teaching of a second language. The study concludes with the need for teacher training aimed at employing meaningful techniques and global methods for teaching literacy.El presente trabajo analiza la problemática en la que se encuentran inmersas personas sordas en un ambiente oral y letrado, el cual, es poco significativo y muchas veces inaccesible por su condición viso-gestual. El aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en niños sordos ha motivado una serie de interrogantes asociadas a las dificultades de comprensión y expresión escrita, la relación que guarda con sus propias limitaciones sensoriales y al uso de distintos métodos de enseñanza de la lectoescritura. El objetivo de la investigación, es determinar los factores asociados a los procesos de lectoescritura del español como segunda lengua, en estudiantes sordos de Educación Básica Elemental. Para la ejecución de este estudio se empleó una metodología interpretativa, cuyo escenario corresponde a una unidad educativa especializada para niños y adolescentes sordos. En cuanto a la población y muestra, estuvo compuesta por los estudiantes de segundo, tercer y cuarto grado de Educación General Básica y sus respectivos maestros. Entre los resultados se evidenció un logro limitado en la adquisición del manejo de habilidades lingüísticas ligadas a la lectura y la escritura en el idioma español; además, de falta de motivación por su aprendizaje y el uso de estrategias poco contextualizadas para la enseñanza de una segunda lengua. El estudio concluye con la necesidad de una capacitación docente encaminada a emplear técnicas significativas y métodos globales para la enseñanza de la lectoescritura

In Vivo Light-Driven DNA Binding and Cellular Uptake of Nucleic Acid Stains

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Chemical Biology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb300100rChemical derivatization of nucleic stains such as ethidium bromide or DAPI with tailored, photoresponsive caging groups, allows for “on demand” spatiotemporal control of their in vivo nucleic acid binding, as well as for improving their cellular uptake. This effect was particularly noteworthy for a nitro-veratryloxycarbonyl-caged derivative of ethidium bromide that, in contrast with the parent stain, is effectively internalized into living cells. The activation strategy works in light-accessible, therapeutically relevant settings, such as human retinas, and can even be applied for the release of active compounds in the eyes of living miceWe are thankful for support given by the Spanish grants SAF2007-61015, SAF2010-20822-C02, CTQ2009-14431/ BQU, Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00006, and the Xunta de Galicia INCITE09 209 084PR, GRC2010/12, PGIDIT08CSA-047209PR. M.I.S. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for FPU Ph.D. fellowshipsS

Evaluación de la depresión, ansiedad e ira en pacientes con VIH/SIDA

La infección por el VIH constituye una enfermedad que, aunque actualmente se considera de carácter crónico, implica para el paciente que la padece unos niveles altos de incertidumbre y enfrentarse con una enfermedad rodeada de estigmatización y rechazo por parte de la sociedad. La depresión, la ansiedad y la ira son las reacciones emocionales que se manifiestan con más frecuencia entre los pacientes seropositivos. Igualmente, la infección por el VIH supone incertidumbre que se relaciona con elevados niveles de ansiedad y depresión debido a que los pacientes no conocen cómo va a evolucionar la enfermedad. Considerando la importancia de los aspectos emocionales en la infección por el VIH, se plantea esta investigación cuyos objetivos son evaluar si existen diferencias en la muestra de pacientes con VIH en cuanto a sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad estado, ira estado, ira rasgo y expresión de la ira en función del sexo, del estadio de la infección, del nivel de linfocitos CD4, del nivel de carga viral, de la vía a través de la cual se infectaron y de la presencia de lipodistrofia. Otro objetivo es evaluar si existen diferencias entre la muestra de personas con VIH/SIDA evaluada y el grupo normativo en cuanto a síntomas de depresión, ansiedad estado, ira estado, ira rasgo y expresión de la ira.HIV infection is a chronic-character illness which implies a high level of uncertainty for patients. Indeed, HIV infection involves confronting an illness surrounded by social stigma and refusal. There following are some of the situations that suppose big emotional repercussions: When an individual does not know whether he/she is infected, when he/she receives HIV diagnosis, or when he/she must say to other people that he/ she is HIV positive. The emotional effects are depression, anxiety; and anger, which are frecuent emotional reactions among HIV infected patients. These reactions disappear when the patient adapts to his/her condition of HIV infected. Likewise, the uncertainty that produces HIV infection is related both to high levels of anxiety and depression because patients do not know how their infection will evolve. Anger and depression constitute other emotional factors related to a faster evolution of HIV infection. In addition to that, depression has effects over the fullfillment of the HIV infection treatment guidelines. Considering the importance of emotional aspects in HIV infection, this research's aims were to verify the differences in the sample of patients with HIV that has been evaluated regarding characteristics of depression, state of anxiety, state of anger, trait of anger, and expression of anger according to gender, stage of HIV infection, CD4 cells, viral load, transmission way, and the presence of lipodystrophy. Another aim was to verify if there were any differences between the sample of persons with HIV/AIDS that has been evaluated and the normative group in symptoms of depression, state of anxiety, state of anger, trait of anger, and expression of anger

Trophic state and morphometric features as drivers of settling rates in Mediterranean reservoirs

En este trabajo se ha medido la tasa de sedimentación de material particulado, como peso seco (DW) así como de carbono (C), nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P) en seis embalses mediterráneos de características muy contrastadas. Nuestro principal objetivo ha sido determinar: (1) las relaciones entre: DW, la razón molar (C:N:P) del seston, el fósforo total (PT), la razón entre el área de la cuenca de captación y el área superficial de los embalses (Ac:Ar) y la resuspensión del sedimento (razón dinámica); y (2) la relación entre la fracción de la producción primaria que sedimenta desde la zona trófica (razón de exportación) y el estado trófico. Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas y significativas de DW con Ac:Ar, y relaciones positivas pero no significativas con PT y con la razón dinámica. La estequiometría sestónica mostró grandes diferencias con la relación de Redfield. Finalmente, la razón de exportación y el estado trófico muestra una relación inversa, aunque no significativa, indicando posiblemente que el plancton de los embalses menos eutrofizados es menos eficiente reteniendo nutrientes en la columna de agua.This work measures the sinking flux of dry weight (DW), C, N and P in the particulate material of six contrasting Mediterranean reservoirs to determine: (1) the relationships between DW, seston composition (C:N:P molar ratio),total phosphorus (PT), catchment area to reservoir area ratio (Ac:Ar) and sediment resuspension (dynamic ratio); (2) the relationship between the fraction of planktonic primary production that sinks from the trophic zone (export ratio) and the trophic state. Results showed positive but not significant relationships of DW with PT or dynamic ratio, but a significant and positive relationship between Ac:Ar and DW. Stoichiometric analysis of seston composition show great differences with Redfield ratio. Finally the export ratio and the trophic state show not significant although inverse relationship pointing, may be, that plankton communities in less eutrophic reservoirs are less efficient than those in more eutrophic ones in the retention of nutrients within the water column.CICYT HID 99-0836; CICYT REN2003-03038; CGL2005-04070/HID y CGL2008-06101/BOSConfederación Hidrográfica del GuadalquivirConsejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes (Junta de Andalucía, España

Blood Transcriptomics of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus:A Tool for Health Monitoring and Disease Studies

Blood transcriptomics is emerging as a relevant tool to monitor the status of the immune system and assist in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and pathogenesis studies of diseases. In fish pathology, the potential of transcriptome profiling of blood is still poorly explored. Here, RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the blood transcriptional profile of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), the most important farmed flatfish. The study was conducted in healthy specimens and specimens parasitized by the myxozoan Enteromyxum scophthalmi, which causes one of the most devastating diseases in turbot aquaculture. The blood of healthy turbot showed a transcriptomic profile mainly related to erythrocyte gas transportation function, but also to antigen processing and presentation. In moderately infected turbot, the blood reflected a broad inhibition of the immune response. Particularly, down-regulation of the B cell receptor signaling pathway was shared with heavily parasitized fish, which showed larger transcriptomic changes, including the activation of the inflammatory response. Turbot response to enteromyxosis proved to be delayed, dysregulated and ineffective in stopping the infection. The study evinces that blood transcriptomics can contribute to a better understanding of the teleost immune system and serve as a reliable tool to investigate the physiopathological status of fish

Mapping and Introgression of QTL Involved in Fruit Shape Transgressive Segregation into 'Piel de Sapo' Melon (Cucucumis melo L.)

A mapping F-2 population from the cross 'Piel de Sapo' x PI124112 was selectively genotyped to study the genetic control of morphological fruit traits by QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) analysis. Ten QTL were identified, five for FL (Fruit Length), two for FD (Fruit Diameter) and three for FS (Fruit Shape). At least one robust QTL per character was found, flqs8.1 (LOD = 16.85, R-2 = 34%), fdqs12.1 (LOD = 3.47, R-2 = 11%) and fsqs8.1 (LOD = 14.85, R-2 = 41%). flqs2.1 and fsqs2.1 cosegregate with gene a (andromonoecious), responsible for flower sex determination and with pleiotropic effects on FS. They display a positive additive effect (a) value, so the PI124112 allele causes an increase in FL and FS, producing more elongated fruits. Conversely, the negative a value for flqs8.1 and fsqs8.1 indicates a decrease in FL and FS, what results in rounder fruits, even if PI124112 produces very elongated melons. This is explained by a significant epistatic interaction between fsqs2.1 and fsqs8.1, where the effects of the alleles at locus a are attenuated by the additive PI124112 allele at fsqs8.1. Roundest fruits are produced by homozygous for PI124112 at fsqs8.1 that do not carry any dominant A allele at locus a (PiPiaa). A significant interaction between fsqs8.1 and fsqs12.1 was also detected, with the alleles at fsqs12.1 producing more elongated fruits. fsqs8.1 seems to be allelic to QTL discovered in other populations where the exotic alleles produce elongated fruits. This model has been validated in assays with backcross lines along 3 years and ultimately obtaining a fsqs8.1-NIL (Near Isogenic Line) in 'Piel de Sapo' background which yields round melons.This work was supported by grants AGL2009-12698-C02-02 and AGL2012-40130-C02-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to AJM. AD was supported by a JAE-Doc contract from CSIC, MF by a Postdoctoral contract from GRAG, IE by a fellowship from the former Spanish Ministry of Education and BZ by a fellowship from Instituto Agronomico Mediterraneo de Zaragoza (IAMZ), Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Díaz Bermúdez, A.; Zarouri, B.; Fergany, M.; Eduardo, I.; Álvarez, JA.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ. (2014). Mapping and Introgression of QTL Involved in Fruit Shape Transgressive Segregation into 'Piel de Sapo' Melon (Cucucumis melo L.). PLoS ONE. 9(8):104188-104188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104188S10418810418898FAO (2014) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: FAOSTAT http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/Q/QC/EFerguson, A. R. (1999). KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS: BREEDING AND SELECTION. 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Prevalence of bleeding secondary to anticoagulation and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Supplementary data associated with this article can befound, in the online version, at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2021.06.015Introduction and purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients admitted with severe COVID- 19. However, there is limited data about the management of chronic anticoagulation therapy in these patients. We assessed the anticoagulation and incidence of major cardiovascular events in hospitalized patients with AF and COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively investigated all consecutive patients with AF admitted with COVID-19 between March and May 2020 in 9 Spanish hospitals. We selected a control group of non-AF patients consecutively admitted with COVID-19. We compared baseline characteristics, incidence of major bleed- ing, thrombotic events and mortality. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to minimize potential confounding variables, as well as a multivariate analysis to predict major bleeding and death. Results: 305 patients admitted with AF and COVID-19 were included. After PSM, 151 AF patients were matched with 151 control group patients. During admission, low-molecular-weight heparin was the principal anticoagulant and the incidence of major bleeding and mortality were higher in the AF group [16 (10.6%) vs 3 (2%), p = 0.003; 52 (34.4%) vs 35 (23.2%), p = 0.03, respectively]. The multivariate analysis showed the presence of AF as independent predictor of in-hospital major bleeding and mortality in COVID-19 patients. In AF group, a secondary multivariate analysis identified high levels of D-dimer as independent predictor of in-hospital major bleeding. Conclusions: AF patients admitted with COVID-19 represent a population at high risk for bleeding and mortality during admission. It seems advisable to individualize anticoagulation therapy during admission, considering patient specific bleeding and thrombotic risk.Antecedentes y objetivos: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es frecuente en pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 grave. Sin embargo, los datos sobre el manejo de la anticoagulación crónica en estos pacientes son escasos. Analizamos la anticoagulación y la incidencia de episodios cardiovasculares mayores en pacientes con FA ingresados por la COVID-19. Métodos: Retrospectivamente, se identificaron todos los pacientes con FA ingresados por la COVID-19 entre marzo y mayo de 2020, en 9 hospitales espa ̃noles. Se seleccionó un grupo control de pacientes ingresados consecutivamente por la COVID-19 sin FA. Se compararon las características basales, inci- dencia de hemorragias mayores, episodios trombóticos y mortalidad. Para reducir potenciales factores de confusión se realizó un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión, así como un análisis multivariante para predecir hemorragia mayor y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 305 pacientes con FA ingresados por la COVID-19. Tras el emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión, 151 pacientes con FA fueron emparejados con 151 controles. Durante el ingreso, la heparina de bajo peso molecular fue el principal anticoagulante y la incidencia de hemorragia mayor y mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo de FA (16[10,6%] vs. 3[2%], p = 0,003; 52[34,4%] vs. 35[23,2%], p = 0,03, respectivamente). El análisis multivariante demostró la presencia de FA como predictor indepen- diente de sangrados y mortalidad intrahospitalaria en los pacientes con la COVID-19. En el grupo de FA, un segundo análisis multivariante identificó valores elevados de dímero-D como predictor independiente de hemorragia mayor intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FA ingresados por la COVID-19 representan una población de alto riesgo de sangrado y mortalidad durante el ingreso. Parece recomendable individualizar la anticoagulación durante el ingreso, considerando el riesgo específico de sangrado y trombosis

Análisis, desarrollo e implantación de un sistema web de consulta y reserva on-line de grupos de prácticas para el alumnado

La libre elección del grupo de prácticas (tan demandada por el alumnado) y presente ahora mismo en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla necesita una herramienta que facilite la gestión de dicha oferta práctica tanto a los Departamentos como, y principalmente, al alumnado. El proyecto que aquí se presenta consiste, como se recoge en su título, en el desarrollo e implantación de un sistema que permita al alumnado conocer la oferta de grupos de prácticas de todas las asignaturas de la Licenciatura, además de la posibilidad de inscripción en el grupo deseado, todo ello de una forma totalmente virtual. Además de proporcionarle en todo momento información de su calendario de prácticas. El proyecto era en cierta forma ambicioso dado que pretendíamos establecer un sistema que unificase la oferta de la docencia práctica de todas las asignaturas de los estudios de Farmacia, con toda su variedad: prácticas de laboratorio, prácticas en el aula y prácticas en aula de informática, y además, que fuera un sistema flexible que permitiera también (en caso de ser necesario) incorporar docencias prácticas de otros estudios, por ejemplo estudios de postgrado

Comportamiento epidemiológico de la obesidad y factores de riesgo asociados en la población rural de Cumbe, Ecuador

Introducción: La obesidad constituye actualmente una de las más importantes pandemias a nivel mundial con importantes consecuencias personales, familiares y gubernamentales. Los datos epidemiológicos de la obesidad en poblaciones rurales de Ecuador son limitados, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la obesidad en individuos adultos de la parroquia rural de Cumbe, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de campo, analítico, transversal con muestreo aleatorio multietápico, que incluyó a 374 individuos de ambos sexos mayores a 18 años residenciados en la parroquia rural de Cumbe, a quienes se les aplicó historia clínica completa. La obesidad se definió según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística multivariante para la estimación de Odds Ratios (IC95%) para factores asociados a la obesidad. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 34,7% (n=140) y 19% (n=71). Las mujeres presentaron una mayor prevalencia de obesidad (21,8%), que los hombres (13,5%). Los factores asociados a obesidad fueron: el sexo femenino (OR=3,61; IC95%:1,38-9,47; p=0,009), el antecedente personal de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (OR=3,54; IC95%:1,10-11,39; p=0,034), ser exfumador (OR=3,48; IC95%:1,02-11,83; p=0,045), realizar actividad física baja (OR=2,17; IC95%:1,02-4,63; p=0,043), la circunferencia abdominal elevada (OR=3,23; IC95%:1,37-7,62, p=0,007) y el antecedente de hipertensión (OR=5,44, IC95%:2,04- 14,45; p=0,001). Conclusiones: Se evidenció una baja prevalencia de obesidad similar a las reportadas en el país, pero bajas en comparación de otras latitudes. Ser mujer, exfumador, realizar actividad física baja, hipertenso, diabético o con obesidad abdominal fueron los factores asociados a obesidad, por lo que deben tomarse en cuenta al momento de realizar la prevención y promoción de la salud