A survey on cyber security of CAV

With the ever fast developments of technologies in science and engineering, it is believed that CAV (connected and autonomous vehicles) will come into our daily life soon. CAV could be used in many different aspects in our lives such as public transportation and agriculture, and so on. Although CAV will bring huge benefits to our lives and society, issues such as cyber security threats, which may reveal drivers’ private information or even pose threat to driver’s life, present significant challenges before CAV can be utilised in our society. In computer science, there is a clear category of cyber security attacks while there is no specific survey on cyber security of CAV. This paper overviews different passive and active cyber security attacks which may be faced by CAV. We also present solutions of each of these attacks based on the current state-of-the-art, and discuss future improvements in research on CAV cyber security

Some ICT Systems for Increasing Occupational Safety with a Reference to the Seaport Environment

The paper presents some commercial ICT (Information and Communication Technology) solutions for increasing workers’ safety in invasive environments (e.g., steel industry, mining, construction, oil and gas rigs, seaports, etc.). It has been pointed to the need to increase safety measures, primarily because of the necessity to protect human lives and health, as well as to increase productivity and reduce the costs, which companies and insurance agencies have to cover in the case of accidents. The article also briefly describes some alternative solutions that have been examined at the level of simulations, in accordance to the actual needs and available resources at the Port of Bar (South Adriatic Sea). This seaport has been operating during the decades in the transitional conditions and it has been permanently faced with the impediments in providing sophisticated and expensive ICT solutions for occupational safety purposes

VANET Applications: Hot Use Cases

Current challenges of car manufacturers are to make roads safe, to achieve free flowing traffic with few congestions, and to reduce pollution by an effective fuel use. To reach these goals, many improvements are performed in-car, but more and more approaches rely on connected cars with communication capabilities between cars, with an infrastructure, or with IoT devices. Monitoring and coordinating vehicles allow then to compute intelligent ways of transportation. Connected cars have introduced a new way of thinking cars - not only as a mean for a driver to go from A to B, but as smart cars - a user extension like the smartphone today. In this report, we introduce concepts and specific vocabulary in order to classify current innovations or ideas on the emerging topic of smart car. We present a graphical categorization showing this evolution in function of the societal evolution. Different perspectives are adopted: a vehicle-centric view, a vehicle-network view, and a user-centric view; described by simple and complex use-cases and illustrated by a list of emerging and current projects from the academic and industrial worlds. We identified an empty space in innovation between the user and his car: paradoxically even if they are both in interaction, they are separated through different application uses. Future challenge is to interlace social concerns of the user within an intelligent and efficient driving

RC Car Conversion for Autonomous Driving

Tato práce se zabývá přestavbouRC modelu auta vhodného pro implementacisenzorůautonomníhořízení. Praktická část diplomové práce je rozdělena do pěti částí. První část se zabývá výběrem vhodného modelupro přestavbu.Na tuto kapitolu navazuje druhá část práce, kde je detailní analýza vybraného modelu ZMOTO Z3. Třetí částse zabývá výběrem mikrokontroleru, který bude zpracovávat program řízení. Dále jsou popsány konstrukční úpravy modelu.Poslední část práce se věnujepopisu řízení RC modelu pomocí Simulinku.This master’s thesis deals with rebuild of RC car model for use of autonomous sensors. Practical part of the thesis is divided to five main parts. The First part deals about selection of suitable RC model. Next part of thesis deals with detailed description of the RC model. The third part of thesis deals about selection of microcontroller which will be processing the model control. The fourth part of thesis deals about construction changes of the model. The last part of thesis deal about Simulink control of the vehicle.

Δίκτυα Συνδεδεμένων Οχημάτων : Τρέχουσα Κατάσταση και Ανοιχτές Προκλήσεις

Η ολοένα αυξανόμενη παραγωγή οχημάτων σε όλο τον κόσμο και ταυτόχρονα η μεγαλύτερη ανάγκη για ασφάλεια αλλά και μείωση των εκπομπών άνθρακα που ορίζει μια σύγχρονη κοινωνία, έχουν οδηγήσει τη αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία σε νέες προκλήσεις για την δημιουργία ασφαλέστερων και φιλικότερων προς το περιβάλλον προτύπων για το σύστημα των οδικών μεταφορών. Αυτές οι προκλήσεις με την βοήθεια των ραγδαίως αναπτυσσόμενων νέων τεχνολογιών έχουν φέρει στην επιφάνεια τα λεγόμενα ασύρματα δίκτυα συνδεμένων οχημάτων και καινοτόμες υπηρεσίες όπως το Vehicle to Everything. Αυτές οι υπηρεσίες έχουν πολύ ψηλές απαιτήσεις και θέτουν αυστηρές προκλήσεις στο δίκτυο όπως η αξιοπιστία των υπηρεσιών, το latency και το mobility management καθώς μιλάμε για πολύ δυναμικά περιβάλλοντα. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξηγεί τα ασύρματα δίκτυα συνδεδεμένων οχημάτων και αναλύει ξεχωριστά τις επικοινωνίες (ασύρματες και κυψελωτές) που χρησιμοποιούνται σε αυτά τα δίκτυα. Ακόμα εξετάζει υβριδικές μεθόδους ασύρματων και κυψελωτών τεχνολογιών για την αντιμετώπιση αρκετών ζητημάτων όπως το handover, ενώ το 5G υπόσχεται να δώσει λύσεις σε αρκετές προκλήσεις. Ακόμα γίνεται αναφορά στα δίκτυα οχημάτων αυτοματοποιημένης οδήγησης, τα αυτόνομα διασυνδεδεμένα οχήματα καθώς και στο fog computing για δίκτυα οχημάτων. Τέλος γίνεται μια εκτενής ανάλυση των απαιτήσεων - προκλήσεων ασφαλείας καθώς και πιθανών κακόβουλων επιθέσεων σε δίκτυα οχημάτων, ενώ παρουσιάζονται και τεχνικές για την διατήρηση της ιδιωτικότητας και της εμπιστευτικότητας για την διασφάλιση των επικοινωνιών.The increasing production of vehicles around the world and at the same time the greater need for safety but also the reduction of carbon emissions defined by a modern society, has led the automotive industry to new challenges in order to create safer and more environmentally friendly standards for the road transport system. These challenges, with the help of rapidly evolving new technologies, have brought to the surface so-called wireless interconnected vehicle networks and innovative services such as Vehicle to Everything. These services have very high requirements and pose severe challenges to the network such as service reliability, latency and mobility management as we are talking about very dynamic environments. This dissertation explains the wireless networks of connected vehicles and analyzes separately the communications (wireless and cellular) used in these networks. It is also considering hybrid methods of wireless and cellular technologies to address several issues such as handover, while 5G promises to provide solutions to several challenges. Reference is also made to automated driving vehicle networks, autonomous interconnected vehicles as well as fog computing for vehicle networks. Finally, an extensive analysis is made of the requirements - security challenges as well as possible malicious attacks on vehicle networks. Techniques for maintaining privacy and confidentiality to secure communications are also presented

Contrôle de la diffusion multi-saut pour la dissémination de messages d'alerte dans les réseaux véhiculaires

Les applications de sécurité routière sont la principale motivation des réseaux de véhicules, bien que d'autres applications de gestion du trafic routier et de divertissement soient envisagées. La communication par diffusion sur plusieurs sauts est une composante importante de ces applications telles que, la signalisation du danger sur la route où la diffusion sur plusieurs sauts est utilisée pour notifier un accident sur la route, une présence d'animal, un objet qui barre la route, un freinage brusque du véhicule en avant, etc. Comme l'information traitée dans ces applications est très critique et peut avoir un effet sur la vie humaine, la diffusion doit être rapide et fiable. Cependant, la diffusion de messages sur plusieurs sauts a de nombreux défis à relever tels que le problème de tempête de diffusion (à savoir, des retransmissions redondantes, une haute charge du canal, une grande contention sur le canal de communication et ainsi, un taux de perte de paquets élevé) dans le cas d'un réseau dense, et le problème de déconnexion quand le réseau est clairsemé. En plus, les applications de sécurité routière sont à temps critique et la satisfaction de leurs exigences est très difficile, car il y a un compromis entre la fiabilité de la dissémination et le délai de livraison. De nombreux travaux ont été menés ces dernières années et une large gamme de mécanismes ont été proposés. Néanmoins, la plupart d'entre eux souffrent toujours de problèmes de collisions quand le réseau est dense et une latence élevée quand la densité du réseau est faible. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier les protocoles permettant une livraison fiable et rapide de messages d'alerte, de comprendre leurs limites et de proposer une solution pour la dissémination rapide et fiable de l'information de sécurité dans un réseau de véhicule.Road safety applications are the main motivation of vehicular networks, although other road traffic management and entertainment applications are considered. The multi-hop broadcasting communication is an important component of these applications, such as Road Hazard Signaling application where the multi-hop broadcasting is used to notify an accident on the road, a presence of animal, an object that blocks the road, sudden braking of the vehicle in front, etc. As the information handled in these applications is very critical and can affect the human life the dissemination must be fast and reliable. However, broadcasting messages over several hops comes with many challenges to overcome such as broadcast storm problem (i.e. redundant retransmissions, high load of the channel, high contention on the communication channel and thus, high packet loss rate) in the case of dense network, and the problem of disconnection when the network is sparse. In addition, road safety applications are time-critical and satisfaction of their demands is very difficult because there is a trade-off between the dissemination reliability and the delivery delay. Many studies have been conducted in recent years and a variety of mechanisms have been proposed. However, most of them still suffer from problems of collisions when the network is dense and a high latency when the density of the network is low. The aim of this thesis is to analyze protocols allowing a reliable and fast delivery of alert messages, understand their limitations and propose a solution for fast and reliable dissemination of safety information in vehicular networks

Integración, testado y propuestas de mejora de una unidad de comunicación V2V

El propósito de este proyecto es la integración dos unidades de a bordo de comunicación entre vehículos según el estándar ETSI ITS G5, así como la caracterización de los componentes activos en la comunicación y la realización de cálculos teóricos y procesos experimentales para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento del sistema. El software utilizado para la comunicación V2X ha sido software libre desarrollado por el grupo CSS Labs de la Universidad de Paderborn, Alemania. Durante el proyecto, se ha caracterizado la unidad de a bordo mediante experimentos controlados en el laboratorio y finalmente, se ha realizado un experimento de campo final, recreando un entorno real de funcionamiento, que nos permitió medir la fiabilidad de las muestras GPS obtenidas, estimando el error introducido por el sistema GPS y el error acumulativo del odómetro del automóvil, además de conocer si hay relación entre la distancia entre vehículos y los mensajes CAM no recibidos entre las unidades de a bordo.Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e Ingeniería TelemáticaMáster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicació