Low power processor architecture and multicore approach for embedded systems

13301甲第4319号博士（工学）金沢大学博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：1.IEICE Transactions Vol. E98-C(7) pp.544-549 2015. IEICE. 共著者： S. Otani, H. Kondo. /2.Reuse 許可エビデンス送

Design and development of an embedded flash memory integrated simulator for the automotive microcontroller firmware validation

Applicazioni automotive possono compromettere la sicurezza delle persone pertanto i componenti devono essere affidabili in qualsiasi condizione operativa. L'affidabilità può essere raggiunta testando i dispositivi dopo la produzione, progettare il test è un compito delicato in quanto non sono presenti fisicamente i primi prototipi del dispositivo. Realizziamo un simulatore di memorie flash integrate di un microcontrollore automotive per facilitare la progettazione dei tes

Digital System Design - Use of Microcontroller

Embedded systems are today, widely deployed in just about every piece of machinery from toasters to spacecraft. Embedded system designers face many challenges. They are asked to produce increasingly complex systems using the latest technologies, but these technologies are changing faster than ever. They are asked to produce better quality designs with a shorter time-to-market. They are asked to implement increasingly complex functionality but more importantly to satisfy numerous other constraints. To achieve the current goals of design, the designer must be aware with such design constraints and more importantly, the factors that have a direct effect on them.One of the challenges facing embedded system designers is the selection of the optimum processor for the application in hand; single-purpose, general-purpose or application specific. Microcontrollers are one member of the family of the application specific processors.The book concentrates on the use of microcontroller as the embedded system?s processor, and how to use it in many embedded system applications. The book covers both the hardware and software aspects needed to design using microcontroller.The book is ideal for undergraduate students and also the engineers that are working in the field of digital system design.Contents• Preface;• Process design metrics;• A systems approach to digital system design;• Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors;• Instructions and Instruction sets;• Machine language and assembly language;• System memory; Timers, counters and watchdog timer;• Interfacing to local devices / peripherals;• Analogue data and the analogue I/O subsystem;• Multiprocessor communications;• Serial Communications and Network-based interfaces

Testing embedded software in a simulated environment

Abstract. In this master’s thesis, a simulation environment that can be used to execute embedded software’s unit tests is implemented. The purpose of the simulation is to make the development of the embedded firmware easier, cheaper, and faster. Also, the purpose is to make remote work easier by enabling unit test and integration test execution on a laptop. This topic has been researched a lot before and many different solutions and tools exist for embedded system simulation. Some of these solutions are introduced in this paper. After the introduction, two of the solutions are implemented for one embedded system that uses monolithic firmware. The solutions implemented are emulation based on the Unicorn emulator and a simulation with native execution on a PC. Each solution has advantages and disadvantages. But in this case, the native execution on a PC was better, as the test execution was two times faster than in Unicorn emulator and three times faster than in an embedded device. Native execution was also easier to implement than Unicorn emulator and could use free compilers like GCC and Clang. The biggest disadvantage with native execution was the low fidelity.Sulautetun ohjelmiston testaaminen simuloidussa ympäristössä. Tiivistelmä. Tässä diplomityössä tehdään simulointiympäristö, jolla voidaan ajaa sulautetun järjestelmän yksikkö- ja integraatiotestejä. Simulaation tarkoitus on tehdä sulautetun järjestelmän ohjelmistokehitys helpommaksi, halvemmaksi ja nopeammaksi. Lisäksi simulaatiolla saadaan tehtyä etätyöskentely helpommaksi, kun yksikkö- ja integraatiotestit voidaan ajaa kannettavalla tietokoneella. Sulautetun järjestelmän simulointia on tutkittu paljon ja simulointiin on kehitetty monia eri ratkaisuja ja työkaluja. Osa näistä työkaluista esitellään tässä diplomityössä. Esittelyn jälkeen toteutetaan kaksi eri simulointi ympäristöä yhdelle sulautetulle järjestelmälle. Toteutetut simulaatiot ovat: emulaatio joka tehdään Unicorn emulaattorilla ja simulaatio joka toteutetaan natiiviajona PC:llä. Molemmilla ratkaisuilla on hyvät ja huonot puolet. Mutta kokonaisuutena natiiviajo oli parempi tälle sulautetulle järjestelmälle, koska natiiviajo oli kaksi kertaa nopeampi kuin Unicorn emulaattori ja kolme kertaa nopeampi kuin sulautettu järjestelmä. Lisäksi natiiviajo oli helpompi toteuttaa kuin Unicorn emulaattori ja natiiviajossa voitiin käytettään ilmaisia kääntäjiä kuten GCC ja Clang. Huonoin puoli natiiviajossa oli se, että natiiviajon tarkkuus ei ollut kovin hyvä, eikä sillä näin ollen pystynyt testaamaan kaikkia asioita koodista

Implementation of Fingerprint Assist Wending Machine with Recharge Option

In this paper we propose an implementation technique for coffee vending machine with the goal of getting recharge option for customer using fingerprint-based authentication. We implement the proposed design based on Advance Virtual RISC (AVR) microcontroller. The circuit is tested and compared with the existing embedded technology. Among the various biometric traits (e.g., face, iris, fingerprint, voice), Fingerprint-based authentication has the longest history, and has been successfully adopted in both forensic and civilian applications. Advances in fingerprint capture technology have resulted in new large scale civilian applications. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of fingerprint-based recognition and discuss research opportunities for making these systems perform more effectively

Processor evaluation for low power frequency converter product family

Tässä työssä tutkitaan markkinoilla olevia tai lähitulevaisuudessa markkinoille saapuvia prosessoreja käytettäväksi pienitehoisissa taajuusmuuttajissa. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää prosessorin sopivuutta sovellukseen, jossa hinta on merkittävä tekijä. Tutkimuksessa esitettyjen vaatimusten perusteella houkuttelevimmat prosessorit otetaan tarkempaan tutkimukseen. Tarkemman selvityksen jälkeen vaatimuksia teknisesti mahdollisimman tarkasti vastaavat prosessorit pyydettiin valmistajalta testattavaksi. Testaaminen suoritettiin lopulta viidelle eri prosessorille, joista kaksi perustui samaan ytimeen. Testaamisen tavoitteena on selvittää prosessorin sopivuus käyttökohteeseensa. Sopivuus testattiin suorittamalla prosessoreissa taajuusmuuttajakäyttöä mallintavaa testikoodia. Tuloksina testikoodin ajamisesta saatiin tietyissä aliohjelmissa kulutettu aika sekä kulutetut kellosyklit. Suorituskyvyn lisäksi testaukseen kuului prosessorikohtaisen kääntäjän aikaansaaman koodin koko. Aliohjelmat sisälsivät sekä aritmeettisia, että loogisia operaatioita, joiden kombinaationa mahdollisimman hyvä sopivuus saatiin selvitettyä.The aim of this thesis is to study processors to be used in a low power frequency converter. Processors under investigation must be currently or in the near future in the market. The purpose is to examine suitability of a processor to an application in which price is an essential factor. The requirements presented in this study will determine which processor will be reviewed more closely. After a precise review, processor vendors was asked to provide as corresponding device as possible to a test. Testing was accomplished eventually with five different processors of which two were based on a same core. The aim of the testing was to investigate suitability of the processors to their target task. Suitability was tested by executing code that models frequency converter application. As a result, spent time and clock cycles are presented in certain functions. In addition to performance, the testing included evaluation of the size of the output code the compilers created. Functions under test consisted of a combination of arithmetic and logic operations that was used to interpret the suitability of the processor

Digital System Design - Use of Microcontroller

Embedded systems are today, widely deployed in just about every piece of machinery from toasters to spacecraft. Embedded system designers face many challenges. They are asked to produce increasingly complex systems using the latest technologies, but these technologies are changing faster than ever. They are asked to produce better quality designs with a shorter time-to-market. They are asked to implement increasingly complex functionality but more importantly to satisfy numerous other constraints. To achieve the current goals of design, the designer must be aware with such design constraints and more importantly, the factors that have a direct effect on them.One of the challenges facing embedded system designers is the selection of the optimum processor for the application in hand; single-purpose, general-purpose or application specific. Microcontrollers are one member of the family of the application specific processors.The book concentrates on the use of microcontroller as the embedded system?s processor, and how to use it in many embedded system applications. The book covers both the hardware and software aspects needed to design using microcontroller.The book is ideal for undergraduate students and also the engineers that are working in the field of digital system design.Contents• Preface;• Process design metrics;• A systems approach to digital system design;• Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors;• Instructions and Instruction sets;• Machine language and assembly language;• System memory; Timers, counters and watchdog timer;• Interfacing to local devices / peripherals;• Analogue data and the analogue I/O subsystem;• Multiprocessor communications;• Serial Communications and Network-based interfaces

Hardware description of a simplified 4-bit softcore processor with BCD capabilities

The objective of the work reported in this paper is to improve a 4-bit softcore processor previously designed in Verilog language, keeping its compact size. This processor was thought to be used as academic and didactic tool for teaching as computers architecture subject as digital circuits subject in the technology faculty of the Universidad Distrital. The new features include arithmetic instruction with input carry, BCD operations enabling, rotating instructions, implementation of input and output register banks, increase of the number of general purpose registers of the data memory, and the reduction of the execution clock cycles per instruction. Additionally, the assembler software was enabled to support macro-instructions to make easy the comprehension of some composed functions. As result, a very compact softcore processor was obtained, by means of a Verilog description done in a single file. This implementation occupies only the 2% of the medium-size FPGA used for the application, reaching a maximum possible working clock frequency of 929 Mhz