E-learning usage from a social constructivist learning approach: perspectives of Iraqi Kurdistan students in social studies classrooms

Background: Many schools in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region have incorporated information and communication technologies (ICT) into their environments. However, the results have shown that computer usage has had only a minimal effect on the classroom environment and learning outcomes. This minimal effect could be attributed to the teaching and learning of social studies subjects, which often rely on a traditional vision of teaching and an excessive inclusion of facts and dates in school textbooks. Consequently, students feel compelled to memorize all the information to pass tests. Yet, merely employing technology alongside traditional teaching and assessment approaches, such as lecturing or having students study in isolation without any form of collaborative learning, does not foster the development of students' higher-order thinking skills. It's time to revitalize school curricula and teaching practices to embrace a more contemporary, open-minded approach to social science education. This approach should incorporate a social constructivist perspective with technology to better instill international moral values such as democracy, respect for differences, and learning to live harmoniously with others. Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of a social constructivist learning approach on the acceptance of technology and its influence on perceived e-learning outcomes among students in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Additionally, this study examines the differences in the effects of the social constructivist learning approach and dimensions of technology acceptance on perceived e-learning outcomes between students studying social studies in Arabic and those studying social studies in English. Setting and participants: Data were gathered from both public and private schools in Erbil governorate, situated in northern Iraq and affiliated with the Ministry of Education-Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government. To select participants, a random sampling technique was employed, encompassing students in grades 8 through 12 of both genders. The data were obtained through a self-administered paper-based questionnaire. Instruments: Data were collected using a social constructivist learning environment survey (personal relevance, critical voice, shared control, uncertainty, student negotiation), dimensions of the attitude toward technology (attitude toward technology use, perceived usefulness, feeling ease of use, learning facility condition, and subjective norms), some additional external variables (investigation, respect for difference, student economic ability, and perceived e-learning outcomes), and socio-demographic data. Conclusion: This study is intended to emphasize the significance of employing constructivist pedagogy to enhance the technology acceptance model and improve learning outcomes. The findings of the study showed that a social constructivist learning environment had a favorable influence on perceived e-learning outcomes as well as ease of use, perceived usefulness, investigation, and respect for difference. Attitude towards technology use and perceived usefulness are contributory factors to the positive perceived e-learning outcomes. Furthermore, feeling ease of use technology has a positive effect on both attitude towards technology use and perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness also has a direct positive impact on attitudes towards technology use. Finally, students’ technological experience is positively correlated with feeling ease of use but not with perceived usefulness. Additionally, regarding the comparison between students studying social studies in Arabic and those in English, the findings demonstrated that students studying social studies in English showed stronger positive effects from the social constructivist learning environment on their perceived e-learning outcomes. Conversely, students studying social studies in Arabic demonstrated a more potent positive effect of perceived usefulness on their attitudes towards technology. Moreover, the positive impact of an attitude towards technology use on perceived e-learning outcomes was more pronounced among the Arabic students compared to their English counterparts. Additionally, the influence of the learning facility on the perceived ease of use, as well as the perceived usefulness of technology, differed between the two groups. The English group experienced a more substantial positive impact. However, there was no significant difference observed in the effect of feeling ease of use on attitudes towards technology use between the English and Arabic student groups. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the effect of perceived usefulness on the social constructivist learning environment for either group. The findings from this research are expected to contribute to the development of effective and efficient counseling and support intervention programs. These programs can play a crucial role in transforming teachers

A critical evaluation of the role of human resources in the transition towards sustainable business practices in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria.

Heightened pressure on those organisations that are to be held accountable for the impact of their processes on the societies and the environment in which they operate has resulted in sustainable business practices (SBPs) becoming a major area of focus in sustainability debates. Amidst growing research into various ways of achieving SBPs within organisations, relatively little consideration has been given to what role (if any) Human Resources (HR) can play in the transition towards SBPs implementation. This study addresses that concern by focusing on the understanding of HR's current involvement in sustainability from an organisational context, and their potential role(s) in supporting the transition towards SBPs implementation in oil and gas organisations in Nigeria. The oil and gas industry in Nigeria - an important case in the sustainability discourse, given their business activities have a high-level impact on the environment and the communities in which they operate - is utilised as a case study. In the process of exploring the issue of SBPs within the oil and gas industry in Nigeria, this research takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a holistic view of the understanding of how such practices are undertaken. The arguments of this research are therefore supported by viewpoints from the perspectives of ennvironmental science, management and sociology. An initial pilot questionnaire survey, focusing on Nigeria and the UK, was conducted to explore the level of knowledge about sustainability within the oil and gas industry among HR personnel. This was then followed by 18 semi-structured interviews, which were conducted across two data collection exercises in Nigeria. The data were analysed using thematic coding. Data were obtained using a qualitative approach due to the explorative nature of the research questions and the need to provide a comprehensive view of the research context. The sociology of organisation theory was used to underpin the study. Some of the research findings include: a) respondents had different perspectives of SBPs / sustainability and this can influence action taken with regards to SBPs implementation; b) the dynamics within the Nigerian oil and gas industry are complex, and HR need to be aware of this; c) there are three major actors within the industry, whose actions can either enable or hinder SBPs implementation; d) data indicate that HR appear to have a vital role to play in the sustainability discourse and in the transition towards SBPs implementation in Nigeria; e) there is currently no HR function focused on sustainability in Nigerian oil and gas organisations. A conceptual model – HR sustainability model – was developed from the results of the research, intended as a guide for HR professionals in supporting their organisation in transitioning towards SBPs implementation. Finally, this research contributes to the scarce (but growing) literature on sustainability in organisations through the lens of HR, by supporting the acceleration of SBPs implementation in oil and gas organisations

Using the technology acceptance model for exploring pre-service teachers’ perception towards online learning

E-learning has a positive impact on both teachers and students in terms of their willingness to learn and train, and their perceived attitudes towards an e-learning environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the behaviour of pre-service teachers towards the use of e-learning in a social science subject via the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The dimensions explored were perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (EU) and their influences on satisfaction (SN) and intention to use (IN) an online modern LMS named Course Networking (thecn.com). Data was collected via a survey and analysed quantitatively to support the investigation. The study involved 69 pre-service teachers pursuing their Bachelor of Education programme in a public university in Sabah, East Malaysia. The results reveal that there is moderate level of acceptance in the observed PU (mean = 3.82), EU (mean = 3.52), SN (mean = 3.35) and IN (mean = 3.82). A further examination on the relationships between the dimensions show that PU influences the intention to use online courses strongly (r = .63). On the other hand, EU also has a strong influence on SN (r = .68). As predicted, the mean score for PU (3.82) is higher than EU (3.52). The study shows that the design, pedagogical and navigational aspects of a course are important to obtain good SN and IN scores from the users

Afetividade negativa e intenção de abandono entre estudantes de Ciências Contábeis durante a pandemia da Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought negative effects on the mental health of the population. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, here called negative affectivity, were enhanced in the pandemic period, which may have had an impact on the students' intention to dropout their higher education courses, given the adversity scenario. In this context, this study aimed to verify the influence of negative affectivity on the dropout intention among accounting science students during the Covid-19 pandemic. For that, survey was carried out with 194 accounting science students at a public university. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. The structural model was developed in the light of the Theory of Planned Behavior, which made it possible to verify the influence of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the dropout intention. Furthermore, the model expands the scope of the theory by integrating the variable negative affectivity, formed by elements related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results showed that the dropout intention is influenced by the attitude towards dropout and by negative affectivity, so that an unfavorable attitude towards the behavior reduces the dropout intention, while a higher incidence of negative affectivity (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) enhances the student's intention to drop out the course. On the other hand, the subjective norm and the perceived behavioral control had no influence on the dropout intention, diverging from what is proposed by the Theory of Planned Behavior. From a managerial point of view, the research findings help university managers to develop strategies focused on student’s retention and on the promotion and preservation of mental health in the university environment, considering that, by improving the students’ psychological conditions, dropout levels tend to decrease. In addition, from a social point of view, the research contributes by promoting the debate on the importance of a healthy and favorable academic environment for the students’ psychological well-being.A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe efeitos negativos para a saúde mental da população. Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, aqui denominados de afetividade negativa, foram potencializados no período pandêmico, o que pode ter gerado um impacto na intenção dos estudantes de abandonar seus cursos superiores, tendo em vista o cenário de adversidades. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da afetividade negativa na intenção de abandono entre estudantes de ciências contábeis durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo survey com 194 estudantes do curso de ciências contábeis de uma universidade pública. Para a análise de dados, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise descritiva, análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais. O modelo estrutural foi desenvolvido à luz da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, que permitiu verificar a influência das atitudes, norma subjetiva e controle comportamental percebido sobre a intenção de abandono. Ainda, o modelo amplia o escopo da teoria ao integrar a variável afetividade negativa, formada por elementos relacionados a sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Os resultados evidenciaram que a intenção de abandono é influenciada pela atitude em relação ao abandono e pela afetividade negativa, de modo que uma atitude desfavorável ao comportamento reduz a intenção de abandono, enquanto uma maior incidência da afetividade negativa (i.e., sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse) potencializa a intenção do estudante deixar o curso. Por outro lado, a norma subjetiva e o controle comportamental percebido não apresentaram influência sobre a intenção de abandono, divergindo do que é proposto pela Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Do ponto de vista gerencial, os achados da pesquisa contribuem para que gestores universitários elaborem estratégias com foco na retenção de estudantes e na promoção e preservação da saúde mental no ambiente universitário, tendo em vista que, ao melhorar as condições psicológicas dos estudantes, os níveis de abandono tendem a reduzir. Além disso, do ponto de vista social, a pesquisa contribui ao promover o debate sobre a importância de um ambiente acadêmico saudável e favorável ao bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes

Factors that influence urban South African consumers' e-waste recycling behaviour : implementing the theory of planned behaviour

Technology advancement has led to a new societal challenge of e-waste, a highly complex amalgamation of chemicals, glass, precious metals and plastic that is extremely toxic when incorrectly disposed. Recycling is deemed as a method by which people can help reduce their impact on the environment with many studies aimed at understanding the factors that influence recycling behaviour. This study aimed to understand the factors that influence the e-waste recycling behaviour of urban South African consumers using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework for understanding underlying factors that influence behaviour. A quantitative study was undertaken with data collected through the distribution of a self-reported survey to a conveniently selected sample of which there were 160 respondents. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data collected and a model was constructed, using SEM regression analysis, to explain e-waste recycling behaviour. The findings revealed that social pressure is a leading influencing factor of e-waste recycling behaviour together with laws and regulation, inconvenience of recycling, past experience and cost of recycling. Environmental awareness and attitude towards e-waste recycling was not substantiated. The findings support future research and policy makers in developing laws that encourage the recycling of ewaste for the Planet’s sustainability.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.tk2020Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)MB

Performance enhancement of a GIS-based facility location problem using desktop grid infrastructure

This paper presents the integration of desktop grid infrastructure with GIS technologies, by proposing a parallel resolution method in a generic distributed environment. A case study focused on a discrete facility location problem, in the biomass area, exemplifies the high amount of computing resources (CPU, memory, HDD) required to solve the spatial problem. A comprehensive analysis is undertaken in order to analyse the behaviour of the grid-enabled GIS system. This analysis, consisting of a set of the experiments on the case study, concludes that the desktop grid infrastructure is able to use a commercial GIS system to solve the spatial problem achieving high speedup and computational resource utilization. Particularly, the results of the experiments showed an increase in speedup of fourteen times using sixteen computers and a computational efficiency greater than 87 % compared with the sequential procedure.This work has been developed under the support of the program Formacion de Personal Investigador, grants number BFPI/2009/103 and BES-2007-17019, from the Conselleria d'Educacio of the Generalitat Valenciana and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.García García, A.; Perpiñá Castillo, C.; Alfonso Laguna, CD.; Hernández García, V. (2013). Performance enhancement of a GIS-based facility location problem using desktop grid infrastructure. Earth Science Informatics. 6(4):199-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-013-0119-1S19920764Anderson D (2004) Boinc: a system for public-resource computing and storage. Proceedings of the 5th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing. IEEE Computer Society, Washington DC, pp 4–10Available scripts webpage: http://personales.upv.es/angarg12/Campos I et al (2012) Modelling of a watershed: a distributed parallel application in a grid framework. Comput Informat 27(2):285–296Church RL (2002) Geographical information systems and location science. Comput Oper Res 29:541–562Clarke KC (1986) Advances in geographic information systems, computers. Environ Urban Syst 10:175–184Dowers S, Gittings BM, Mineter MJ (2000) Towards a framework for high-performance geocomputation: handling vector-topology within a distributed service environment. Comput Environ Urban Syst 24:471–486Geograma SL (2009). Teleatlas. http://www.geograma.com . Accessed September 2009GRASS Development Team (2012) GRASS GIS. http://grass.osgeo.org/Hoekstra AG, Sloot PMA (2005) Introducing grid speedup: a scalability metric for parallel applications on the grid, EGC 2005, LNCS 3470, pp. 245–254Hu Y et al. (2004) Feasibility study of geo-spatial analysis using grid computing. Computational Science-ICCS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 956–963Huang Z et al (2009) Geobarn: a practical grid geospatial database system. Adv Electr Comput Eng 9:7–11Huang F et al (2011) Explorations of the implementation of a parallel IDW interpolation algorithm in a Linux cluster-based parallel GIS. Comput Geosci 37:426–434Laure E et al (2006) Programming the grid with gLite. CMST 12(1):33–45Li WJ et al (2005) The Design and Implementation of GIS Grid Services. In: Zhuge H, Fox G (eds) Grid and Cooperative Computing. Vol. 3795 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10. Springer, Berlin, pp 220–225National Geographic Institute (2010) BCN25: numerical cartographic database. http://www.ign.es/ign/main/index.do . Accessed April 2010Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc (2012) Open GIS Specification Model, http://www.opengeospatial.org/Openshaw S, Turton I (1996) A parallel Kohonen algorithm for the classification of large spatial datasets. Comput Geosci 22:1019–1026Perpiñá C, Alfonso D, Pérez-Navarro A (2007) BIODER project: biomass distributed energy resources assessment and logistic strategies for sitting biomass plants in the Valencia province (Spain), 17th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 387–393Perpiñá C et al (2008) Methodology based on Geographic Information Systems for biomass logistics and transport optimization. Renew Energ 34:555–565Shen Z et al (2007) Distributed computing model for processing remotely sensed images based on grid computing. Inf Sci 177:504–518Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and food (2009). http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/ . Accessed March 2009Spanish Ministry of Environment (2008). http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/ . Accessed May 2008University of California. List of BOINC projects. http://boinc.berkeley.edu/projects.phpXiao N, Fu W (2003) SDPG: Spatial data processing grid. J Comput Sci Technol 18:523–53

Supporting biodiversity studies with the EUBrazilOpenBio Hybrid Data Infrastructure

[EN] EUBrazilOpenBio is a collaborative initiative addressing strategic barriers in biodiversity research by integrating open access data and user-friendly tools widely available in Brazil and Europe. The project deploys the EU-Brazil Hybrid Data Infrastructure that allows the sharing of hardware, software and data on-demand. This infrastructure provides access to several integrated services and resources to seamlessly aggregate taxonomic, biodiversity and climate data, used by processing services implementing checklist cross-mapping and ecological niche modelling. A Virtual Research Environment was created to provide users with a single entry point to processing and data resources. This article describes the architecture, demonstration use cases and some experimental results and validation.EUBrazilOpenBio - Open Data and Cloud Computing e-Infrastructure for Biodiversity (2011-2013) is a Small or medium-scale focused research project (STREP) funded by the European Commission under the Cooperation Programme, Framework Programme Seven (FP7) Objective FP7-ICT-2011- EU-Brazil Research and Development cooperation, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil (CNPq) of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) under the corresponding matching Brazilian Call for proposals MCT/CNPq 066/2010. BSC authors also acknowledge the support of the grant SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under contract TIN2012-34557 and the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2009-SGR-980).Amaral, R.; Badia, RM.; Blanquer Espert, I.; Braga-Neto, R.; Candela, L.; Castelli, D.; Flann, C.... (2015). Supporting biodiversity studies with the EUBrazilOpenBio Hybrid Data Infrastructure. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 27(2):376-394. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3238S376394272EUBrazilOpenBio Consortium EU-Brazil Open Data and Cloud Computing e-Infrastructure for Biodiversity http://www.eubrazilopenbio.eu/Triebel, D., Hagedorn, G., & Rambold, G. (2012). An appraisal of megascience platforms for biodiversity information. MycoKeys, 5, 45-63. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.5.4302Edwards, J. L. (2000). Interoperability of Biodiversity Databases: Biodiversity Information on Every Desktop. 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Plant-wide modelling in wastewater treatment: showcasing experiences using the Biological Nutrient Removal Model

[EN] Plant-wide modelling can be considered an appropriate approach to represent the current complexity in water resource recovery facilities, reproducing all known phenomena in the different process units. Nonetheless, novel processes and new treatment schemes are still being developed and need to be fully incorporated in these models. This work presents a short chronological overview of some of the most relevant plant-wide models for wastewater treatment, as well as the authors' experience in plant-wide modelling using the general model BNRM (Biological Nutrient Removal Model), illustrating the key role of general models (also known as supermodels) in the field of wastewater treatment, both for engineering and research.Seco, A.; Ruano, MV.; Ruiz-Martínez, A.; Robles Martínez, Á.; Barat, R.; Serralta Sevilla, J.; Ferrer, J. (2020). Plant-wide modelling in wastewater treatment: showcasing experiences using the Biological Nutrient Removal Model. Water Science & Technology. 81(8):1700-1714. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.056S17001714818Barat, R., Montoya, T., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2011). Modelling biological and chemically induced precipitation of calcium phosphate in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. Water Research, 45(12), 3744-3752. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.028Barat, R., Serralta, J., Ruano, M. V., Jiménez, E., Ribes, J., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2013). Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2): a general model for wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, 67(7), 1481-1489. doi:10.2166/wst.2013.004Batstone, D. J., Hülsen, T., Mehta, C. M., & Keller, J. (2015). Platforms for energy and nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater: A review. Chemosphere, 140, 2-11. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.021Borrás F. L. 2008 Técnicas microbiológicas aplicadas a la identificación y cuantificación de organismos presentes en sistemas EBPR (Microbiological Techniques Applied to Identification and Quantification of Organisms Present in EBPR Systems). PhD Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.Claros, J., Jiménez, E., Aguado, D., Ferrer, J., Seco, A., & Serralta, J. (2013). Effect of pH and HNO2 concentration on the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a partial nitritation reactor. Water Science and Technology, 67(11), 2587-2594. doi:10.2166/wst.2013.132Copp, J. B., Jeppsson, U., & Rosen, C. (2003). TOWARDS AN ASM1 – ADM1 STATE VARIABLE INTERFACE FOR PLANT-WIDE WASTEWATER TREATMENT MODELING. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2003(7), 498-510. doi:10.2175/193864703784641207Dorofeev, A. G., Nikolaev, Y. A., Kozlov, M. N., Kevbrina, M. V., Agarev, A. M., Kallistova, A. Y., & Pimenov, N. V. (2017). Modeling of anammox process with the biowin software suite. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 53(1), 78-84. doi:10.1134/s0003683817010100Drewnowski, J., Zaborowska, E., & Hernandez De Vega, C. (2018). Computer Simulation in Predicting Biochemical Processes and Energy Balance at WWTPs. E3S Web of Conferences, 30, 03007. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20183003007Durán F. 2013 Modelación matemática del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales urbanas incluyendo las bacterias sulfatorreductoras. Aplicación a un biorreactor anaerobio de membranas (Mathematical Model of Urban Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment Including Sulphate Reducing Bacteria. Application to an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor). PhD Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.Ekama, G. A. (2009). Using bioprocess stoichiometry to build a plant-wide mass balance based steady-state WWTP model. Water Research, 43(8), 2101-2120. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.036EPA 2006 User's manual version 4.03 2006. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ceam/minteqa2-equilibrium-speciation-model (accessed July 2019).Fernández-Arévalo, T., Lizarralde, I., Fdz-Polanco, F., Pérez-Elvira, S. I., Garrido, J. M., Puig, S., … Ayesa, E. (2017). Quantitative assessment of energy and resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants based on plant-wide simulations. Water Research, 118, 272-288. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.001Ferrer, J., Seco, A., Serralta, J., Ribes, J., Manga, J., Asensi, E., … Llavador, F. (2008). DESASS: A software tool for designing, simulating and optimising WWTPs. Environmental Modelling & Software, 23(1), 19-26. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.04.005Ferrer J., Seco A., Ruano M. V., Ribes J., Serralta J., Gómez T., Robles A. 2011 LoDif BioControl® Control Software, Intellectual Property. Main Institution: Universitat de València; Universitat Politècnica de València.Flores-Alsina, X., Corominas, L., Snip, L., & Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2011). Including greenhouse gas emissions during benchmarking of wastewater treatment plant control strategies. Water Research, 45(16), 4700-4710. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.040Flores-Alsina, X., Arnell, M., Amerlinck, Y., Corominas, L., Gernaey, K. V., Guo, L., … Jeppsson, U. (2014). Balancing effluent quality, economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions during the evaluation of (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in WWTPs. Science of The Total Environment, 466-467, 616-624. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.046Flores-Alsina, X., Kazadi Mbamba, C., Solon, K., Vrecko, D., Tait, S., Batstone, D. J., … Gernaey, K. V. (2015). A plant-wide aqueous phase chemistry module describing pH variations and ion speciation/pairing in wastewater treatment process models. Water Research, 85, 255-265. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.014Ge, Z. (2017). Review on data-driven modeling and monitoring for plant-wide industrial processes. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 171, 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2017.09.021Grau, P., de Gracia, M., Vanrolleghem, P. A., & Ayesa, E. (2007). A new plant-wide modelling methodology for WWTPs. Water Research, 41(19), 4357-4372. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.019Grau, P., Copp, J., Vanrolleghem, P. A., Takács, I., & Ayesa, E. (2009). A comparative analysis of different approaches for integrated WWTP modelling. Water Science and Technology, 59(1), 141-147. doi:10.2166/wst.2009.589Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., van Loosdrecht M. C. M. 2000 Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. IWA Scientific and Technical Report No.9. IWA Publishing, London, UK.Jeppsson, U., & Pons, M.-N. (2004). The COST benchmark simulation model—current state and future perspective. Control Engineering Practice, 12(3), 299-304. doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2003.07.001Jeppsson, U., Rosen, C., Alex, J., Copp, J., Gernaey, K. V., Pons, M.-N., & Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2006). Towards a benchmark simulation model for plant-wide control strategy performance evaluation of WWTPs. Water Science and Technology, 53(1), 287-295. doi:10.2166/wst.2006.031Ji, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, D., Zhou, P., & Zheng, Z. (2018). Development of model simulation based on BioWin and dynamic analyses on advanced nitrate nitrogen removal in deep bed denitrification filter. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 42(2), 199-212. doi:10.1007/s00449-018-2025-xJiménez, E., Giménez, J. B., Ruano, M. V., Ferrer, J., & Serralta, J. (2011). Effect of pH and nitrite concentration on nitrite oxidation rate. Bioresource Technology, 102(19), 8741-8747. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.092Jiménez, E., Giménez, J. B., Seco, A., Ferrer, J., & Serralta, J. (2012). Effect of pH, substrate and free nitrous acid concentrations on ammonium oxidation rate. Bioresource Technology, 124, 478-484. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.079Kazadi Mbamba, C., Flores-Alsina, X., John Batstone, D., & Tait, S. (2016). Validation of a plant-wide phosphorus modelling approach with minerals precipitation in a full-scale WWTP. Water Research, 100, 169-183. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.003Kazadi Mbamba, C., Lindblom, E., Flores-Alsina, X., Tait, S., Anderson, S., Saagi, R., … Jeppsson, U. (2019). Plant-wide model-based analysis of iron dosage strategies for chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment systems. Water Research, 155, 12-25. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.048Liu, Y., Peng, L., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., Wang, D., Pan, Y., … Ni, B.-J. (2016). Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide Emission from Sulfide- and Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification Processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(17), 9407-9415. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b02202Lizarralde, I., Fernández-Arévalo, T., Brouckaert, C., Vanrolleghem, P., Ikumi, D. S., Ekama, G. A., … Grau, P. (2015). A new general methodology for incorporating physico-chemical transformations into multi-phase wastewater treatment process models. Water Research, 74, 239-256. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.031Lizarralde, I., Fernández-Arévalo, T., Manas, A., Ayesa, E., & Grau, P. (2019). Model-based opti mization of phosphorus management strategies in Sur WWTP, Madrid. Water Research, 153, 39-52. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.056Maere, T., Verrecht, B., Moerenhout, S., Judd, S., & Nopens, I. (2011). BSM-MBR: A benchmark simulation model to compare control and operational strategies for membrane bioreactors. Water Research, 45(6), 2181-2190. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.01.006Mannina, G., Ekama, G., Caniani, D., Cosenza, A., Esposito, G., Gori, R., … Olsson, G. (2016). Greenhouse gases from wastewater treatment — A review of modelling tools. Science of The Total Environment, 551-552, 254-270. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.163Martí, N., Barat, R., Seco, A., Pastor, L., & Bouzas, A. (2017). Sludge management modeling to enhance P-recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Environmental Management, 196, 340-346. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.074Moretti, P., Choubert, J.-M., Canler, J.-P., Buffière, P., Pétrimaux, O., & Lessard, P. (2017). Dynamic modeling of nitrogen removal for a three-stage integrated fixed-film activated sludge process treating municipal wastewater. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 41(2), 237-247. doi:10.1007/s00449-017-1862-3Nagy, J., Kaljunen, J., & Toth, A. J. (2019). Nitrogen recovery from wastewater and human urine with hydrophobic gas separation membrane: experiments and modelling. Chemical Papers, 73(8), 1903-1915. doi:10.1007/s11696-019-00740-xNewhart, K. B., Holloway, R. W., Hering, A. S., & Cath, T. Y. (2019). Data-driven performance analyses of wastewater treatment plants: A review. Water Research, 157, 498-513. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.030Nopens, I., Batstone, D. J., Copp, J. B., Jeppsson, U., Volcke, E., Alex, J., & Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2009). An ASM/ADM model interface for dynamic plant-wide simulation. Water Research, 43(7), 1913-1923. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.012Nopens, I., Benedetti, L., Jeppsson, U., Pons, M.-N., Alex, J., Copp, J. B., … Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2010). Benchmark Simulation Model No 2: finalisation of plant layout and default control strategy. Water Science and Technology, 62(9), 1967-1974. doi:10.2166/wst.2010.044Ontiveros, G. A., & Campanella, E. A. (2013). Environmental performance of biological nutrient removal processes from a life cycle perspective. Bioresource Technology, 150, 506-512. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.059Penya-Roja, J. M., Seco, A., Ferrer, J., & Serralta, J. (2002). Calibration and Validation of Activated Sludge Model No.2d for Spanish Municipal Wastewater. Environmental Technology, 23(8), 849-862. doi:10.1080/09593332308618360Pretel, R., Robles, A., Ruano, M. V., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2016). A plant-wide energy model for wastewater treatment plants: application to anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology. Environmental Technology, 37(18), 2298-2315. doi:10.1080/09593330.2016.1148903Pretel, R., Robles, A., Ruano, M. V., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2016). Economic and environmental sustainability of submerged anaerobic MBR-based (AnMBR-based) technology as compared to aerobic-based technologies for moderate-/high-loaded urban wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.004Rehman, U., Audenaert, W., Amerlinck, Y., Maere, T., Arnaldos, M., & Nopens, I. (2017). How well-mixed is well mixed? Hydrodynamic-biokinetic model integration in an aerated tank of a full-scale water resource recovery facility. Water Science and Technology, 76(8), 1950-1965. doi:10.2166/wst.2017.330Rieger L., Gillot S., Langergraber G., Ohtsuki T., Shaw A., Takacs I., Winkler S. 2012 Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models Scientific and Technical report No. 21. EWA Task Group on Good Modelling Practice. IWA Publishing Volume 11.Robles, A., Ruano, M. V., Ribes, J., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2014). Model-based automatic tuning of a filtration control system for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Journal of Membrane Science, 465, 14-26. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.012Robles, A., Capson-Tojo, G., Ruano, M. V., Seco, A., & Ferrer, J. (2018). Real-time optimization of the key filtration parameters in an AnMBR: Urban wastewater mono-digestion vs. co-digestion with domestic food waste. Waste Management, 80, 299-309. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.031Ruano, M. V., Serralta, J., Ribes, J., Garcia-Usach, F., Bouzas, A., Barat, R., … Ferrer, J. (2012). Application of the general model ‘Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 1’ to upgrade two full-scale WWTPs. Environmental Technology, 33(9), 1005-1012. doi:10.1080/09593330.2011.604877Seco, A., Ribes, J., Serralta, J., & Ferrer, J. (2004). Biological nutrient removal model No.1 (BNRM1). Water Science and Technology, 50(6), 69-70. doi:10.2166/wst.2004.0361Serralta, J., Ferrer, J., Borrás, L., & Seco, A. (2004). An extension of ASM2d including pH calculation. Water Research, 38(19), 4029-4038. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.009Shoener, B. D., Schramm, S. M., Béline, F., Bernard, O., Martínez, C., Plósz, B. G., … Guest, J. S. (2019). Microalgae and cyanobacteria modeling in water resource recovery facilities: A critical review. Water Research X, 2, 100024. doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2018.100024Solon, K., Flores-Alsina, X., Kazadi Mbamba, C., Ikumi, D., Volcke, E. I. P., Vaneeckhaute, C., … Jeppsson, U. (2017). Plant-wide modelling of phosphorus transformations in wastewater treatment systems: Impacts of control and operational strategies. Water Research, 113, 97-110. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.007Solon, K., Jia, M., & Volcke, E. I. P. (2019). Process schemes for future energy-positive water resource recovery facilities. Water Science and Technology, 79(9), 1808-1820. doi:10.2166/wst.2019.183Vanrolleghem, P. A., Rosen, C., Zaher, U., Copp, J., Benedetti, L., Ayesa, E., & Jeppsson, U. (2005). Continuity-based interfacing of models for wastewater systems described by Petersen matrices. Water Science and Technology, 52(1-2), 493-500. doi:10.2166/wst.2005.055

3D survey and semantic analysis for the documentation of built heritage. The case study of Palazzo Centrale of Pavia University

[EN] In the procedures regarding built heritage documentation, the process of representing the object in a digital environment is characterized by a high level of complexity. In fact, the need to process heterogeneous information, referring to quantity, quality and format is one of the main emerging issues. Recent technologies of digitization of our built environment offer excellent performances on data reliability and time of acquisition. On the other hand, they bring about new challenges regarding how to define methodologies and strategies to effectively elaborate such information. A possible way to optimize the use of these data is by implementing them into informative systems: these tools have great potential in the creation of multi-layered representations and offer extensive possibilities for interpretations and analyses. This research, carried out by the laboratories DAdaLab and PLAY of the University of Pavia, focuses on the University’s Palazzo Centrale and aims at developing a precise methodological approach: starting from the 3D acquisition, the survey data are discretized – through critical processes of semantic analysis and breakdown – and later implemented into informative databases. Moreover, the architectural characters, construction phases and the strong bond with the urban setting make the case study particularly valuable; therefore, it represents an excellent opportunity to point out the potentials of this approach to the definition of management tools for the conservation of built heritage.Miceli, A.; Morandotti, M.; Parrinello, S. (2020). 3D survey and semantic analysis for the documentation of built heritage. The case study of Palazzo Centrale of Pavia University. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability. 5(1):65-80. https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2020.13634OJS658051Attenni, M. (2019) Informative Models for Architectural Heritage. Heritage, 2, 2067-2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030125Bertocci, S., Bua, S., Parrinello, S., Picchio, F. (2014) Montepulciano 3D: virtual models for urban planning and development of the urban environment. Disegnarecon, 7(13), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1828-5961/4152Bianchini, C., Inglese, C., Ippolito, A. (2016) The role of BIM (Building Information Modeling) for representation and managing of built and historic artifacts. Disegnarecon, 9(16), 10.1-10.9.De Luca, L. (2011) Towards the semantic characterization of digital representations of architectural arctifacts: programmatic lines of research. Disegnarecon, 4, 99-106. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1828-5961/2574Della Torre, S. (2010) Conservazione programmata: i risvolti economici di un cambio di paradigma. Il Capitale culturale - Studies on value of cultural heritage, 1, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/30Dore, C., Murphy, M. (2012) Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and 3D GIS for Recording and Managing Cultural Heritage Sites. 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia: "Virtual Systems in the Information Society", Milano 2-5 September. https://doi.org/10.1109/VSMM.2012.6365947Erba, L. (1976) Guida storico-artistica dell'Università di Pavia. Fusi Editore, Pavia.Giannattasio C., Papa L.M., D'Agostino P., D'Auria S. (2020) The BIM Model for Existing Building Heritage: From the Geometric Data Acquisition to the Information Management. In: Agustín-Hernández L., Vallespín Muniesa A., Fernández-Morales A. (eds) Graphical Heritage. EGA 2020. Springer Series in Design and Innovation, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47979-4_28Messaoudi, T., Véron, P., Halin, G., De Luca, L. (2017) An ontological model for the reality-based 3d annotation of heritage building conservation state. Journal of cultural heritage, 29, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.05.017Miatton, C., Parinello, S. (2017) Descriptive models for the managment of the maintenance work on the façade of the Basilica of San Michele in Pavia. 3D Modeling & BIM Progettazione, design, proposte per la ricostruzione. Roma. 19-20 April.Moles, A. A. (1972) Teoria informazionale dello schema. Versus, 2, 29-37.Morandotti, M., Parrinello, S., Picchio, F., Becherini, P., De Marco, R., Dell'Amico, A., Doria, E., Galasso, F., Malusardi, C. (2019) L'Università di Pavia. I cortili e gli ambienti monumentali. Un progetto di documentazione digitale e sviluppo di sistemi di gestione per la manutenzione programmata. VII Convegno Internazionale sulla documentazione, conservazione, recupero del patrimonio architettonico e sulla tutela paesaggistica. ReUSO2019, Matera, 23-26 October.Niglio, O. (2017) Memory and Technology. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, 2 (2), viii. https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2017.9008Oreni, D., Brumana, R., Georgopoulos,A., Cuca, B. (2013) HBIM for Conservation and Management of Built Heritage: Towards a Library of Vaults and Wooden Bean Floors. ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., II-5/W1, 215-221. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-215-2013Paris, L., Wahbeh, W. (2016) Survey and representation of the parametric geometries in HBIM. Disegnarecon, 9(16), 12.1-12.9.Parrinello, S., Gómez-Blanco Pontes, A., Picchio, F., Rodriguez Moreno, C., Rivas López, E. (2019) An integrated system for documentation, analysis and management of the architectural heritage: the general and the parts of the Generalife Palace. EGA Revista de Expression Grafica Arquitectonica 24(35) 140-151. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.9527Parrinello, S., Picchio, F., Becherini, P., De Marco, R. (2017) Methodological evolution and representative protocols for charterhouses complex. 39° Convegno internazionale dei docenti delle discipline della rappresentazione, XIV Congresso Unione Italiana Per Il Disegno (UID). Territori e frontiere della rappresentazione, Napoli, 14-16 September.Parrinello, S., Picchio, F., De Marco, R., Dell'Amico, A. (2020) Prometheus. Protocols for information models libraries tested on heritage of Upper Kama sites. Il Simposio UID di internazionalizzazione della ricerca. Patrimoni culturali, Architettura, Paesaggio e Design tra ricerca e sperimentazione didattica, Matera, 22 October.Parrinello, S., Picchio, F., Dell'Amico, A., De Marco, R. (2020) A Digital Model for the Management of Museum of Alhambra Complex: The Digital Documentation of Mezquita Bath itale dei bagni della Mezquita. Il Simposio UID di internazionalizzazione della ricerca. Patrimoni culturali, Architettura, Paesaggio e Design tra ricerca e sperimentazione didattica, Matera, 22 October.Picchio, F. (2016) Configuration of virtual landscape of historical centre of Pavia. The Drawing for the abstraction of urban complexity. 38° Convegno internazionale dei docenti delle discipline della rappresentazione, XIII Congresso Unione Italiana Per Il Disegno (UID). Le ragioni del disegno, Firenze, 15-17 September.Picchio, F. (2017) La catalogación de los elementos arquitectónicos. In: Parrinello, S., Gómez-Blanco, A., Picchio, F., El palacio del Generalife. Del levantamiento digital al proyecto de gestion. Pavia University Press, Pavia.Pocobelli, D.P., Boehm, J., Bryan, P., Still, J,m Grau-Bovè, J. (2018) BIM for Heritage Science: a Review. Heritage Science 6, 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0191-4Quattrini, R., Clini, P., Nespeca, R., Ruggeri, L. (2016) Measurement and Historical Information Building: challenges and opportunities in the representation of semantically structured 3D content. Disegnarecon, 9, 14.1-14.11.Stefani, C., Brunetaud, X., Janvier-Badosa, S., Beck, K., De Luca, L., Al-Mukhtar, M. (2012) 3D Information System for the Digital Documentation and the Monitoring of Stone Alteration. In: Ioannides M., Fritsch D., Leissner J., Davies R., Remondino F., Caffo R. (eds) Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation. EuroMed 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7616. Springer, Berlin & Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_33Yang, X., Lu, Y., Murtiyoso A., Koehl, M., Grussenmeyer, P. (2019) HBIM Modeling from the Surface Mesh and its Extended Capability of Knowledge Representation. International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(301), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi807030

Multi-Scale Hydrometeorological Modeling, Land Data Assimilation and Parameter Estimation with the Land Information System

The Land Information System (LIS; http://lis.gsfc.nasa.gov) is a flexible land surface modeling framework that has been developed with the goal of integrating satellite-and ground-based observational data products and advanced land surface modeling techniques to produce optimal fields of land surface states and fluxes. As such, LIS represents a step towards the next generation land component of an integrated Earth system model. In recognition of LIS object-oriented software design, use and impact in the land surface and hydrometeorological modeling community, the LIS software was selected as a co-winner of NASA?s 2005 Software of the Year award.LIS facilitates the integration of observations from Earth-observing systems and predictions and forecasts from Earth System and Earth science models into the decision-making processes of partnering agency and national organizations. Due to its flexible software design, LIS can serve both as a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) for hydrologic research to enable accurate global water and energy cycle predictions, and as a Decision Support System (DSS) to generate useful information for application areas including disaster management, water resources management, agricultural management, numerical weather prediction, air quality and military mobility assessment. LIS has e volved from two earlier efforts -- North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) that focused primarily on improving numerical weather prediction skills by improving the characterization of the land surface conditions. Both of GLDAS and NLDAS now use specific configurations of the LIS software in their current implementations.In addition, LIS was recently transitioned into operations at the US Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) to ultimately replace their Agricultural Meteorology (AGRMET) system, and is also used routinely by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for their land data assimilation systems to support weather and climate modeling. LIS not only consolidates the capabilities of these two systems, but also enables a much larger variety of configurations with respect to horizontal spatial resolution, input datasets and choice of land surface model through "plugins". LIS has been coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to support studies of land-atmosphere coupling be enabling ensembles of land surface states to be tested against multiple representations of the atmospheric boundary layer. LIS has also been demonstrated for parameter estimation, who showed that the use of sequential remotely sensed soil moisture products can be used to derive soil hydraulic and texture properties given a sufficient dynamic range in the soil moisture retrievals and accurate precipitation inputs.LIS has also recently been demonstrated for multi-model data assimilation using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for sequential assimilation of soil moisture, snow, and temperature.Ongoing work has demonstrated the value of bias correction as part of the filter, and also that of joint calibration and assimilation.Examples and case studies demonstrating the capabilities and impacts of LIS for hydrometeorological modeling, assimilation and parameter estimation will be presented as advancements towards the next generation of integrated observation and modeling system