A gender perspective on entrepreneurial leadership:female leaders in Kazakhstan

The paper proposes a conceptual model to understand female entrepreneurial leadership through an exploration of the perceptions and experiences of women entrepreneurs within their leadership roles. The paper addresses an existing knowledge gap on entrepreneurial leadership by bringing together three key constructs of gender, leadership and entrepreneurship. We apply Stewart's model of role demands-constraints-choices (DCC) to women entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan in order to understand their perceptions of the demands, constraints and choices they experience within their leadership roles. The results of in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs present deeper conceptualization of their leadership enactment as a co-developing, co-constructed relational activity between leaders and others in their wider business environments and context

China's new corporate rescue laws: perspectives and principles

This article considers the new corporate insolvency legislation that came into force in China in June 2007. This law is part of a remarkable transformation in the Chinese economy in recent years. Significant numbers of ailing state owned enterprises have been reformed and subjected to hard budgetary constraints, while the private sector has grown dramatically. Market forces play a greater role, whereas the economy was previously tightly controlled by the state. These changes, together with pressures arising from external bodies such as the European Union, led to an urgent need for the adoption of the revised insolvency law, which has at its heart corporate rescue procedures. This article considers the content of this new law, the background to it, and also assesses the prospects for its operation. In particular attention is paid to the level of scope for state interference in the operation of the law

From Training to Labour Market. Holocletic Model.

The desired professional insertion (placement) after training is under the influence of personal and exogenous variables. In the present paper we identify the constraints and devices that, in an interactive way, can shape and affect the professional insertion. This paper is a result of a subchapter of the author’s PhD dissertation. The helpfulness of the meanings and definitions is clearly reliant on the study framework. We aim to provide to the reader a set of elements that help to distinguish, to compare and turn out accessible the eclectic dominant mainstream, in order to standardized, to clarify and to apply concepts in future research works and studies. We also suggest a study model with a different point of view.employment attainment, vocational training, job search methods, constraints factors, devices, employment, unemployment.

Some Econometric Evidence on the Effectiveness of Active Labour Market Programmes in East Germany

In this paper we summarise our previous results on the effectiveness of different kinds of labour market training programmes as well as employment programmes in East Germany after unification. All the studies use the microeconometric evaluation approach and are based on different types of matching estimators. We find some positive earnings effect for on-the-job training and also some positive employment effects for employment programmes. No such effects appear for public sector sponsored (off-the-job) training programmes. Generally, the scope of such analysis is very much hampered by the insufficient quality and quantity of the data available for East Germany. Although in particular the results for public sector sponsored training programmes raise serious doubts about the effectiveness of these programmes, any definite policy conclusion from this and other studies about active labour market policy in East Germany would probably be premature.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39702/3/wp318.pd

Blocked Transition And Post-Socialist Transformation: Serbia in the Nineties

This paper is showing that Serbia in the nineties was an interesting case of postsocialist transformation in spite of the greatly blocked transition. The key sign of the post-socialist transformation has been the formation of a new transformative social force – formation of entrepreneurs and of the strata of social owners. Initial transformation of ownership relations in Serbia began in the 1990-1991. period, with limited privatization of some 40% of all former “socially owned” enterprises . Privatization of such firms was practically blocked in 1992-2000. period. Some comments on ownership transformation after the regime change at the end of year 2000 are given in the paper. There was an autonomous growth of the private sector during the nineties generated by the formation of some 200.000 new private firms. It was shown in the paper that some branches, like retail trade, have been de facto privatized thanks to the predominance in trade business of new private retail trade firms. Social features of new entrepreneurs in Serbia have been analyzed, based on author’ s surveys. Positive impact of new entrepreneurs has been not only in generating and enforcing systemic changes by the end of nineties, but also in preventing overall aggravation of living conditions of people in Serbia in this period. New entrepreneurs were spreading new life orientations, innovativeness, readiness to take responsibility for one’s life, especially among the young generations. The author believes that post-socialist transformation in the nineties facilitated regime change in the Fall of year 2000.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40012/3/wp626.pd

Winners and losers in the global economy : recent trends in the international division of labour and policy challenges

Globalised markets and production patterns offer favourable opportunities to raise world income. Yet globalisation also fuels conflicts about the distribution of welfare gains within and across countries. Various developing economies are poorly prepared to meet the challenge of fiercer competition on world goods and factor markets. In industrialised countries, low-skilled workers face mounting adjustment pressures. Multilateral trade liberalisation represents a "win-win strategy", with only a few possible exceptions in the short run. The neomercantilist notion that the removal of trade barriers is a concession to foreign trading partners is grossly fallacious. Income gains are mainly due to the countries' own liberalisation measures. Developing countries could have raised their share in world welfare gains if they had committed themselves more strongly to binding trade liberalisation during the Uruguay Round negotiations. Foreign trade and direct investment patterns reveal that the international division of labour is progressing not only in a regional context but also on a truly global scale. The opportunities for new competitors for foreign capital and technology transfers depend on domestic economic policies in the first place. Exogenous factors such as the recent revival of regional integration, autonomous locational decisions taken by multilateral corporations, and technological developments cannot be blamed for failures in benefiting from globalisation. The strikingly different economic performance of developing countries in globalised markets and production is clearly related to the progress made with respect to macroeconomic stabilisation, physical and human capital formation, and openness towards world goods and capital markets. Asian-type success stories could be repeated elsewhere, once governments have become aware that they can no longer pursue economic policies of their own liking. The Triad of the EU, Japan and the United States will come under fiercer adjustment pressure if more developing countries become involved in globalisation. Industrialised countries have little choice but to promote human capital formation in order to strengthen their comparative advantages in skill-intensive lines of production. Adjustment needs have been handled most effectively in Japan so far. By contrast, high unemployment in the EU, especially of low-skilled workers, appears to be the price that has to be paid for insufficient wage flexibility and structural change. --

Industrial Parks in Russia: Conceptual Development of Projects

The paper presents a theoretical framework of industrial parks effectiveness as an element of economic policy to accelerate economy development in regions or municipalities. The article studies how historically such instruments were used in modern Russia. The paper states the necessity of extensive development of the industrial park concept and how it affects the chances of project realization and potential economic effectiveness. The main parts and blocks that should be taken into account during concept preparations are highlighted, and proposals for their content are made