Multiwinner Analogues of Plurality Rule: Axiomatic and Algorithmic Perspectives

We characterize the class of committee scoring rules that satisfy the fixed-majority criterion. In some sense, the committee scoring rules in this class are multiwinner analogues of the single-winner Plurality rule, which is uniquely characterized as the only single-winner scoring rule that satisfies the simple majority criterion. We define top-$k$-counting committee scoring rules and show that the fixed majority consistent rules are a subclass of the top-$k$-counting rules. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a top-$k$-counting rule to satisfy the fixed-majority criterion. We find that, for most of the rules in our new class, the complexity of winner determination is high (that is, the problem of computing the winners is NP-hard), but we also show examples of rules with polynomial-time winner determination procedures. For some of the computationally hard rules, we provide either exact FPT algorithms or approximate polynomial-time algorithms

Positional voting rules generated by aggregation functions and the role of duplication

Producción CientíficaIn this paper, we consider a typical voting situation where a group of agents show their preferences over a set of alternatives. Under our approach, such preferences are codied into individual positional values which can be aggregated in several ways through particular functions, yielding positional voting rules and providing a social result in each case. We show that scoring rules belong to such class of positional voting rules. But if we focus our interest on OWA operators as aggregation functions, other well-known voting systems naturally appear. In particular, we determine those ones verifying duplication (i.e., clone irrelevance) and present a proposal of an overall social result provided by them.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (ECO2012-32178)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA066U13

Finding a Collective Set of Items: From Proportional Multirepresentation to Group Recommendation

We consider the following problem: There is a set of items (e.g., movies) and a group of agents (e.g., passengers on a plane); each agent has some intrinsic utility for each of the items. Our goal is to pick a set of $K$ items that maximize the total derived utility of all the agents (i.e., in our example we are to pick $K$ movies that we put on the plane's entertainment system). However, the actual utility that an agent derives from a given item is only a fraction of its intrinsic one, and this fraction depends on how the agent ranks the item among the chosen, available, ones. We provide a formal specification of the model and provide concrete examples and settings where it is applicable. We show that the problem is hard in general, but we show a number of tractability results for its natural special cases

Uporaba neizrazite logike pri investicijskom usklađivanju u javnom sektoru

Politics and the professions often have different standpoints on development planning and investment decisions in the public sector. Opposing views, lack of understanding and an inability to accept compromises in the planning and execution of investments frequently cause deviations which ultimately reveal themselves in negative economic consequences. Effective and successful planning and execution of investments in the public sector is one of the key development tasks in a state or local community. For this reason we have undertaken a detailed investigation of the issue with the goal of devising a tool in the form of a model of a system for support in decision making. In order to make it easier for appraisers and decision makers to express their opinions in a natural and individual manner, we have introduced an appraisal with linguistic values through the use of fuzzy logic. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics and structure of the fuzzy model for coordinating opinions, and the progress and results of its use in the case of two Slovenian municipalities.Prilikom razvojnog procesa ili investicijskog odlučivanja u javnom sektoru, politika i struka često imaju potpuno različita stajališta. Suprotni pogledi, međusobno nerazumijevanje i nemogućnost usvajanja kompromisa pri prijedlogu razvoja ili investicijama česti su uzrok devijacija koje su na kraju izražene u negativnim ekonomskim posljedicama. Učinkovit i uspješan prijedlog, priprema i izdvajanje investicija u javnom sektoru jedan je od ključnih razvojnih čimbenika države obzirom na lokalnu zajednicu. Zbog ovih razloga odlučili smo problem pozornije istražiti i oblikovati sredstvo u obliku sustava za podršku odlučivanja. Da bi ključnim osobama u procesu odlučivanja omogućili iskaz njihovih razmišljanja na prirodan i njima blizak način, omogućili smo im upotrebu metode neizrazite logike - sustava ocjenjivanja s lingvističkim vrijednostima. Namjera ovog članka je predstavljanje značaja i strukture neizrazitog modela usklađivanja mišljenja, a nastao je korištenjem rezultata studije slučaja - dvije slovenske općine. Studije slučaja pokazale su da je u javnom sektoru primjerenim pristupom moguće implementirati postupak odlučivanja kao rezultat procesa usklađivanja mišljenja različitih osoba koje sudjeluju u procesu odlučivanja

Description Logic for Scene Understanding at the Example of Urban Road Intersections

Understanding a natural scene on the basis of external sensors is a task yet to be solved by computer algorithms. The present thesis investigates the suitability of a particular family of explicit, formal representation and reasoning formalisms for this task, which are subsumed under the term Description Logic

Fuzzy Techniques for Decision Making 2018

Zadeh's fuzzy set theory incorporates the impreciseness of data and evaluations, by imputting the degrees by which each object belongs to a set. Its success fostered theories that codify the subjectivity, uncertainty, imprecision, or roughness of the evaluations. Their rationale is to produce new flexible methodologies in order to model a variety of concrete decision problems more realistically. This Special Issue garners contributions addressing novel tools, techniques and methodologies for decision making (inclusive of both individual and group, single- or multi-criteria decision making) in the context of these theories. It contains 38 research articles that contribute to a variety of setups that combine fuzziness, hesitancy, roughness, covering sets, and linguistic approaches. Their ranges vary from fundamental or technical to applied approaches

Uporaba neizrazite logike pri investicijskom usklađivanju u javnom sektoru

Politics and the professions often have different standpoints on development planning and investment decisions in the public sector. Opposing views, lack of understanding and an inability to accept compromises in the planning and execution of investments frequently cause deviations which ultimately reveal themselves in negative economic consequences. Effective and successful planning and execution of investments in the public sector is one of the key development tasks in a state or local community. For this reason we have undertaken a detailed investigation of the issue with the goal of devising a tool in the form of a model of a system for support in decision making. In order to make it easier for appraisers and decision makers to express their opinions in a natural and individual manner, we have introduced an appraisal with linguistic values through the use of fuzzy logic. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics and structure of the fuzzy model for coordinating opinions, and the progress and results of its use in the case of two Slovenian municipalities.Prilikom razvojnog procesa ili investicijskog odlučivanja u javnom sektoru, politika i struka često imaju potpuno različita stajališta. Suprotni pogledi, međusobno nerazumijevanje i nemogućnost usvajanja kompromisa pri prijedlogu razvoja ili investicijama česti su uzrok devijacija koje su na kraju izražene u negativnim ekonomskim posljedicama. Učinkovit i uspješan prijedlog, priprema i izdvajanje investicija u javnom sektoru jedan je od ključnih razvojnih čimbenika države obzirom na lokalnu zajednicu. Zbog ovih razloga odlučili smo problem pozornije istražiti i oblikovati sredstvo u obliku sustava za podršku odlučivanja. Da bi ključnim osobama u procesu odlučivanja omogućili iskaz njihovih razmišljanja na prirodan i njima blizak način, omogućili smo im upotrebu metode neizrazite logike - sustava ocjenjivanja s lingvističkim vrijednostima. Namjera ovog članka je predstavljanje značaja i strukture neizrazitog modela usklađivanja mišljenja, a nastao je korištenjem rezultata studije slučaja - dvije slovenske općine. Studije slučaja pokazale su da je u javnom sektoru primjerenim pristupom moguće implementirati postupak odlučivanja kao rezultat procesa usklađivanja mišljenja različitih osoba koje sudjeluju u procesu odlučivanja

Advances and Applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for Information Fusion (Collected Works), Vol. 4

The fourth volume on Advances and Applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects theoretical and applied contributions of researchers working in different fields of applications and in mathematics. The contributions (see List of Articles published in this book, at the end of the volume) have been published or presented after disseminating the third volume (2009, http://fs.unm.edu/DSmT-book3.pdf) in international conferences, seminars, workshops and journals. First Part of this book presents the theoretical advancement of DSmT, dealing with Belief functions, conditioning and deconditioning, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Decision Making, Multi-Criteria, evidence theory, combination rule, evidence distance, conflicting belief, sources of evidences with different importance and reliabilities, importance of sources, pignistic probability transformation, Qualitative reasoning under uncertainty, Imprecise belief structures, 2-Tuple linguistic label, Electre Tri Method, hierarchical proportional redistribution, basic belief assignment, subjective probability measure, Smarandache codification, neutrosophic logic, Evidence theory, outranking methods, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Bayes fusion rule, frequentist probability, mean square error, controlling factor, optimal assignment solution, data association, Transferable Belief Model, and others. More applications of DSmT have emerged in the past years since the apparition of the third book of DSmT 2009. Subsequently, the second part of this volume is about applications of DSmT in correlation with Electronic Support Measures, belief function, sensor networks, Ground Moving Target and Multiple target tracking, Vehicle-Born Improvised Explosive Device, Belief Interacting Multiple Model filter, seismic and acoustic sensor, Support Vector Machines, Alarm classification, ability of human visual system, Uncertainty Representation and Reasoning Evaluation Framework, Threat Assessment, Handwritten Signature Verification, Automatic Aircraft Recognition, Dynamic Data-Driven Application System, adjustment of secure communication trust analysis, and so on. Finally, the third part presents a List of References related with DSmT published or presented along the years since its inception in 2004, chronologically ordered

Advances and Applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for Information Fusion (Collected works), Vol. 2

This second volume dedicated to Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) in Information Fusion brings in new fusion quantitative rules (such as the PCR1-6, where PCR5 for two sources does the most mathematically exact redistribution of conflicting masses to the non-empty sets in the fusion literature), qualitative fusion rules, and the Belief Conditioning Rule (BCR) which is different from the classical conditioning rule used by the fusion community working with the Mathematical Theory of Evidence. Other fusion rules are constructed based on T-norm and T-conorm (hence using fuzzy logic and fuzzy set in information fusion), or more general fusion rules based on N-norm and N-conorm (hence using neutrosophic logic and neutrosophic set in information fusion), and an attempt to unify the fusion rules and fusion theories. The known fusion rules are extended from the power set to the hyper-power set and comparison between rules are made on many examples. One defines the degree of intersection of two sets, degree of union of two sets, and degree of inclusion of two sets which all help in improving the all existing fusion rules as well as the credibility, plausibility, and communality functions. The book chapters are written by Frederic Dambreville, Milan Daniel, Jean Dezert, Pascal Djiknavorian, Dominic Grenier, Xinhan Huang, Pavlina Dimitrova Konstantinova, Xinde Li, Arnaud Martin, Christophe Osswald, Andrew Schumann, Tzvetan Atanasov Semerdjiev, Florentin Smarandache, Albena Tchamova, and Min Wang