Beyond 100: The Next Century in Geodesy

This open access book contains 30 peer-reviewed papers based on presentations at the 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The meeting was held from July 8 to 18, 2019 in Montreal, Canada, with the theme being the celebration of the centennial of the establishment of the IUGG. The centennial was also a good opportunity to look forward to the next century, as reflected in the title of this volume. The papers in this volume represent a cross-section of present activity in geodesy, and highlight the future directions in the field as we begin the second century of the IUGG. During the meeting, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) organized one Union Symposium, 6 IAG Symposia, 7 Joint Symposia with other associations, and 20 business meetings. In addition, IAG co-sponsored 8 Union Symposia and 15 Joint Symposia. In total, 3952 participants registered, 437 of them with IAG priority. In total, there were 234 symposia and 18 Workshops with 4580 presentations, of which 469 were in IAG-associated symposia. ; This volume will publish papers based on International Association of Geodesy (IAG) -related presentations made at the International Association of Geodesy at the 27th IUGG General Assembly, Montreal, July 2019. It will include papers associated with all of the IAG and joint symposia from the meeting, which span all aspects of modern geodesy, and linkages to earth and environmental sciences. It continues the long-running IAG Symposia Series

Beyond 100: The Next Century in Geodesy

This open access book contains 30 peer-reviewed papers based on presentations at the 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The meeting was held from July 8 to 18, 2019 in Montreal, Canada, with the theme being the celebration of the centennial of the establishment of the IUGG. The centennial was also a good opportunity to look forward to the next century, as reflected in the title of this volume. The papers in this volume represent a cross-section of present activity in geodesy, and highlight the future directions in the field as we begin the second century of the IUGG. During the meeting, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) organized one Union Symposium, 6 IAG Symposia, 7 Joint Symposia with other associations, and 20 business meetings. In addition, IAG co-sponsored 8 Union Symposia and 15 Joint Symposia. In total, 3952 participants registered, 437 of them with IAG priority. In total, there were 234 symposia and 18 Workshops with 4580 presentations, of which 469 were in IAG-associated symposia. ; This volume will publish papers based on International Association of Geodesy (IAG) -related presentations made at the International Association of Geodesy at the 27th IUGG General Assembly, Montreal, July 2019. It will include papers associated with all of the IAG and joint symposia from the meeting, which span all aspects of modern geodesy, and linkages to earth and environmental sciences. It continues the long-running IAG Symposia Series

(Schw)Ehre, wem (Schw)Ehre gebührt : Festschrift zur Verabschiedung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Bernhard Heck

Die Festschrift zur Verabschiedung von Prof. Bernhard Heck enthält 41 Beiträge aus dem Freundeskreis, der Kollegenschaft sowie von ehemaligen Promovierenden. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeiten liegt auf den Gebieten der Physikalischen und Satellitengeodäsie sowie der Geodynamik und spiegelt das vielfältige Wirken von Bernhard Heck wider. Abgerundet wird die Schrift durch Beiträge zur Ausbildung am Geodätischen Institut des KIT und zur Stellung der Geodäsie im gesellschaftlichen Kontext

Improving Deep Exploration with Cost-Effective Geophysical Methods

Subsurface exploration is rapidly changing and ‘easy to target’ deposits are depleting across the world. This reality has pushed exploration in two directions: re-evaluating known deposits and exploring greater depths. The goal of this thesis was to address these trends in a cost-effective manner. First, by combining geophysical, borehole, and open-source spatial data, a 3D model was synthesized for a volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit located in Nash Creek, NB. Evaluating this model showed a need for structural controls to better understand the genesis of the deposit. A lesser-known geophysical system, Extremely Low Frequency EM (ELF-EM), measures ~2km deep and can produce conductivity models. While perfect for Nash Creek, ELF lacked modern software support which limited the modelling that could be done. Using an open-source inversion package, a python script is presented with this thesis that runs inversions of tipper (ELF) data to produce 3D conductivity models. This new workflow was tested at the Key Anacon VMS deposit near Bathurst, NB. A 3D wireframe model derived from geophysical surveying and borehole logs was available to compare with the ELF-EM derived model at Key Anacon. While individual mineralized horizons could not be discerned, a ‘conductive envelope’ follows a very similar strike and dip to the wireframe model. Promising results from Key Anacon led to the re-interpretation of past ELF-EM surveys. The final section of this thesis revisits a survey in Burwash Landing, Yukon to compare conductivity modelling results. The Burwash Landing survey aimed to identify potential geothermal wells drilling sites along the Denali fault. The new 3D model showed a coherent fault trace along strike, as well as eliminated several anomalies the researchers in the original paper could not explain. This improved ELF-EM inversion workflow has greatly improved 3D modelling of deep conductivity contrasts. In future, the techniques outlined here can be applied to various exploration scenarios while following the current trends in exploration

International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2014 Annual Report

IVS is an international collaboration of organizations which operate or support Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) components. The goals are: 1. To provide a service to support geodetic, geophysical and astrometric research and operational activities. 2. To promote research and development activities in all aspects of the geodetic and astrometric VLBI technique. 3. To interact with the community of users of VLBI products and to integrate VLBI into a global Earth observing system

THE USE OF THE GOCE MISSION DATA FOR CHARACTERIZATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ON THE DENSITY STRUCTURE OF THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF AMAZON AND SOLIMOES, BRASIL

2010/2011Em geral, verifica-se que as bacias têm um estado isostático anômalo, se for considerada a clássica hipótese isostática que postula que as cargas topográficas e sedimentares são sustentadas pelo espessamento ou afinamento da crosta. Em alguns casos, a alta densidade do material na crosta inferior ou no manto superior tem sido um componente importante na formação das bacias sedimentares de larga escala e na contribuição para o equilíbrio isostático. A maneira mais direta de detectar as anomalias da densidade é pelo estudo do potencial gravitacional e de suas derivadas. A disponibilidade global e a boa resolução dos dados do satélite GOCE, aliadas à disponibilidade de dados de gravimetria terrestre, são ideais para a comparação e classificação das bacias de larga escala, como as bacias sedimentares do Solimões e do Amazonas, no que diz respeito à sua estrutura de densidade litosférica, determinadas por meio de uma modelagem 3D da distribuição de densidades usando as geometrias do embasamento e da descontinuidade de Moho admitidas conhecidas como vínculo inicial. Além disso, por esta técnica pode ser obtido um modelo isostático fisicamente independente do modelo de densidades, bem como outras grandezas associadas ao campo de gravidade como o geóide, a distribuição da anomalia da gravidade e das componentes do tensor gradiente gravimétrico, grandezas importantes para o modelamento e o estudo destas estruturas.I bacini sedimentari di Amazon e Solimões sembrano avere uno stato anomalo isostatico se si considera l’ipotesi classica dell’isostasia, che presuppone che i carichitopografici e sedimentari siano sostenuti da un ispessimento della crosta terrestre o da un assottigliamento. In alcuni casi, la densità delle rocce nella crosta inferiore o mantello superiore è presumibilmente una componente importante nella formazione dei bacini sedimentari a grande scala, contribuedo all’equilibrio isostatico. Il modo più diretto per rilevare le variazioni di densità è lo studio del campo potenziale di gravità e delle sue derivate. La disponibilità globale e buona risoluzione dei dati della missione satellitare GOCE, unitamente alla disponibilità di dati gravitazionali terrestri sono l'ideale per intraprendere la comparazione e classificazione dei due grandi bacini sedimentari Amazon e Solimões. La struttura della densità della litosfera è stata studiata attraverso una modellazione 3D della distribuzione di densità utilizzando la geometria del basamento e della discontinuità Moho, conosciuti come vincolo iniziale. Poi, un modello isostatico per crosta inferiore o mantello superiore è stato ottenuta. Inoltre, abbiamo preso in considerazione il geoide, e le componenti del tensore gradiente, che sono quantità importanti per la modellazione e lo studio di queste strutture.In general the basins appear to have an anomalous isostatic state if the classic isostatic hypothesis is considered, which assumes that the topographic and sedimentary loads are sustained by crustal thickening or thinning. In some cases, the high density of the material in the lower crust or upper mantle has been supposedly an important component in the formation of large scale sedimentary basins and in contributing to the isostatic equilibrium. The most direct way to detect density anomalies is the study of the gravity potential field and its derivatives. The global availability and good resolution of the GOCE satellite data mission coupled with the availability of terrestrial gravity data are ideal for the scope of intercomparison and classification of the two large-scale Amazon and Solimoes sedimentary basins. The lithospheric density structure has been studied through a 3D modelling of density distribution using the geometry of basement and Moho discontinuity, assumed to be known as initial constraint. Furthermore, an isostatic model for lower crust or upper mantle has been obtained. Also, we considered others gravity field as geoid, gravity anomaly and gravity gradient tensor components, which are important quantities for modelling and studying these structures.XXV Ciclo198

The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential Model EGM96

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), and The Ohio State University (OSU) have collaborated to develop an improved spherical harmonic model of the Earth's gravitational potential to degree 360. The new model, Earth Gravitational Model 1996 (EGM96), incorporates improved surface gravity data, altimeter-derived gravity anomalies from ERS-1 and from the GEOSAT Geodetic Mission (GM), extensive satellite tracking data-including new data from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), the Global Postioning System (GPS), NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), the French DORIS system, and the US Navy TRANET Doppler tracking system-as well as direct altimeter ranges from TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), ERS-1, and GEOSAT. The final solution blends a low-degree combination model to degree 70, a block-diagonal solution from degree 71 to 359, and a quadrature solution at degree 360. The model was used to compute geoid undulations accurate to better than one meter (with the exception of areas void of dense and accurate surface gravity data) and realize WGS84 as a true three-dimensional reference system. Additional results from the EGM96 solution include models of the dynamic ocean topography to degree 20 from T/P and ERS-1 together, and GEOSAT separately, and improved orbit determination for Earth-orbiting satellites

Social work with airports passengers

Social work at the airport is in to offer to passengers social services. The main methodological position is that people are under stress, which characterized by a particular set of characteristics in appearance and behavior. In such circumstances passenger attracts in his actions some attention. Only person whom he trusts can help him with the documents or psychologically