A big data approach towards sarcasm detection in Russian

We present a set of deterministic algorithms for Russian inflection and automated text synthesis. These algorithms are implemented in a publicly available web-service www.passare.ru. This service provides functions for inflection of single words, word matching and synthesis of grammatically correct Russian text. Selected code and datasets are available at https://github.com/passare-ru/PassareFunctions/ Performance of the inflectional functions has been tested against the annotated corpus of Russian language OpenCorpora, compared with that of other solutions, and used for estimating the morphological variability and complexity of different parts of speech in Russian.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1706.0255

Conceptualisation indices in health and life sciences translation: An experientialist approach

Conceptual metaphors, as theorized by George Lakoff, are essential to scientific and biomedical thought. They express themselves in speech through metaphorical expressions. Understanding conceptual metaphors is critical for translators. Several years ago we proposed the concept of conceptualization index, which is the linguistic element by which metaphor operates. This article begins with a description of the experiential framework used for a number of studies realized in biomedicine and life sciences. Then, the predicative, quasi-predictive, and non-predictive conceptualization indices are distinguished. Finally, the general principles deduced from the set of data are presented.Les métaphores conceptuelles, telles que les a théorisées George Lakoff, sont fondamentales pour la pensée scientifique. Elles s’expriment en discours par l’intermédiaire d’expressions métaphoriques. Comprendre les métaphores conceptuelles est donc essentiel pour les traducteurs. Nous avons proposé, il y a plusieurs années, le concept d’indice de conceptualisation, qui est l’élément linguistique par lequel opère la métaphore. Le présent article commence par préciser le cadre expérientialiste dans lequel se situent les travaux présentés. Puis, les indices de conceptualisation prédicatifs, quasi-prédicatifs et non prédicatifs sont distingués. Enfin, les principes tirés de l’ensemble des données recueillies sont présentés

An investigation of challenges in machine translation of literary texts : the case of the English–Chinese language pair

In the absence of a focus on literary text translation in studies of machine translation (MT), this study aims at investigating some challenges of this application of the technology. First, the most commonly used types of MT are reviewed in chronological order of their development, and, for the purpose of identifying challenges for MT in literary text translation, the challenges human translators face in literary text translation are linked to corresponding aspects of MT. In investigating the research questions of the challenges that MT systems face in literary text translation, and whether equivalence can be established by MT in literary text translation, a qualitative method is used. Areas such as the challenges for MT in the establishment of corpora, achieving equivalence, and realisation of creativity in literary texts are examined in order to reveal some of the potential contributing factors to the difficulties faced in literary text translation by MT. Through text analysis on chosen sample literary texts on three online MT platforms (Google Translate, DeepL and Youdao Translate), all based on highly advanced neural machine translation engines, this study offers a pragmatic view on some challenging areas in literary text translation using these widely acclaimed online platforms, and offers insights on potential research opportunities in studies of literary text translation using MT

THE CRETAN CONFLICT 1866-1869: COMPETING AND COMPLEMENTARY IDEOLOGIES THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE GREEK AND OTTOMAN PRESS

Crete was historically one of the most turbulent provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The present doctoral dissertation focuses on the uprising during 1866-1869, while ex-amining it within the ideological context reflected in the publications of the Greek and Ottoman press of the time. From the presentation of the findings, it is obvious that the events in Crete not only developed within a more general resurgence of the ideological currents of the period, such as the expansive Greek megaloideatism, the unifying Ottomanism, and the ag-gressive Pan-Slavism, but to a certain extent they were made even more acute. How-ever, the attitude of the Constantinopolitan Greek newspapers on the specific issue revealed the existence of a new ideological phenomenon, that of Greek Ottomanism, which could be discerned mainly in the members of the upper class of the Greek mil-let. This phenomenon was a by-product of Ottomanism, and was linked to the desire of the Greek bourgeoisie in the Ottoman Empire to safeguard its privileges in a changing environment, while at the same time distancing itself from the ideological narrative of the Great Idea. In conclusion, the contemporary Ottoman and Greek language press not only recorded the historical event of the uprising but also became an important means of expression of all the above ideologies which characterised the developments in the area during the 2nd half of the 19th century

Approaches to Biosemiotics

Approaches to Biosemiotics is the first issue in the Biosocial World collection, and contains a series of articles on what biosemiotics does, how it does it and what its long-term objectives may be. As a more specialized discipline in the boundaries of linguistics, the biosociology, the philosophy of biology and the sciences, we hope to offer a point of entry into the world of biosemiotics through articles that deal with general topics from within the field. Our aim is, thus, to contribute to the biosemiotic landscape by opening a door to its recurring themes, problems and descriptions

CLARIN

The book provides a comprehensive overview of the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure – CLARIN – for the humanities. It covers a broad range of CLARIN language resources and services, its underlying technological infrastructure, the achievements of national consortia, and challenges that CLARIN will tackle in the future. The book is published 10 years after establishing CLARIN as an Europ. Research Infrastructure Consortium

CLARIN. The infrastructure for language resources

CLARIN, the "Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure", has established itself as a major player in the field of research infrastructures for the humanities. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the organization, its members, its goals and its functioning, as well as of the tools and resources hosted by the infrastructure. The many contributors representing various fields, from computer science to law to psychology, analyse a wide range of topics, such as the technology behind the CLARIN infrastructure, the use of CLARIN resources in diverse research projects, the achievements of selected national CLARIN consortia, and the challenges that CLARIN has faced and will face in the future. The book will be published in 2022, 10 years after the establishment of CLARIN as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium by the European Commission (Decision 2012/136/EU)

Inventory’s paper assembly: fierce sociology, sovereignty and self-organisation in London’s small press publishing scene 1995 to 2005

This study attempts to deliver an intellectual history of the journal Inventory and its place within theories of knowledge, publishing, artistic practice, ethnography, politics and critical theory. The initial movement of the thesis, Chapter 1, establishes Inventory’s formal structure as a journal. Chapter 2 establishes the presuppositions and models for the use of a journal or magazine as a platform for heterodox cultural practice and inquiry. The study then follows Inventory’s proposition of a method derived from the fusion of the heterogeneous sociology of Georges Bataille and his circle in Chapter 3; and the speculative aesthetic theory, and ‘anthropological materialism’, of Walter Benjamin in Chapter 4. In Chapters 3 and 4 Inventory’s ‘constellation of methods’: surrealism – as a mode of research and publishing, rather than as a visual art – meets ethnography, the study of the culture of all humankind on a common plane of praxis. This partisan reappropriation of surrealist and ethnographic method is shown to generate a complex para-academic publishing and research project, one which has a relation to, but ultimately exceeds, contemporary theories of either the ‘artist as anthropologist’ (Joseph Kosuth), ‘ethnographic surrealism’ (James Clifford) or ‘the artist as ethnographer’ (Hal Foster). Chapter 5 discusses the journal’s presentation as writing or literature and the relation between the whole and its parts developed philosophically in the previous chapters in terms of the form of the journal itself as a constellation and the writing it cohered around and presented. This chapter therefore also discusses the development of mental or perceptual spaces of resistance to the restructuring of space discusses in the preceding chapter through experimental writing and publishing (artist projects, found texts, visionary or prophetic texts). The study subsequently situates the intellectual and cultural productions of Inventory journal within the dynamic social, political and cultural context of London in the 1990s and 2000s. This contextualisation is achieved by engagement, in Chapter 6, with a specific site of dissemination for Inventory, Info Centre (1999-2000), through it the journal associated with parallel cultural and political practices of self-publishing and self-organisation by artists, writers and activists in the late-1990s and 2000s. I argue that these practices sought to challenge existing forms of organisation, knowledge production, cultural and social totality during a period of capitalist restructuring of work, social reproduction, the urban environment and the institutions of art. The opposition to this restructuring and its re-colonisation of space in London is conceived both in terms of the production of critical commentaries on the production of space in the city (urban sociology, psychogeography); contesting established cultural histories (e.g. of surrealism, the Situationist International and conceptual art); creation of small autonomous institutions and development of mental or perceptual spaces of resistance through experimental writing and publishing. I argue that Inventory itself takes on a ‘self-institutional’ form in this situation, and as journal provides a space and singular spaces (in terms of individual contributions) for independent critical thinking (artist projects, urban sociology, found texts, visionary or prophetic texts). Chapter 7 presents the journal’s contribution to critical accounts of practices and legacies of urbanism (housing, city planning, spatial practices and government) in London in the post-war period and during the period of the journal’s publication (1995-2005). The journal’s identification of, and opposition to, forces restructuring London spatially during this period is conceived in terms of the production of critical commentaries on the production of space in the city (urban sociology and psychogeography). The Conclusion evaluates the aims of the study and reevaluates Inventory journal on the basis of the critical traditions surveyed in the prior chapters and in terms of problems arising from the path the journal followed and gaps between its projected programme or method and the achievements it attained