Control of Bean Rust using Antibiotics Produced by Bacillus and Streptomyces species - Translocation and Persistence in Snap Beans

Antibiotic culture filtrates produced by Bacillus (CA5) and  Streptomyces spp. were tested for translocation and persistence when applied on snap beans inoculated with rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) in greenhouse pot experiments. The antibiotics were applied on the first trifoliate leaves and translocation was assessed as the number of rust pustules on non-treated leaflets or trifoliates while persistence was assessed as the number of rust pustules on rust infected plants at different times after antibiotic treatment. The treatments were replicated three times, each replicate consisting of a pot containing three plants. Antibiotics from both Bacillus and Streptomyceswere found to have up to 100% trans-lamina and leaflet-to-leaflet translocation but no significant trifoliate-totrifoliatetranslocation. The antibiotic culture filtrates also retained significant rust control for up to 10 days after application on the bean plant. However, no significant rust control was found on the plants after 16 days of treatment. The study indicated that the antibiotics produced by antagonistic Bacillus and Streptomyces species possess systemicactivity that can persist within the plant for over one week. These metabolites are potential bean rust control products that could be incorporated in integrated disease management program

Fungicide application technology for controlling the sugarcane orange rust

With the epidemic onset of the sugarcane orange rust, fungicide applications of the Strobilurins and Triazoles groups have become necessary in susceptible varieties. This study aimed at evaluating the operational conditions of fungicide application in sugarcane (SP81-3250 variety), in relation to the spray deposition on the upper canopy and the effectiveness of the orange rust control. Treatments consisted of two application volumes (30 L ha-1 or 40 L ha-1) and three nozzle deflection angles (0 º, 90 º or 135 º), plus a ground application at the rate of 200 L ha-1, sprayed with a uniform flat spray nozzle of air induction. The ground application resulted in the smallest and the greatest spray deposition on sugarcane leaves and on the soil, respectively. The aerial application at the rate of 30 L ha-1, sprayed by hollow cone nozzles, at a deflection angle of 135 º, provided the best sugarcane orange rust control. Tecnologia de aplicação de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar -- Com o surgimento epidêmico da ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar, aplicações de fungicidas dos grupos químicos Estrobilurinas e Triazóis tornaram-se necessárias para as variedades suscetíveis. Objetivou-se avaliar as condições operacionais de aplicação de fungicidas em cana-de-açúcar (variedade SP81-3250), no que se refere à deposição de calda no dossel superior e à efetividade do controle da ferrugem alaranjada. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois volumes de aplicação (30 L ha-1 ou 40 L ha-1) e três ângulos de deflexão das pontas (0 º, 90 º ou 135 º), além de uma aplicação terrestre à taxa de 200 L ha-1, pulverizada por meio de pontas de jato plano uniforme de indução de ar. A aplicação terrestre resultou na menor e maior deposição nas folhas de cana-de-açúcar e no solo, respectivamente. A aplicação aérea com taxa de 30 L ha-1, pulverizada por pontas de jato cônico vazio, com ângulo de deflexão de 135 º, proporcionou o melhor controle da ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar

A systematic review of data quality issues in knowledge discovery tasks

Hay un gran crecimiento en el volumen de datos porque las organizaciones capturan permanentemente la cantidad colectiva de datos para lograr un mejor proceso de toma de decisiones. El desafío mas fundamental es la exploración de los grandes volúmenes de datos y la extracción de conocimiento útil para futuras acciones por medio de tareas para el descubrimiento del conocimiento; sin embargo, muchos datos presentan mala calidad. Presentamos una revisión sistemática de los asuntos de calidad de datos en las áreas del descubrimiento de conocimiento y un estudio de caso aplicado a la enfermedad agrícola conocida como la roya del café.Large volume of data is growing because the organizations are continuously capturing the collective amount of data for better decision-making process. The most fundamental challenge is to explore the large volumes of data and extract useful knowledge for future actions through knowledge discovery tasks, nevertheless many data has poor quality. We presented a systematic review of the data quality issues in knowledge discovery tasks and a case study applied to agricultural disease named coffee rust

A systems analysis of applications of earth orbital space technology to selected cases in water management and agriculture. Volume 1 - Technical summary

Systems analysis of agricultural and water management information systems utilizing satellite borne multispectral band scanner, radar, and television equipmen

Genetics of, and Breeding for, Rust Resistance in Wheat in India and Pakistan

Crop Production/Industries,

Comparação da eficácia de fungicidas IQes, isolados ou em mistura com triazóis, no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja, safra 2016/17

Reis, Erlei Melo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Carregal, Luis Henrique. Agrocarrega. Rio Verde, Goiás - GO, Brasil.Zanatta, Mateus. Agroservice. Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.28-32Evolution has been reported for the reduction in Phakopsora pachyrhizi sensitivity to the mixtures of the three site-specific mechanisms of action (DMIs, QoIs and SDHIs) used in its control. The aim of this study was to quantify the current contribution of QoIs, alone or in mixture with triazoles, in the control of Asian soybean rust. In an experiment carried out in the field, the efficacy of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), or strobilurins, was compared for Asian soybean rust control. The isolated effects of four doses of azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin were evaluated, as well as of four applications during the crop cycle. Control by commercial mixtures of these QoIs with triazoles was also compared. Severity was evaluated in four phenological stages, and control was calculated based on final severity data, area under rust progress curve, defoliation, one-thousand-grain mass, grain yield and damage caused by the disease. The lowest mean of rust control efficacy resulted from applications of azoxystrobin (15.8 and 11.19%) and pyraclostrobin (15.4 and 16.76%) and the highest mean was found for picoxystrobin (54.1 and 54.35 %) and trifloxystrobin (69.7 and 64.46%), calculated based on final severity and AUDPC, respectively. Such efficacy is not enough to cover the fungicide application cost, although there was a positive effect of treatments on disease control and grain yield

Control of Bean Rust using Antibiotics Produced by Bacillus and Streptomyces species - Translocation and Persistence in Snap Beans

Antibiotic culture filtrates produced by Bacillus (CA5) and Streptomyces spp. were tested for translocation and persistence when applied on snap beans inoculated with rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus ) in greenhouse pot experiments. The antibiotics were applied on the first trifoliate leaves and translocation was assessed as the number of rust pustules on non-treated leaflets or trifoliates while persistence was assessed as the number of rust pustules on rust infected plants at different times after antibiotic treatment. The treatments were replicated three times, each replicate consisting of a pot containing three plants. Antibiotics from both Bacillus and Streptomyces were found to have up to 100% trans-lamina and leaflet-to-leaflet translocation but no significant trifoliate-totrifoliate translocation. The antibiotic culture filtrates also retained significant rust control for up to 10 days after application on the bean plant. However, no significant rust control was found on the plants after 16 days of treatment. The study indicated that the antibiotics produced by antagonistic Bacillus and Streptomyces species possess systemic activity that can persist within the plant for over one week. These metabolites are potential bean rust control products that could be incorporated in integrated disease management program

Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species

Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidiumrubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control

La roya del sorgo: II. Combate y pérdidas

Four sorghum lines of varying rust susceptibility, ranging from very resistant to susceptible, were planted in early September T985 in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Rust reactions were periodically evaluated from boot stage until grain harvest. At physiological maturity, foliar rust coverage was 24, 19, 7, and 0.5% for SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Four rust fungicide (oxycarboxin at 0.5 kg/ha/spray), applications at and after boot stage resulted m final rust coverage of 7, 3, 1, and 0% on SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Over all cultivars, one, two, and four applications gave 32.9, 73.7, and 85.4% rust control compared to the nontreated plots. In moderately and very resistant varieties (TAM 428 and SC 120), rust control was greater (74.5%) than that found in moderately and very susceptible ones (55.2% for SC 307 and SC 212). On SC 307 and SC 212, yield losses from rust were 29 and 50%, respectively. Reductions in 100-seed weights in SC 307 and SC 22 (28 and 41 %, respectively) approximated yield loss levels. Yield of SC 212 was superior to that of SC 307 when rust was controlled with oxycarboxin and inferior to that of SX 307 when rust was untreated. Moderately rust resistant TAM 428 showed no response to rust control despite 7% rust coverage. This same rust level reduced yield of the susceptible varieties. Because of the genotypic differences in rust-yield reactions, a generalized model relating visual rust coverage to plant performance appears inappropriate.En septiembre de 1985, se probaron líneas de sorgo que presentaron diferentes grados de susceptibilidad a la roya en Isabela, Puerto Rico. Durante la etapa de madurez fisiológica los porcentajes de área foliar afectada por la roya fueron 24, 19, 7 y 5 en las variedades SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, y SC 120, respectivamente. Cuatro aplicaciones foliares de oxicarboxin (0.5 kg./ha.) durante la etapa de la hoja bandera y después de ella reprimieron la roya hasta obtenerse valores finales en porcentaje del área foliar afectada de 7, 3, 1 y 0, respectivamente, en las mismas variedades. Una, dos y cuatro aplicaciones reprimieron la roya en un 32.9, 73.7, y 85.4%, respectivamente, en estas cultivares. La eficacia de la represión química del patógeno fue mayor en variedades con alta o moderada resistencia a la roya (74.5%) si la comparamos con las variedades de moderada resistencia o de alta susceptibilidad (55.2%). La enfermedad redujo los rendimientos en 50 y 29% en las cultivares SC 212 y SC 307, respectivamente. Las respuestas en rendimiento al reprimir la roya fueron mayores en la variedad SC 212 que en la SC 307. El peso de 100 semillas disminuyó 41% y 28% en SC 212 y SC 307, respectivamente

Towards the measurement of the impacts of improving research capacity: an economic evaluation of training in wheat disease resistance

It is notoriously difficult to assess the economic value of research aimed at improving research capacity, particularly for the human capital component of research capacity. In this paper, a framework is developed and an analysis is undertaken of the value of training for scientists in wheat rust resistance. The value of improving human capital is assessed through a framework based on marginal analysis of the improvement in productivity outcomes flowing from the increased capacity. On that basis, the value of programs to build human capacity through training or further education can be estimated. Although such estimates are necessarily qualified, they provide a basis for quantifying the value of building research and development capacity.capacity building, economic, rust, training, wheat, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,