221,212 research outputs found
Feasibility of Late Transplanted Summer Pearl Millet for Prolonged rabi Season With Integrated Nitrogen Management Under Indian Coastal Region
Experiments were conducted in coastal South Gujarat region of India to evaluate the feasibility of late transplanted summer pearl millet under prolonged rabi season with integrated nitrogen management (INM) during 2014, 2015 and 2016. INM treatments were consisted of four combinations of biocompost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Two planting methods were evaluated, namely drilling and transplanting. Premature heading in transplanted pearl millet was observed up to 8-10% population during all the three experimental years, the possible causes for this are slow nitrogen availability, weather conditions, the thickness of the seedlings, root pruning and seedling age at transplanting. Application of 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) + 5 t biocompost had significantly increased growth, yield (3862 kg ha-1), benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio) (3.52) and quality of parameters of pearl millet followed by 75% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) + 25% RDN through biocompost. Late transplanted summer pearl millet was little feasible to grow over timely drilled pearl millet as it had reduced pearl millet grain yield by 6.07% and also reduced the net profit by 72.46 US $ ha-1. However, overall, it was feasible to grow late transplanted pearl millet and gave yield up to 3150 kg ha-1 in prolonged rabi season condition for brining summer season well in time
Biology of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould)
Comprehensive account on the biology of the Indian
pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (Gould) has been wanting.
Age and growth of pearl oysters of the Gulf of Mannar
was studied by Herdman (1903), Hornell (1922), Devanesen
and Chidambaram (1956), Chacko (1970) and
Chellam (1978). The age and growth of th6 pearl
oysters of the Gulf of Kutch was studied by Gokhale
et al. (1954), Narayanan and Michael (1968) and
Pandya (1975). Chellam (MS) has traced the growth
of the pearl oyster from the settlement of the spat in
the hatchery, whose day of spawning is known, to
the age of three years, reared in the farm at Tuticorin
Harbour
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of the black and pearl guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and their crosses
This study was carried out to estimate and evaluate the growth performance and carcass yield of the black and pearl guinea fowl and their crosses. The following three mating groups were established: Pearl male X Pearl female (PXP), Black male X Black female (BXB) and Black male X Pearl female (BXP), from which a total of 317 guinea fowl keets were obtained in six hatches and used for the study. There were 100 PXP, 118 BXB and 99 BXPkeets. Growth parameters estimated were body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Carcass traits studied include live weight at point of slaughter, slaughter weight, dressed weight and dressingpercentage. Carcass traits were taken at 14 weeks of age. All the growth performance traits studied did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) across the genotype groups, except body weight at 10, 12 and 14 weeks of age. Birds of the PXP pure line were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 10-14 weeks old than the other two genotype in this respect. The average bi-weekly body weight gains (g/bird) were 149.34, 126.78 and 124.24g and average daily body weight gains were 9.33, 9.06 and 8.87g for birds in the PXP, BXP and BXB genotypes respectively. The average daily feed intake were 47.92, 47.15 and 47.18g for the PXP, BXB and BXP genotypes respectively while average feed conversion ratios were 5.14, 5.22 and 5.32 for the PXP, BXP and BXB genotypes respectively. Significant differences were not observed among the genotype groups in all the carcass traits. The dressing percentages were 75.83, 75.17 and 74.50 for the BXB, PXP and BXP genotypes respectively. It was concluded that the genotype groups did not differ significantly in their growth performance and carcass traits due to a probable genetic relatedness among the ancestors.Keywords: Weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, Slaughter weight, Dressing Percentag
The PEARL score predicts 90-day readmission or death after hospitalisation for acute exacerbation of COPD.
BACKGROUND: One in three patients hospitalised due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is readmitted within 90 days. No tool has been developed specifically in this population to predict readmission or death. Clinicians are unable to identify patients at particular risk, yet resources to prevent readmission are allocated based on clinical judgement. METHODS: In participating hospitals, consecutive admissions of patients with AECOPD were identified by screening wards and reviewing coding records. A tool to predict 90-day readmission or death without readmission was developed in two hospitals (the derivation cohort) and validated in: (a) the same hospitals at a later timeframe (internal validation cohort) and (b) four further UK hospitals (external validation cohort). Performance was compared with ADO, BODEX, CODEX, DOSE and LACE scores. RESULTS: Of 2417 patients, 936 were readmitted or died within 90 days of discharge. The five independent variables in the final model were: Previous admissions, eMRCD score, Age, Right-sided heart failure and Left-sided heart failure (PEARL). The PEARL score was consistently discriminative and accurate with a c-statistic of 0.73, 0.68 and 0.70 in the derivation, internal validation and external validation cohorts. Higher PEARL scores were associated with a shorter time to readmission. CONCLUSIONS: The PEARL score is a simple tool that can effectively stratify patients' risk of 90-day readmission or death, which could help guide readmission avoidance strategies within the clinical and research setting. It is superior to other scores that have been used in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UKCRN ID 14214
Study On Water Age In An Estuary Using Three-Dimensional Models
The age of water (AW) concept is applied in the Pearl River Estuary to investigate the water exchange process in three-dimensional space and its seasonal variation. A three-dimensional AW model is built based on the advanced hydrodynamic model MIKE3, and the model has been verified against a field survey dataset in the Pearl River Estuary. Using this model, the spatio-temporal distributions of water age are numerically determined in response to hydrodynamic factors. The predictions indicate that the mean AW values inside the Pearl River Estuary during the wet season and the dry season are approximately 10 days and 25 days, respectively. In general, lower AW values are observed at the surface, with higher values occurring near the bed, while in the wet season, a more obvious AW stratification can be observed. A comparison between the barotropic and baroclinic predictions indicates that the density-induced circulation causes a significant decrease in the exchange timescales
The Security Pretext: An Examination of the Growth of Federal Police Agencies
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, bureaucrats and special interest groups have been busy repackaging everything from peanut subsidies to steel protectionism under the rubric of "national security." Federal law enforcement agencies have also been expanding their power in the name of combating terrorism, whether or not such expansion has anything to do with enhancing security. One safeguard that exists to prevent such abuse is congressional oversight, but too many members of Congress are too often reluctant to challenge law enforcement officials. For freedom to prevail in the age of terrorism, three things are essential. First, government officials must take a sober look at the potential risk and recognize that there is no reason to panic and act rashly. Second, Congress must stop federal police agencies from acting arbitrarily. Before imposing costly and restrictive security measures that inconvenience thousands of people, police agencies ought to be required to produce cost-benefit analyses. Third, government officials must demonstrate courage rather than give in to their fears. Radical Islamic terrorists are not the first enemy that America has faced. British troops burned the White House in 1814, the Japanese navy launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Soviet Union deployed hundreds of nuclear missiles that targeted American cities. If policymakers are serious about defending our freedom and our way of life, they must wage this war without discarding our traditional constitutional framework of limited government
AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN PRONUNCIATION OF -RL -RN -RD ENDING WORDS FACED BY GRADES 5 AND 6 STUDENTS OF SDN WONOREJO 2
Pronunciation is essential for delivering a speech to avoid miscommunication. The study attempts to achieve the objective stated in the issue statement is to describe the way how the students of grades five and six of SDN WONOREJO 2 pronounce the words that consist of -rl, -rn, -rd endings. This study aims to describe the student's difficulties in pronouncing the -rn. -rl, -rd ending and observed the students of grades 5 and 6 at SDN WONOREJO 2 based on the pronunciation through the consonant. This thesis's research subject is the grades five and six students in WONOREJO 2 Elementary School. Grade five has nine students, while grade six has nine students. This study employs mixed methods which are descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative research methodologies to analyze data obtained from respondents' observations and interviews. Based on the findings and discussion in the previous chapter out of eighteen students three students are considered as D in the percentage with the ranges of 40%-54,9% with 46%-58%. Five teen students are considered as E in the percentage with the ranges of <40% with 4%-37% and 100% of the eighteen students have difficulties pronouncing the word burn /bɜːn/. The researcher concludes that most of the students in grades five and six at SDN WONOREJO 2 have difficulties in pronunciation especially in twenty-four -rn, -rl, -rd ending words as follows, learn, earn, corn, saturn, burn, return, modern, western, born, turn, girl, earl, pearl, curl, blackboard, cupboard, record, forward, third, word, hard, bird, heard and reward. The researcher found that the difficulties the students have in grades 5 and 6 at SDN WONOREJO 2 are usually influenced by the mother tongue, age, and classroom environments
External Validity: From Do-Calculus to Transportability Across Populations
The generalizability of empirical findings to new environments, settings or
populations, often called "external validity," is essential in most scientific
explorations. This paper treats a particular problem of generalizability,
called "transportability," defined as a license to transfer causal effects
learned in experimental studies to a new population, in which only
observational studies can be conducted. We introduce a formal representation
called "selection diagrams" for expressing knowledge about differences and
commonalities between populations of interest and, using this representation,
we reduce questions of transportability to symbolic derivations in the
do-calculus. This reduction yields graph-based procedures for deciding, prior
to observing any data, whether causal effects in the target population can be
inferred from experimental findings in the study population. When the answer is
affirmative, the procedures identify what experimental and observational
findings need be obtained from the two populations, and how they can be
combined to ensure bias-free transport.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-STS486 the Statistical
Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org). arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1312.748
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Scarlet Letter's unstable American father
textThis essay seeks to explore the various representations of fatherhood in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Although The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s most-studied text, very little critical attention has been paid to Hawthorne’s rendering of paternity in the story. This essay attempts to fill that void by examining the roles of the many father figures in the novel. I argue that Hawthorne’s anxiety about fatherhood, made manifest by his constant doubling and expunging of father figures, dominates the narratives of both The Scarlet Letter and “The Custom-House,” binding the texts together and providing the framework of the novel. The structure of The Scarlet Letter relies on Hawthorne’s continual introduction of potential fathers for Pearl, auditioning and discarding various paternal models – a process that carries implications both for Pearl, and for American fatherhood. I further contend that the figure of the absent father is a key thematic component of the American Renaissance as a whole, reflecting not only the authors’ personal fears, but also their anxieties about England’s paternal relationship to America – a concern that pervades the text of The Scarlet Letter.Englis
Why do you take that route?
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether a particular context factor
among the variables that a researcher is interested in causally affects the
route choice behavior of drivers. To our knowledge, there is limited literature
that consider the effects of various factors on route choice based on causal
inference.Yet, collecting data sets that are sensitive to the aforementioned
factors are challenging and the existing approaches usually take into account
only the general factors motivating drivers route choice behavior. To fill
these gaps, we carried out a study using Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE)
tools to elicit drivers' route choice behavioral data, covering drivers'
network familiarity, educationlevel, financial concern, etc, apart from
conventional measurement variables. Having context-aware, high-fidelity
properties, IVE data affords the opportunity to incorporate the impacts of
human related factors into the route choice causal analysis and advance a more
customizable research tool for investigating causal factors on path selection
in network routing. This causal analysis provides quantitative evidence to
support drivers' diversion decision.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
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