427 research outputs found
Unveiling the frontiers of deep learning: innovations shaping diverse domains
Deep learning (DL) enables the development of computer models that are
capable of learning, visualizing, optimizing, refining, and predicting data. In
recent years, DL has been applied in a range of fields, including audio-visual
data processing, agriculture, transportation prediction, natural language,
biomedicine, disaster management, bioinformatics, drug design, genomics, face
recognition, and ecology. To explore the current state of deep learning, it is
necessary to investigate the latest developments and applications of deep
learning in these disciplines. However, the literature is lacking in exploring
the applications of deep learning in all potential sectors. This paper thus
extensively investigates the potential applications of deep learning across all
major fields of study as well as the associated benefits and challenges. As
evidenced in the literature, DL exhibits accuracy in prediction and analysis,
makes it a powerful computational tool, and has the ability to articulate
itself and optimize, making it effective in processing data with no prior
training. Given its independence from training data, deep learning necessitates
massive amounts of data for effective analysis and processing, much like data
volume. To handle the challenge of compiling huge amounts of medical,
scientific, healthcare, and environmental data for use in deep learning, gated
architectures like LSTMs and GRUs can be utilized. For multimodal learning,
shared neurons in the neural network for all activities and specialized neurons
for particular tasks are necessary.Comment: 64 pages, 3 figures, 3 table
A Comparative Evaluation of Deep Learning Techniques for Photovoltaic Panel Detection From Aerial Images
Solar energy production has significantly increased in recent years in the European Union (EU), accounting for 12% of the total in 2022. The growth in solar energy production can be attributed to the increasing adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, which have become cost-effective and efficient means of energy production, supported by government policies and incentives. The maturity of solar technologies has also led to a decrease in the cost of solar energy, making it more competitive with other energy sources. As a result, there is a growing need for efficient methods for detecting and mapping the locations of PV panels. Automated detection can in fact save time and resources compared to manual inspection. Moreover, the resulting information can also be used by governments, environmental agencies and other companies to track the adoption of renewable sources or to optimize energy distribution across the grid. However, building effective models to support the automated detection and mapping of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels presents several challenges, including the availability of high-resolution aerial imagery and high-quality, manually-verified labels and annotations. In this study, we address these challenges by first constructing a dataset of PV panels using very-high-resolution (VHR) aerial imagery, specifically focusing on the region of Piedmont in Italy. The dataset comprises 105 large-scale images, providing more than 9,000 accurate and detailed manual annotations, including additional attributes such as the PV panel category. We first conduct a comprehensive evaluation benchmark on the newly constructed dataset, adopting various well-established deep-learning techniques. Specifically, we experiment with instance and semantic segmentation approaches, such as Rotated Faster RCNN and Unet, comparing strengths and weaknesses on the task at hand. Second, we apply ad-hoc modifications to address the specific issues of this task, such as the wide range of scales of the installations and the sparsity of the annotations, considerably improving upon the baseline results. Last, we introduce a robust and efficient post-processing polygonization algorithm that is tailored to PV panels. This algorithm converts the rough raster predictions into cleaner and more precise polygons for practical use. Our benchmark evaluation shows that both semantic and instance segmentation techniques can be effective for detecting and mapping PV panels. Instance segmentation techniques are well-suited for estimating the localization of panels, while semantic solutions excel at surface delineation. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our ad-hoc solutions and post-processing algorithm, which can provide an improvement up to +10% on the final scores, and can accurately convert coarse raster predictions into usable polygons
A review of technical factors to consider when designing neural networks for semantic segmentation of Earth Observation imagery
Semantic segmentation (classification) of Earth Observation imagery is a
crucial task in remote sensing. This paper presents a comprehensive review of
technical factors to consider when designing neural networks for this purpose.
The review focuses on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural
Networks (RNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and transformer
models, discussing prominent design patterns for these ANN families and their
implications for semantic segmentation. Common pre-processing techniques for
ensuring optimal data preparation are also covered. These include methods for
image normalization and chipping, as well as strategies for addressing data
imbalance in training samples, and techniques for overcoming limited data,
including augmentation techniques, transfer learning, and domain adaptation. By
encompassing both the technical aspects of neural network design and the
data-related considerations, this review provides researchers and practitioners
with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the factors involved in
designing effective neural networks for semantic segmentation of Earth
Observation imagery.Comment: 145 pages with 32 figure
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Sonic heritage: listening to the past
History is so often told through objects, images and photographs, but the potential of sounds to reveal place and space is often neglected. Our research project âSonic Palimpsestâ1 explores the potential of sound to evoke impressions and new understandings of the past, to embrace the sonic as a tool to understand what was, in a way that can complement and add to our predominant visual understandings. Our work includes the expansion of the Oral History archives held at Chatham Dockyard to include womenâs voices and experiences, and the creation of sonic works to engage the public with their heritage. Our research highlights the social and cultural value of oral history and field recordings in the transmission of knowledge to both researchers and the public. Together these recordings document how buildings and spaces within the dockyard were used and experienced by those who worked there. We can begin to understand the social and cultural roles of these buildings within the community, both past and present
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Relevance Criteria when Searching and Evaluating Online Video for Informational Use
Relevance is a core concept in the field of Information Science and a common term in everyday vernacular that generally refers to the usefulness of information. However, relevance has not been sufficiently or consistently defined or explored in the information science literature. Relevance criteria are the factors that information users employ when determining whether information they encounter is relevant. Identifying relevance criteria is a crucial step to understanding relevance. Relevance criteria employed with newer information formats like online video are especially important to study. Online video is now widespread, and people are increasingly likely to rely on video for information. This study identifies relevance criteria employed during relevance assessments of online video through a explanatory sequential mixed-methods study of frequent online video users including students, faculty, librarians, and video professionals. Methods included an online survey and interviews
Gamification of telematics data to enhance operatorsâ behaviour for improvement of machine productivity in loading cycles
Construction industry is suffering from low productivity rate in various projects such as excavation. Although this issue is discussed in literature and several approaches are proposed to address it, productivity rate is still low in construction industry compared to other domains like manufacturing.
Three core components directly affect the overall productivity in construction sector, i.e. labour productivity, raw material productivity, and machine or equipment productivity.
With a focus on construction machinery, three factors influence productivity at excavation sites; i.e. 1) machine-based productivity and its configuration, 2) site layout and environmental conditions, and 3) operatorsâ behaviour.
Operatorsâ competence and motivation represent two key parameters that affect their behaviour.
On one side, gamification has attracted a growing area of interest both in literature and practice, seeking to place a layer of entertainment and pleasure to the top of serious activities (with a focus on improving the applicantâs motivation and behaviour). On the other side, telematics systems are utilized to collect operational data of the machine, and calculate its productivity rate. Telematics data are presented to operators (via a built-in screen available in the cabin of the machine) to provide real-time feedback about machine performance. In addition, these data can support machine owners to perceive operatorsâ behaviour on a real-time basis. To conclude, telematics systems are providing real-time data which can be a great input into gamification.
A guideline is proposed in this dissertation that helps gamification designers to develop more transparent gamification models. This guideline is utilized to introduce a gamification model that gamifies telematics data with a focus on enhancing operatorsâ behaviour (machine productivity) in loading and transferring activities. The model was implemented at two sites(one recycling and one mining site) and could encourage operators (who were operating wheel-loaders and dump-trucks) to prevent redundant activities like texting, phoning, and even eating while operating the machine. Subsequently, it enhanced overall machine productivity up to 37% during the site observation.
To summarize, a gamified platform in which different operators from different organizations can share their achievements, or can get scored and ranked in a leader-board will potentially lead to a more proper operatorsâ behaviour at work and subsequently can improve overall productivity rate at construction sites
Envisioning Transitions. Bodies, buildings, and boundaries
âTransitionâ is the dynamic process of changing state, going beyond, crossing over, and passingâŻfrom one point to the next. The signification of the word is close to that ofâŻevolution, modification,âŻmutation, and transformation, all of which are confined into a strictly restricted timeframe.
Etymologically,âŻâtransitionsâ can be nothing else than temporary: they appear silently, burst, violentlyâŻestablish, and gradually disappear into reality. In their blinding momentariness, âtransitionsâ bearâŻwith them the positive undertone of change and renewal, along with the hopefulness of that whichâŻis unknown.âŻ
If the term âtransitionâ recurs regularly in the contemporary vocabulary ofâŻarchitecture and designâŻcultures, this repetition reveals a period characterized byâŻoverlapping and sequential changes. TheâŻword is without a doubt overused, but not without reason. Indeed, we find ourselves in an unusuallyâŻextended period of consecutive âtransitionsâ, overwhelmingly undefined in temporality andâŻambitions. As we are witnessing societies go through stark demographic, political, economic, andâŻcultural changes, the intersecting problematics (e.g., ecological, digital, pandemic, etc.) form aâŻrather complex topography of change, negatively charged by the instability of dilated time and theâŻuncertainty of undefined destination.
The word is employed with the confidence of a natural process, as if it were a storm, and whileâŻwe affirm our existence in âtransitionâ, we nod our troubled times away.
Whether positively or negatively perceived, âtransitionsâ form bridges between histories.âŻYet, whatâŻdoes it actually mean to be in âtransitionâ?âŻCan we define it as an autonomous and productiveâŻperiod whose importance could go beyond a starting and an ending date? How are âtransitionsââŻimpacting and being impacted by human spaces, the built environment, and design cultures? WhatâŻare some concrete, practical case studies that demonstrate how âtransitionsâ could affect architectureâŻand design cultures while emphasizing the role that these disciplines play in transitionalâŻprocesses?
It is within this backdrop that we put forward the theme of âtransitionââin all its simplicity andâŻcomplexity
General Course Catalog [2022/23 academic year]
General Course Catalog, 2022/23 academic yearhttps://repository.stcloudstate.edu/undergencat/1134/thumbnail.jp
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