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Toward Common Data Elements for International Research in Long-term Care Homes: Advancing Person-Centered Care
To support person-centered, residential long-term care internationally, a consortium of researchers in medicine, nursing, behavioral, and social sciences from 21 geographically and economically diverse countries have launched the WE-THRIVE consortium to develop a common data infrastructure. WE-THRIVE aims to identify measurement domains that are internationally relevant, including in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, prioritize concepts to operationalize domains, and specify a set of data elements to measure concepts that can be used across studies for data sharing and comparisons. This article reports findings from consortium meetings at the 2016 meeting of the Gerontological Society of America and the 2017 meeting of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, to identify domains and prioritize concepts, following best practices to identify common data elements (CDEs) that were developed through the US National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Nursing Research's CDEs initiative. Four domains were identified, including organizational context, workforce and staffing, person-centered care, and care outcomes. Using a nominal group process, WE-THRIVE prioritized 21 concepts across the 4 domains. Several concepts showed similarity to existing measurement structures, whereas others differed. Conceptual similarity (convergence; eg, concepts in the care outcomes domain of functional level and harm-free care) provides further support of the critical foundational work in LTC measurement endorsed and implemented by regulatory bodies. Different concepts (divergence; eg, concepts in the person-centered care domain of knowing the person and what matters most to the person) highlights current gaps in measurement efforts and is consistent with WE-THRIVE's focus on supporting resilience and thriving for residents, family, and staff. In alignment with the World Health Organization's call for comparative measurement work for health systems change, WE-THRIVE's work to date highlights the benefits of engaging with diverse LTC researchers, including those in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, to develop a measurement infrastructure that integrates the aspirations of person-centered LTC
You can't always sketch what you want: Understanding Sensemaking in Visual Query Systems
Visual query systems (VQSs) empower users to interactively search for line
charts with desired visual patterns, typically specified using intuitive
sketch-based interfaces. Despite decades of past work on VQSs, these efforts
have not translated to adoption in practice, possibly because VQSs are largely
evaluated in unrealistic lab-based settings. To remedy this gap in adoption, we
collaborated with experts from three diverse domains---astronomy, genetics, and
material science---via a year-long user-centered design process to develop a
VQS that supports their workflow and analytical needs, and evaluate how VQSs
can be used in practice. Our study results reveal that ad-hoc sketch-only
querying is not as commonly used as prior work suggests, since analysts are
often unable to precisely express their patterns of interest. In addition, we
characterize three essential sensemaking processes supported by our enhanced
VQS. We discover that participants employ all three processes, but in different
proportions, depending on the analytical needs in each domain. Our findings
suggest that all three sensemaking processes must be integrated in order to
make future VQSs useful for a wide range of analytical inquiries.Comment: Accepted for presentation at IEEE VAST 2019, to be held October 20-25
in Vancouver, Canada. Paper will also be published in a special issue of IEEE
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) IEEE VIS
(InfoVis/VAST/SciVis) 2019 ACM 2012 CCS - Human-centered computing,
Visualization, Visualization design and evaluation method
An analysis of schema change intervention
Successful organizational transformation relies on being able to achieve paradigm or collective schema change, and more particularly, the ability to manage the interplay between pre-existing schemas and alternative schemas required for new environments. This conceptual paper presents an analysis and critique of collective schema change dynamics. Two schema change pathways are reflected in the literature: frame-juxtapose-transition and frame-disengage-learning. Research findings in each pathway are limited and/or contradictory. Moreover, research on schema change focuses primarily on social dynamics and less on the relationship between social schema change dynamics and individual schema change dynamics. One implication of this lack of focus on individual schema change dynamics is the masking of the high level of cognitive processing and cognitive effort required by individuals to effect schema change. The capacity to achieve organizational transformation requires that more attention is given to managing these dynamics, which, in turn, requires significant investment in developing the change leadership capabilities of managers and the organizations they manage
Engage Wider Audience or Facilitate Quality Answers? a Mixed-methods Analysis of Questioning Strategies for Research Sensemaking on a Community Q&A Site
Discussing research-sensemaking questions on Community Question and Answering
(CQA) platforms has been an increasingly common practice for the public to
participate in science communication. Nonetheless, how users strategically
craft research-sensemaking questions to engage public participation and
facilitate knowledge construction is a significant yet less understood problem.
To fill this gap, we collected 837 science-related questions and 157,684
answers from Zhihu, and conducted a mixed-methods study to explore
user-developed strategies in proposing research-sensemaking questions, and
their potential effects on public engagement and knowledge construction.
Through open coding, we captured a comprehensive taxonomy of question-crafting
strategies, such as eyecatching narratives with counter-intuitive claims and
rigorous descriptions with data use. Regression analysis indicated that these
strategies correlated with user engagement and answer construction in different
ways (e.g., emotional questions attracted more views and answers), yet there
existed a general divergence between wide participation and quality knowledge
establishment, when most questioning strategies could not ensure both. Based on
log analysis, we further found that collaborative editing afforded unique
values in refining research-sensemaking questions regarding accuracy, rigor,
comprehensiveness and attractiveness. We propose design implications to
facilitate accessible, accurate and engaging science communication on CQA
platforms.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Proceedings of the
ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (CSCW 2024
Tensions and paradoxes in electronic patient record research: a systematic literature review using the meta-narrative method
Background: The extensive and rapidly expanding research literature on electronic patient records (EPRs) presents challenges to systematic reviewers. This literature is heterogeneous and at times conflicting, not least because it covers multiple research traditions with different underlying philosophical assumptions and methodological approaches.
Aim: To map, interpret and critique the range of concepts, theories, methods and empirical findings on EPRs, with a particular emphasis on the implementation and use of EPR systems.
Method: Using the meta-narrative method of systematic review, and applying search strategies that took us beyond the Medline-indexed literature, we identified over 500 full-text sources. We used âconflictingâ findings to address higher-order questions about how the EPR and its implementation were differently conceptualised and studied by different communities of researchers.
Main findings: Our final synthesis included 24 previous systematic reviews and 94 additional primary studies, most of the latter from outside the biomedical literature. A number of tensions were evident, particularly in relation to: [1] the EPR (âcontainerâ or âitineraryâ); [2] the EPR user (âinformation-processerâ or âmember of socio-technical networkâ); [3] organizational context (âthe setting within which the EPR is implementedâ or âthe EPR-in-useâ); [4] clinical work (âdecision-makingâ or âsituated practiceâ); [5] the process of change (âthe logic of determinismâ or âthe logic of oppositionâ); [6] implementation success (âobjectively definedâ or âsocially negotiatedâ); and [7] complexity and scale (âthe bigger the betterâ or âsmall is beautifulâ). Findings suggest that integration of EPRs will always require human work to re-contextualize knowledge for different uses; that whilst secondary work (audit, research, billing) may be made more efficient by the EPR, primary clinical work may be made less efficient; that paper, far from being technologically obsolete, currently offers greater ecological flexibility than most forms of electronic record; and that smaller systems may sometimes be more efficient and effective than larger ones.
Conclusions: The tensions and paradoxes revealed in this study extend and challenge previous reviews and suggest that the evidence base for some EPR programs is more limited than is often assumed. We offer this paper as a preliminary contribution to a much-needed debate on this evidence and its implications, and suggest avenues for new research
Developing a Resilience-Thinking Leadership Mindset Scale
The purpose of this study was to develop a resilience-thinking leadership mindset construct and scale. Although literature exists on developing resilience and relational leadership theories, very little research and literature address a resilience-thinking mindset as a leadership strategy. This study represents an initial step in filling this gap. This research project was the initial phase toward the development of a resilience-thinking leadership mindset (RTLM) scale. I used a mixed-methods approach which was divided into three stages. Stage 1 involved the development of the scale items and assessment of both face and content validity to revise the original scale. Stage 2 comprised conducting a pilot study and employing statistical analysis to assess the construct validity, which included an exploratory factor analysis and a partial confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA). The factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution with inter-item Cronbach\u27s Alphas of .936 for Factor 1 and .906 for Factor 2. The PCFA revealed a CFI of .964. Stage 3 entailed giving the refined RTLM scale to leaders in field of resilience management to further interpret and refine the scale\u27s factors and items. This scale will be useful to practitioners, researchers, and organizations that are interested in advancing resilience-thinking, mindful organizing, and adaptive governance. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA: Antioch University Repository and Archive, http://aura.antioch.edu/and Ohiolink ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu
Using design thinking to improve strategic decisions during collaborative sensemaking
Human cognitive limitations affect strategic decision-making. One of such
effects is emergence of cognitive biases, deviations from rationality in
judgment. These biases can negatively influence an organisation's capability to capture and utilize new ideas, thus inhibiting innovation. Researchers have documented different strategies for mitigating cognitive biases â and many of them overlap with the ones emphasised in design thinking. However, research so far does not offer any specific ârecipesâ for mitigation of cognitive biases. This paper links together research on challenges of strategic decision-making, cognitive biases and design thinking. The paper investigates the effects of applying design-thinking tool in collaborative sense-making stage, within a small business team, aiming to mitigate confirmation bias. The study indicated that newly introduced design-thinking tools did not have the expected positive influence on decision-making. The research contributes to the field by developing a new framework on how to identify and mitigate confirmation bias in strategic decision-making
Exploring the use of Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies in Business Studies Education
Augmented and Virtual reality technologies could provide solutions to improving current online collaboration in teaching and learning. In education, VR and AR are already in use in education, such as in History education. However, there are very few applications and studies in business studies education. This paper intends to apply Gibsonâs (1978) ecological psychology\u27s concept of affordances including Sensemaking and Orlikowski (1992) Technology frames of reference and explore the extent of experience by experts in VR and AR field can be applied in Business Studies education. Mixed research methods involving interviews and surveys can explore how academics perceive and use VR and AR technologies. Findings from case studies indicate that it enhances collaboration potential using these technologies. The implications discussed in this paper could improve collaboration among academics and students in business studies education
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