AGENDA: Energy Field Tour 2003

Congressional staff tour held August 11-16, 2003 Summary: Binder of assorted articles, maps, brochures and other materials prepared for participants of the tour Contents: MONDAY, AUGUST 11, 2003: BLUE SPRUCE PEAKER PLANT: University of Colorado Natural Resources Law Center : congressional staff tour of Blue Spruce Energy Center / Peggy Duxbury -- \u27Power Struggle\u27, National Journal, June 27, 2003 / Margaret Kritz -- \u27Calpine\u27s Blue Spruce Energy Center begins commercial operation\u27, Calpine press release, April 17, 2003 -- NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB: NREL at a glance -- NREL technologies -- SHOSHONE HYDROELECTRIC PLANT: \u27River District Board supports spring Shoshone call reduction plans, with stipulations\u27, press release, March 12, 2003 / Colorado River Water Conservation District TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 2003: ROAN PLATEAU PROPOSED WILDERNESS AREA: Roan Plateau -- Roan Plateau travel map & visitor guide / United States, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Glenwood Springs Resource Area, Colorado -- Status of the oil & gas industry in Garfield County / Garfield County -- Vicinity map : Roan Plateau Area boundary -- Roan Plateau RMP [map] / Bureau of Land Management, Glenwood Springs Field Office -- Roan Plateau [photos] / Bureau of Land Management, Glenwood Springs Field Office -- VALLEY OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT: \u27Commission : BLM focus on energy development\u27, Daily Sentinel, May 3, 2003 / Mike McKibben -- \u27DeGette doesn\u27t give up on wilderness\u27, Daily Sentinel, July 2, 2003 / Mike McKibben -- \u27A balance of energy, nature\u27, Rocky Mountain News, July 8, 2003 / Deborah Frazier -- \u27The National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1998--Appendix C : Public Law 105.85\u27, GSRA Oil & Gas Draft SEIS, June, 1998, p. C-1-C-2 -- DELTA MONTROSE ENERGY: \u27Cutting edge in rural Colorado?, BusinessWeek, March 5, 2001 / Hal Clifford -- Fascinating GeoExchange facts / Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium -- Geothermal heat pumps make sense for homeowners, April 1999, p. 1-4 / United States, Department of Energy, Office of Geothermal Technologies -- \u27Innovative DMEA heat pump program earns Western\u27s Administrator\u27s Award\u27, Energy Services Bulletin, vol. 16, no. 5, October 1998 -- Fuel cells & our F.U.T.U.R.E. (Fantastic Utility Technologies Utilizing Resources Efficiently) / Colorado Governor\u27s Office of Energy Management and Conservation, Delta-Montrose Electric Association WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2003: TRAVEL TO GRAND JUNCTION: Garfield County, Colorado : a short history and description / Judy Crook, Doug Cullen -- Nuclear stimulation projects : Rulison and Rio Blanco Law 105.85, June 1998 -- LIGHTHAWK FLYOVER : OIL & GAS, COAL, COALBED METHANE: Company facts : BP in the San Juan Basin, August 2003 / BP America Inc. -- \u27150 new gas wells planned for HD Mountains Roadless Area, San Juan National Forest\u27 / San Juan Citizens Alliance -- \u27HD gas wells should wait, officials say\u27, Durango Herald, [June 25, 2003] / Dale Rodebaugh -- HD Mountains Roadless Area, San Juan National Forest : 200+ proposed coalbed methane gas wells [map, draft copy] -- San Juan Basin wellsites [map] -- San Juan Basin gas production [chart] -- COALBED METHANE DEVELOPMENT: Coalbed methane development in the Intermountain West / Natural Resources Law Center -- OIL SHALE: \u27Shale oil : the elusive energy\u27, Hubbert Center Newsletter #98/4 / Walter Youngquist -- \u27Oil shale collapse preserved scenic vistas\u27, Denver Rocky Mountain News, October 5, 1999 / Richard Williamson -- \u27Colorado oil shale gets a second look\u27, High Country News, vol. 34, no. 4, March 4, 2002 / Hal Clifford -- CLIFFORD DUNCAN, UTE ELDER: Ute Tribe / Utah Division of Indian Affairs THURSDAY, AUGUST 14, 2003: TRAPPER MINE: Reclamation success : Trapper Coal Mine wildlife / Mineral Information Institute -- Reclamation success : reclamation award for Trapper Mining Inc. / Mineral Information Institute -- Colorado mine one of three best examples of reclamation in the United States, news release, September 19, 2002 / Colorado Mining Association -- HAYDEN POWER PLANT: Xcel Energy factsheets and map -- \u27Xcel investing millions in conservation plans\u27, Denver Post, June 2, 2003 / Steve Raabe -- Xcel Energy supports the Clear Skies Act -- Comments of Xcel Energy Inc. on proposed new source review/routine maintenance, repair and replacement rule, 67 Fed. Reg. 80290 (December 31, 2002) [in letter to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 30, 2003] / Olon Plunk -- Xcel Energy / Olon Plunk -- CONVERSATION WITH REED ZARS: \u27Reed Zars : policing pollution\u27, National Law Journal, January 6, 2003 / Elizabeth Amon FRIDAY, AUGUST 15, 2003: ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK: Air quality in the national parks, second edition, September 2002 / U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Air Resources Division -- \u27Clean air : trading plans highlight differences between Clear Skies, competing bills\u27, Greenwire, May 7, 2003 / Darren Samuelsohn -- \u27Air pollution : variety of control techniques under scrutiny as EPA, Congress move to regulate mercury\u27, Environment Reporter, vol. 34, no. 25, June 20 2003 / Steve Cook -- \u27Climate change : carbon capture, storage technology tops administration research options\u27, Environment Reporter, vol. 34, no. 25, June 20, 2003 / Pamela Najor SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 2003: NREL WIND RESEARCH STATION: See National Wind Technology Center literature from Day 1, Monday, August 11 SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS: Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area : Wilderness/Front Country visitor regulations / Bureau of Land Management, Grand Junction Field Office -- Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area : map & guide / Bureau of Land Management Grand Junction Field Offic

Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers

[EN] Nowadays, collaborative knowledge management (CKM) is well accepted as a decisive asset in the field of networked enterprises and supply chains. However, few knowledge management initiatives have been performed successfully because, in most cases, the barriers that hinder the CKM process are unknown and misunderstood. Currently, the research reveals different uni- and bi-dimensional barriers' classifications, however multi-dimensional approaches provide a better view of the complexity in the area of CKM. Therefore, this paper proposes the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers taking into account: (i) perspectives; (ii) levels and (iii) barriers blocks to provide a reference way to audit the CKM barriers, and thus, in further research, focus on the corrections and adjustments to guarantee the success while implementing a CKM project.Sanchis, R.; Sanchis Gisbert, MR.; Poler, R. (2020). Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers. Sustainability. 12(3):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031279S125123Rajabion, L., Sataei Mokhtari, A., Khordehbinan, M. W., Zare, M., & Hassani, A. (2019). The role of knowledge sharing in supply chain success. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(6), 1222-1249. doi:10.1108/jedt-03-2019-0052Sanguankaew, P., & Vathanophas Ractham, V. (2019). Bibliometric Review of Research on Knowledge Management and Sustainability, 1994–2018. Sustainability, 11(16), 4388. doi:10.3390/su11164388Zhang, J., Dawes, S. S., & Sarkis, J. (2005). Exploring stakeholders’ expectations of the benefits and barriers of e‐government knowledge sharing. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 18(5), 548-567. doi:10.1108/17410390510624007Riege, A. (2005). Three‐dozen knowledge‐sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35. doi:10.1108/13673270510602746Yih‐Tong Sun, P., & Scott, J. L. (2005). An investigation of barriers to knowledge transfer. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(2), 75-90. doi:10.1108/13673270510590236Solli-Sæther, H., Karlsen, J. T., & van Oorschot, K. (2015). Strategic and Cultural Misalignment: Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Project Networks. Project Management Journal, 46(3), 49-60. doi:10.1002/pmj.21501Kukko, M. (2013). Knowledge sharing barriers in organic growth: A case study from a software company. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 24(1), 18-29. doi:10.1016/j.hitech.2013.02.006Mazorodze, A. H., & Buckley, S. (2019). Knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organisations: Understanding its benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers. SA Journal of Information Management, 21(1). doi:10.4102/sajim.v21i1.990Vuori, V., Helander, N., & Mäenpää, S. (2018). Network level knowledge sharing: Leveraging Riege’s model of knowledge barriers. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 17(3), 253-263. doi:10.1080/14778238.2018.1557999Bacon, E., Williams, M. D., & Davies, G. (2020). Coopetition in innovation ecosystems: A comparative analysis of knowledge transfer configurations. Journal of Business Research, 115, 307-316. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.005General Perspectives on Knowledge Management: Fostering a Research Agenda. (2001). Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 5-21. doi:10.1080/07421222.2001.11045672Gupta, S., & Bostrom, R. (2006). Using peer-to-peer technology for collaborative knowledge management: concepts, frameworks and research issues. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 4(3), 187-196. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500103Bosua, R., & Scheepers, R. (2007). Towards a model to explain knowledge sharing in complex organizational environments. 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Risks and benefits of knowledge sharing in co-opetitive knowledge networks. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 13(3), 209. doi:10.1504/ijnvo.2013.063049Martinez-Noya, A., Garcia-Canal, E., & Guillen, M. F. (2012). R&D Outsourcing and the Effectiveness of Intangible Investments: Is Proprietary Core Knowledge Walking out of the Door? Journal of Management Studies, 50(1), 67-91. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01086.xROSEN, B., FURST, S., & BLACKBURN, R. (2007). Overcoming Barriers to Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams. Organizational Dynamics, 36(3), 259-273. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2007.04.007Hislop, D. (2005). The effect of network size on intra-network knowledge processes. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 3(4), 244-252. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500073Abou-Zeid, E.-S. (2005). A culturally aware model of inter-organizational knowledge transfer. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 3(3), 146-155. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500064Balle, A. R., Steffen, M. O., Curado, C., & Oliveira, M. (2019). Interorganizational knowledge sharing in a science and technology park: the use of knowledge sharing mechanisms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(10), 2016-2038. doi:10.1108/jkm-05-2018-0328Baccarini, D., Salm, G., & Love, P. E. D. (2004). Management of risks in information technology projects. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(4), 286-295. doi:10.1108/02635570410530702Sherehiy, B., Karwowski, W., & Layer, J. K. (2007). A review of enterprise agility: Concepts, frameworks, and attributes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(5), 445-460. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2007.01.007Peltokorpi, V. (2006). Knowledge sharing in a cross-cultural context: Nordic expatriates in Japan. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 4(2), 138-148. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500095Solitander, M., & Tidström, A. (2010). Competitive flows of intellectual capital in value creating networks. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(1), 23-38. doi:10.1108/14691931011013316Khamseh, H. M., & Jolly, D. (2014). Knowledge transfer in alliances: the moderating role of the alliance type. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 12(4), 409-420. doi:10.1057/kmrp.2012.63Corallo, A., Lazoi, M., & Secundo, G. (2012). Inter-organizational knowledge integration in Collaborative NPD projects: evidence from the aerospace industry. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 10(4), 354-367. doi:10.1057/kmrp.2012.25Salvetat, D., Géraudel, M., & d’ Armagnac, S. (2013). Inter-organizational knowledge management in a coopetitive context in the aeronautic and space industry. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 11(3), 265-277. doi:10.1057/kmrp.2012.6Baba, M. L., Gluesing, J., Ratner, H., & Wagner, K. H. (2004). The contexts of knowing: natural history of a globally distributed team. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(5), 547-587. doi:10.1002/job.259Korbi, F. B., & Chouki, M. (2017). 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Knowledge and Process Management, 19(1), 27-38. doi:10.1002/kpm.1379Tiwari, S. R. (2015). Knowledge Integration in Government-Industry Project Network. Knowledge and Process Management, 22(1), 11-21. doi:10.1002/kpm.1460Mariotti, F. (2007). Learning to share knowledge in the Italian motorsport industry. Knowledge and Process Management, 14(2), 81-94. doi:10.1002/kpm.275Ardichvili, A. (2008). Learning and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities of Practice: Motivators, Barriers, and Enablers. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(4), 541-554. doi:10.1177/1523422308319536Levy, M., Loebbecke, C., & Powell, P. (2003). SMEs, co-opetition and knowledge sharing: the role of information systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 12(1), 3-17. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000439Gabelica, C., Bossche, P. V. den, Segers, M., & Gijselaers, W. (2012). Feedback, a powerful lever in teams: A review. 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Entrepreneurial University – from Ideas to Reality

The aim of this study is to formulate and highlight the thesis on reasonability and capability of applying such attitudes and pursuing such activities in the practical operation of institutions of higher education that reflect the idea of the entrepreneurial university which has become prominent nowadays. The idea is described in brief and its present status is indicated here. The authors are seeking conditions for the practical implementation of this idea. They formulate four attributes of the entrepreneurial university, naming them economic, market, innovative and managerial orientations. They point to specific criteria of identifying each of the orientations. They present the general assessment of entrepreneurship of Polish institutions of higher education. Their conclusions highlight the most topical conditions for implementing the idea of entrepreneurial university, such as: building the economic strength and market position of the university, developing relations with the socioeconomic environment, internationalisation and innovativeness. The authors give support to the idea of the entrepreneurial university but – by examining the Polish reality – they notice the need for actions in the sphere of law, which regulates the university’s capabilities to act, and point to the need for entrepreneurship-oriented transformations of lawyers and university management staff’s awareness.Janusz Olearnik: [email protected]ława Pluta-Olearnik: [email protected]. dr hab. Janusz Olearnik – Department of Tourism, University School of Physical Education in WroclawProf. dr hab. Mirosława Pluta-Olearnik – Department of Fundamentals of Marketing, Wroclaw University of EconomicsClark B. R. 1998 Creating Entrepreneurial University: Organizational Pathways of Transition, International Association of Universities, Paris.Clark B. R. 2004 Sustaining Change in Universities. Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts, The Society for Research into Higher Education.Etzkowitz H., Leydesdorff L., 1999 The Future Location of Research and Technology Transfer. “Journal of Technology Transfer”, Summer.Etzkowitz H., Webster A., Gebhart C., Terra B. R. C. 2000 The Future of the University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial Paradigm, “Research Policy”, No. 29.Etzkowitz H. 2004 The Evolution of the Entrepreneurial University, “International Journal of Technology and Globalisation”, Vol. 1.Etzkowitz H., 2013 Anatomy of the Entrepreneurial University, “Social Science Information”, September, Vol. 52.Gorzelak G. 2009 Uniwersytet przedsiębiorczy, „Forum Akademickie”, nr 1.Handbook of the Entrepreneurial University, 2015, A. Fayolle, D. T. Redford (ed.), ed. EE – Edward Elgar.Kozłowski J. 2009 Przedsiębiorcze uniwersytety, „Forum Akademickie”, nr 2.Krajewska-Smardz A. 2012 Cele i korzyści budowania relacji szkoły wyższej z absolwentami. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, nr 711.Kukliński A. 2003 Gospodarka oparta na wiedzy – społeczeństwo oparte na wiedzy – trajektoria regionalna, „Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe”, Vol. 2, nr 22.Marketing w szkole wyższej. Przemiany w orientacji marketingowej, 2011, (ed.) G. Nowaczyk, D. Sobolewski, Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa, Poznań.Olearnik J. 2013 Przedsiębiorczość jako element nowoczesnej orientacji szkoły wyższej, Zeszyty Naukowe, nr 751, seria Problemy zarządzania, finansów i marketingu nr 29/2013, Uniwersytet Szczeciński.Pluta-Olearnik M. 2012 International Orientation in the Strategy of Scientific and Research Institutions, [w:] Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, Scientific Journal published by The Institute of Aviation, Warsaw, nr 226.Przedsiębiorcza uczelnia i jej relacje z otoczeniem, 2009, (ed.) M. Pluta-Olearnik M., Difin, Warszawa.Przedsiębiorczość akademicka (rozwój firm spin-off, spin-out) – zapotrzebowanie na szkolenia służące jej rozwojowi, 2009, Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, Warszawa.Szkoły wyższe i ich finanse w 2014r., 2015, Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Warszawa.The Whole World Is Going to University, 2015 The Economist, 28-03-2015.Uniwersytet trzeciej generacji. Stan i perspektywy rozwoju, 2013, (ed.) D. Burawski, Wydawnictwo Europejskie Centrum Wspierania Przedsiębiorczości, Poznań.110-1205(77)11012

Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector

[EN] The retail distribution sector is facing a difficult time as the current landscape is characterized by ever-increasing competition. In these conditions, the search for an appropriate location strategy has the potential to become a differentiating and competitive factor. Although, in theory, an increasing level of importance is placed on geography because of its key role in understanding the success of a business, this is not the case in practice. For this reason, the process outlined in this paper has been specifically developed to detect new business locations. The methodology consists of a range of analyzes with Geographical Information Systems (GISs) from a marketing point of view. This new approach is called geomarketing. First, geodemand and geocompetition are located on two separate digital maps using spatial and non-spatial databases. Second, a third map is obtained by matching this information with the demand not dealt with properly by the current commercial offer. Third, the Kernel density allows users to visualize results, thus facilitating decision-making by managers, regardless of their professional background. The advantage of this methodology is the capacity of GIS to handle large amounts of information, both spatial and non-spatial. A practical application is performed in Murcia (Spain) with 100 supermarkets and data at a city block level, which is the highest possible level of detail. This detection process can be used in any commercial distribution company, so it can be generalized and considered a global solution for retailers.Roig Tierno, H.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Buitrago Vera, JM. (2013). Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector. Global Business Perspectives. 1(3):226-238. doi:10.1007/s40196-013-0015-6S22623813Alarcón, S. (2011). The trade credit in the Spanish agrofood industry. Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment (New Medit), 10(2), 51–57.Alcaide, J. 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Changing methods of location planning for retail companies. GeoJournal, 45, 289–298.Clarkson, R. M., Clarke-Hill, C. M., & Robinson, T. (1996). UK supermarket location assessment. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 24(6), 22–33.Davis, P. (2006). Spatial competition in retail markets: Movie theaters. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37(4), 964–982.Ghosh, A., & McLafferty, S. L. (1982). Locating stores in uncertain environments: A scenario planning approach. Journal of Retailing, 58(4), 5–22.Härdle, W. (1991). Smoothing techniques with implementation in S. Nueva York, NY: Springer.Harris, B., & Batty, M. (1993). Locational models, geographical information, and planning support systems. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 12, 184–198.Hernandez, T. (2007). Enhancing retail location decision support: The development and application of geovisualization. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14, 249–258.Hernandez, T., & Bennison, D. (2000). 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Social capital in industrial districts: Influence of the strength of ties and density of the network on the sense of belonging to the district

This is the accepted version of the following article: Molina-Morales, F.X.; Capó-Vicedo, J.; Mª Teresa Martínez Fernández; Expósito Langa, M. (2013). Social capital in industrial districts: Influence of the strength of ties and density of the network on the sense of belonging to the district. Papers in Regional Science. 92(4):773-789. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00463.x, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00463.x/pdf.A sense of belonging is a crucial factor determining the identification of the firms in industrial districts. From the social capital perspective, this paper analyses how the structural and relational dimensions of social capital determine a firm's sense of belonging to the industrial district. The study analyses a sample of 213 companies belonging to two Spanish industrial districts. Results of the survey offer an important contribution to the specific literature by finding the explanatory factors with which to distinguish between groups according to their level of embeddedness in the district.Molina Morales, FX.; Capó-Vicedo, J.; Martínez Fernández, MT.; Expósito Langa, M. (2013). Social capital in industrial districts: Influence of the strength of ties and density of the network on the sense of belonging to the district. Papers in Regional Science. 92(4):773-789. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00463.xS773789924Aharonson, B. S., Baum, J. A. C., & Plunket, A. (2008). Inventive and uninventive clusters: The case of Canadian biotechnology. Research Policy, 37(6-7), 1108-1131. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.008Antonelli, C. (2000). Collective Knowledge Communication and Innovation: The Evidence of Technological Districts. Regional Studies, 34(6), 535-547. doi:10.1080/00343400050085657Asheim, B. T. (1996). 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Bibliometric studies on single journals: a review

This paper covers a total of 82 bibliometric studies on single journals (62 studies cover unique titles) published between 1998 and 2008 grouped into the following fields; Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (12 items); Medical and Health Sciences (19 items); Sciences and Technology (30 items) and Library and Information Sciences (21 items). Under each field the studies are described in accordance to their geographical location in the following order, United Kingdom, United States and Americana, Europe, Asia (India, Africa and Malaysia). For each study, elements described are (a) the journal’s publication characteristics and indexation information; (b) the objectives; (c) the sampling and bibliometric measures used; and (d) the results observed. A list of journal titles studied is appended. The results show that (a)bibliometric studies cover journals in various fields; (b) there are several revisits of some journals which are considered important; (c) Asian and African contributions is high (41.4 of total studies; 43.5 covering unique titles), United States (30.4 of total; 31.0 on unique titles), Europe (18.2 of total and 14.5 on unique titles) and the United Kingdom (10 of total and 11 on unique titles); (d) a high number of bibliometrists are Indians and as such coverage of Indian journals is high (28 of total studies; 30.6 of unique titles); and (e) the quality of the journals and their importance either nationally or internationally are inferred from their indexation status

The strategic use of business method patents: a pilot study of out of court settlements

A patent is an exclusive right preventing the use or exploitation of an invention by others than the owner of the patent. A patent can be accurately described as a statutory monopoly within the scope and the jurisdiction of its grant. Proprietary positions in electronic commerce are particularly critical because of the low barriers to entry in the digital environment, and the huge potential value buried in reengineering supply chains and direct retailing services

Law and Policy in the Age of the Internet

Technological knowledge is of many different kinds, from experience-based know-how in the crafts to science-based knowledge in modern engineering. It is inherently oriented towards being useful in technological activities, such as manufacturing and engineering design. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight special characteristics of technological knowledge and how these affect how technology should be taught in school. It consists of an introduction, a summary in Swedish, and five papers: Paper I is about rules of thumb, which are simple instructions, used to guide actions toward a specific result, without need of advanced knowledge. One off the major advantages of rules of thumb is the ease with which they can be learnt. One of their major disadvantages is that they cannot easily be adjusted to new situations or conditions. Paper II describes how Gilbert Ryle's distinction between knowing how and knowing that is applicable in the technological domain. Knowing how and knowing that are commonly used together, but there are important differences between them which motivate why they should be regarded as different types: they are learnt in different ways, justified in different ways, and knowing that is susceptible to Gettier type problems which technological knowing how is not. Paper III is based on a survey about how Swedish technology teachers understand the concept of technological knowledge. Their opinions show an extensive variation, and they have no common terminology for describing the knowledge. Paper IV deals with non-scientific models that are commonly used by engineers, based on for example folk theories or obsolete science. These should be included in technology education if it is to resemble real technology. Different, and partly contradictory, epistemological frameworks must be used in different school subjects. This leads to major pedagogical challenges, but also to opportunities to clarify the differences between technology and the natural sciences and between models and reality. Paper V is about explanation, prediction, and the use of models in technology education. Explanations and models in technology differ from those in the natural sciences in that they have to include users' actions and intentions.QC 20140512</p

When the Social Meets the Semantic: Social Semantic Web or Web 2.5

The social trend is progressively becoming the key feature of current Web understanding (Web 2.0). This trend appears irrepressible as millions of users, directly or indirectly connected through social networks, are able to share and exchange any kind of content, information, feeling or experience. Social interactions radically changed the user approach. Furthermore, the socialization of content around social objects provides new unexplored commercial marketplaces and business opportunities. On the other hand, the progressive evolution of the web towards the Semantic Web (or Web 3.0) provides a formal representation of knowledge based on the meaning of data. When the social meets semantics, the social intelligence can be formed in the context of a semantic environment in which user and community profiles as well as any kind of interaction is semantically represented (Semantic Social Web). This paper first provides a conceptual analysis of the second and third version of the Web model. That discussion is aimed at the definition of a middle concept (Web 2.5) resulting in the convergence and integration of key features from the current and next generation Web. The Semantic Social Web (Web 2.5) has a clear theoretical meaning, understood as the bridge between the overused Web 2.0 and the not yet mature Semantic Web (Web 3.0).Pileggi, SF.; Fernández Llatas, C.; Traver Salcedo, V. (2012). When the Social Meets the Semantic: Social Semantic Web or Web 2.5. Future Internet. 4(3):852-854. doi:10.3390/fi4030852S85285443Chi, E. H. (2008). The Social Web: Research and Opportunities. Computer, 41(9), 88-91. doi:10.1109/mc.2008.401Bulterman, D. C. A. (2001). SMIL 2.0 part 1: overview, concepts, and structure. IEEE Multimedia, 8(4), 82-88. doi:10.1109/93.959106Boll, S. (2007). MultiTube--Where Web 2.0 and Multimedia Could Meet. IEEE Multimedia, 14(1), 9-13. doi:10.1109/mmul.2007.17Fraternali, P., Rossi, G., & Sánchez-Figueroa, F. (2010). Rich Internet Applications. 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