6,403 research outputs found
Adjunct hexagonal array token Petri nets and hexagonal picture languages
Adjunct Hexagonal Array Token Petri Net Structures (AHPN) are re-
cently introduced hexagonal picture generating devices which extended the Hexag- onal Array Token Petri Net Structures . In this paper we consider AHPN model along with a control feature called inhibitor arcs and compare it with some ex- pressive hexagonal picture generating and recognizing models with respect to the
generating power
From Analogue to Digital Vocalizations
Sound is a medium used by humans to carry information.
The existence of this kind of
medium is a pre-requisite for language. It is organized
into a code, called speech, which
provides a repertoire of forms that is shared in each
language community. This code is necessary to support the linguistic
interactions that allow humans to communicate.
How then may a speech code be formed prior to the
existence of linguistic interactions?
Moreover, the human speech code is characterized by several
properties: speech is digital and compositional (vocalizations
are made of units re-used systematically in other syllables);
phoneme inventories have precise regularities as well as
great diversity in human languages; all the speakers of a
language community categorize sounds in the same manner,
but each language has its own system of categorization,
possibly very different from every other.
How can a speech code with these properties form?
These are the questions we will approach in the paper. We will
study them using the method of the artificial. We will
build a society of artificial agents, and study what mechanisms
may provide answers. This will not prove directly what mechanisms
were used for humans, but rather give ideas about what kind
of mechanism may have been used. This allows us to shape the
search space of possible answers, in particular by showing
what is sufficient and what is not necessary.
The mechanism we present is based on a low-level model of
sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very
simple and non language-specific neural devices
allows a population of agents to build a speech code that
has the properties mentioned above. The originality is
that it pre-supposes neither a functional pressure for
communication, nor the ability to have coordinated
social interactions (they do not play language or imitation
games). It relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic
coupling between perception and production both
within agents, and on the interactions between agents
The Self-Organization of Speech Sounds
The speech code is a vehicle of language: it defines
a set of forms used by a community to carry information.
Such a code is necessary to support the linguistic
interactions that allow humans to communicate.
How then may a speech code be formed prior to the
existence of linguistic interactions?
Moreover, the human speech code is discrete and compositional,
shared by all the individuals of a community but different
across communities, and phoneme inventories are characterized by
statistical regularities. How can a speech code with these properties form?
We try to approach these questions in the paper,
using the ``methodology of the artificial''. We
build a society of artificial agents, and detail a mechanism that
shows the formation of a discrete speech code without pre-supposing
the existence of linguistic capacities or of coordinated interactions.
The mechanism is based on a low-level model of
sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very
simple and non language-specific neural devices
leads to the formation of a speech code that
has properties similar to the human speech code.
This result relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic
coupling between perception and production
within agents, and on the interactions between agents.
The artificial system helps us to develop better intuitions on how speech
might have appeared, by showing how self-organization
might have helped natural selection to find speech
From Holistic to Discrete Speech Sounds: The Blind Snow-Flake Maker Hypothesis
Sound is a medium used by humans to carry information.
The existence of this kind of
medium is a pre-requisite for language. It is organized
into a code, called speech, which
provides a repertoire of forms that is shared in each
language community. This code is necessary to support the linguistic
interactions that allow humans to communicate.
How then may a speech code be formed prior to the
existence of linguistic interactions?
Moreover, the human speech code is characterized by several
properties: speech is digital and compositional (vocalizations
are made of units re-used systematically in other syllables);
phoneme inventories have precise regularities as well as
great diversity in human languages; all the speakers of a
language community categorize sounds in the same manner,
but each language has its own system of categorization,
possibly very different from every other.
How can a speech code with these properties form?
These are the questions we will approach in the paper. We will
study them using the method of the artificial. We will
build a society of artificial agents, and study what mechanisms
may provide answers. This will not prove directly what mechanisms
were used for humans, but rather give ideas about what kind
of mechanism may have been used. This allows us to shape the
search space of possible answers, in particular by showing
what is sufficient and what is not necessary.
The mechanism we present is based on a low-level model of
sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very
simple and non language-specific neural devices
allows a population of agents to build a speech code that
has the properties mentioned above. The originality is
that it pre-supposes neither a functional pressure for
communication, nor the ability to have coordinated
social interactions (they do not play language or imitation
games). It relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic
coupling between perception and production both
within agents, and on the interactions between agents
From holism to compositionality: memes and the evolution of segmentation, syntax, and signification in music and language
Steven Mithen argues that language evolved from an antecedent he terms “Hmmmmm, [meaning it was] Holistic, manipulative, multi-modal, musical and mimetic”. Owing to certain innate and learned factors, a capacity for segmentation and cross-stream mapping in early Homo sapiens broke the continuous line of Hmmmmm, creating discrete replicated units which, with the initial support of Hmmmmm, eventually became the semantically freighted words of modern language. That which remained after what was a bifurcation of Hmmmmm arguably survived as music, existing as a sound stream segmented into discrete units, although one without the explicit and relatively fixed semantic content of language. All three types of utterance – the parent Hmmmmm, language, and music – are amenable to a memetic interpretation which applies Universal Darwinism to what are understood as language and musical memes. On the basis of Peter Carruthers’ distinction between ‘cognitivism’ and ‘communicativism’ in language, and William Calvin’s theories of cortical information encoding, a framework is hypothesized for the semantic and syntactic associations between, on the one hand, the sonic patterns of language memes (‘lexemes’) and of musical memes (‘musemes’) and, on the other hand, ‘mentalese’ conceptual structures, in Chomsky’s ‘Logical Form’ (LF)
A parallel algorithm for the enumeration of benzenoid hydrocarbons
We present an improved parallel algorithm for the enumeration of fixed
benzenoids B_h containing h hexagonal cells. We can thus extend the enumeration
of B_h from the previous best h=35 up to h=50. Analysis of the associated
generating function confirms to a very high degree of certainty that and we estimate that the growth constant and the amplitude .Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Pure 2D picture grammars and languages
A new syntactic model, called pure two-dimensional (2D) context-free grammar (P2DCFG), is introduced based on the notion of pure context-free string grammar. The rectangular picture generative power of this 2D grammar model is investigated. Certain closure properties are obtained. An analogue of this 2D grammar model called pure 2D hexagonal context-free grammar (P2DHCFG) is also considered to generate hexagonal picture arrays on triangular grids
Intrinsic universality and the computational power of self-assembly
This short survey of recent work in tile self-assembly discusses the use of
simulation to classify and separate the computational and expressive power of
self-assembly models. The journey begins with the result that there is a single
universal tile set that, with proper initialization and scaling, simulates any
tile assembly system. This universal tile set exhibits something stronger than
Turing universality: it captures the geometry and dynamics of any simulated
system. From there we find that there is no such tile set in the
noncooperative, or temperature 1, model, proving it weaker than the full tile
assembly model. In the two-handed or hierarchal model, where large assemblies
can bind together on one step, we encounter an infinite set, of infinite
hierarchies, each with strictly increasing simulation power. Towards the end of
our trip, we find one tile to rule them all: a single rotatable flipable
polygonal tile that can simulate any tile assembly system. It seems this could
be the beginning of a much longer journey, so directions for future work are
suggested.Comment: In Proceedings MCU 2013, arXiv:1309.104
Object orientation and visualization of physics in two dimensions
We present a generalized framework for cellular/lattice based visualizations
in two dimensions based on state of the art computing abstractions. Our
implementation takes the form of a library of reusable functions written in C++
which hides complex graphical programming issues from the user and mimics the
algebraic structure of physics at the Hamiltonian level. Our toolkit is not
just a graphics library but an object analysis of physical systems which
disentangles separate concepts in a faithful analytical way. It could be
rewritten in other languages such as Java and extended to three dimensional
systems straightforwardly. We illustrate the usefulness of our analysis with
implementations of spin-films (the two-dimensional XY model with and without an
external magnetic field) and a model for diffusion through a triangular
lattice.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
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