Mapping and the Citizen Sensor

The role of citizens in mapping has evolved considerably over the last decade. This chapter outlines the background to citizen sensing in mapping and sets the scene for the chapters that follow, which highlight some of the main outcomes of a collaborative programme of work to enhance the role of citizens in mapping

CONTRIBUCIONES A LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA Y EMPRESARIAL

Various topics of public and business administration are shown in the sixth volume and third number of 2022 of the Cuban Journal of Public and Business Administration. The number of original articles and a case study, with authors from Cuba, Ecuador and China, make up the number. Topics related to: public administration and the legal regime, public policies for Higher Education, energy security, citizen security and the evaluation of public services at the local level, dashboards and the balanced scorecard are shown. of central government management, data ecosystem reference architecture, technology intensity in high-tech enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and enterprise governance system integration. This editorial first analyzes the issues of public administration and then those of the business field, delving into the approaches, concepts, methods and experiences developed.Diversos tópicos de la administración pública y empresarial se muestran en el sexto volumen y tercer número del 2022 de la Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial. Conforman el número artículos originales y un caso de estudio, con autores de Cuba, Ecuador y China. Se muestran temas relacionados con: la administración pública y el régimen jurídico, las políticas públicas de la Educción Superior, la seguridad energética, la seguridad ciudadana y la evaluación de los servicios públicos a nivel local, los tableros de mando y el cuadro de mando integral de la gestión del gobierno a nivel central, la arquitectura de referencia de ecosistemas de datos, la intensidad tecnológica en empresas de alta tecnología, las pequeñas y medianas empresas y la integración del sistema de dirección empresarial. En esta editorial se analizan primero las temáticas de la administración pública y luego las del ámbito empresarial, profundizando en los enfoques, conceptos, métodos y experiencias desarrolladas

Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information

Citizens are increasingly becoming an important source of geographic information, sometimes entering domains that had until recently been the exclusive realm of authoritative agencies. This activity has a very diverse character as it can, amongst other things, be active or passive, involve spatial or aspatial data and the data provided can be variable in terms of key attributes such as format, description and quality. Unsurprisingly, therefore, there are a variety of terms used to describe data arising from citizens. In this article, the expressions used to describe citizen sensing of geographic information are reviewed and their use over time explored, prior to categorizing them and highlighting key issues in the current state of the subject. The latter involved a review of ~100 Internet sites with particular focus on their thematic topic, the nature of the data and issues such as incentives for contributors. This review suggests that most sites involve active rather than passive contribution, with citizens typically motivated by the desire to aid a worthy cause, often receiving little training. As such, this article provides a snapshot of the role of citizens in crowdsourcing geographic information and a guide to the current status of this rapidly emerging and evolving subject

Arquitectura de referencia de ecosistemas de datos basada en data mesh & data fabric

Digital transformation requires rapid and profound changes to take advantage of technologies and data in order to make decision-making more effective with agility and self-sustainability. The complexity of data in the modern era and the silos that are generated at big scale drive the emergence of new data management models and architectures that focus on the intrinsic characteristics of digital ecosystems, characterized by the strong interrelationships of various actors through along the value chain, the platforms as the basis for interoperating with each other and the co-evolution of data products that emanate from increasingly heterogeneous sources. This article proposes the design of a reference architecture for data ecosystems based on the data architectures that are best supporting data management in this complex scenario: Data Mesh and Data Fabric, and with the use of knowledge graphs for the integration. As a method, an analysis of the most recent literature on data management and architectures is used to extract the principles and architectural components that are used in the design of such a reference architecture. An abstract representation of the reference architecture of data ecosystems is obtained, whose operational model is theoretically verified. It is the starting point for future research that will be directed towards its implementation in real use cases and organizational modeling related to the roles of the actors involved in the ecosystem reflected in the architecture itself.La transformación digital exige cambios acelerados y profundos para aprovechar las tecnologías y los datos en función de hacer más eficaz la toma de decisiones con agilidad y autosostenibilidad. La complejidad de los datos en la era moderna y los silos que se generan a gran escala impulsan la emergencia de nuevos modelos y arquitecturas de gestión de datos que se enfocan a las características intrínsecas de los ecosistemas digitales, caracterizados por las fuertes interrelaciones de diversos actores a lo largo de la cadena de valor, las plataformas como base para interoperar entre ellos y la coevolución de los productos de datos que emanan de fuentes cada vez más heterogéneas. Este artículo propone el diseño de una arquitectura de referencia de ecosistemas de datos basada en las arquitecturas de datos que mejor están soportando la gestión de datos en este complejo escenario: Data Mesh y Data Fabric, y con el empleo de grafos de conocimiento para la integración. Como método se emplea un análisis de la literatura más reciente sobre gestión y arquitecturas de datos para extraer los principios y componentes arquitectónicos que se emplean en el diseño de tal arquitectura de referencia. Se obtiene una representación abstracta de arquitectura de referencia de ecosistemas de datos, cuyo modelo operacional se verifica teóricamente. La misma es el punto de partida de futuras investigaciones que se encaminarán hacia su implementación en casos de uso reales y el modelado organizacional relativo a los roles de los actores que se involucran en el ecosistema reflejado en la propia arquitectura

Recomendaciones para mejorar el nivel de preparación para la industria 4.0 en Mongolia

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, also called Industry 4.0, is characterized by the presence of cyber-physical systems that allow the hybridization of the physical world with the digital one. This process is deeply permeating all sectors of society, government organizations, the business sector and citizens. However, harnessing the advanced digital production technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution remains extremely concentrated in a few economies. In the case of Mongolia, the percentage of products manufactured by high-tech companies is very low, and the rate of adoption of this new paradigm is quite slow. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate at the macro level the preparation conditions that the Mongolian nation has to adopt Industry 4.0. In this article, studies that include dimensions of Mongolia's readiness for Industry 4.0 are analyzed, in particular the assessment provided by the GRAMI4.0 model, complemented with some additional specific indicators. Comparisons are made with other countries in the Asian region to establish the position of the country under study with respect to its neighbors. The results of the evaluation made it possible to outline a SWOT matrix and propose general recommendations with the intention of increasing the awareness of government institutions that are leading the electronic transition and industrialization processes, to favorably contribute to the adoption of Industry 4.0 in a more growth in the Mongolian economy.La Cuarta Revolución Industrial, también llamada Industria 4.0, se caracteriza por la presencia de sistemas ciberfísicos que permiten la hibridación del mundo físico con el digital. Este proceso está calando profundamente en todos los sectores de la sociedad, las organizaciones gubernamentales, el sector empresarial y los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, el aprovechamiento de las tecnologías digitales avanzadas de producción de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial sigue estando extremadamente concentrado en unas pocas economías. En el caso de Mongolia, el porciento de productos fabricados por empresas de alta tecnología es muy bajo, y el ritmo de adopción de este nuevo paradigma es bastante lento. Por eso se hace necesario evaluar a nivel macro las condiciones de preparación que tiene la nación mongola para adoptar la Industria 4.0. En este artículo se analizan estudios que incluyen dimensiones de alistamiento de Mongolia para la Industria 4.0, en particular la evaluación proporcionada por el modelo GRAMI4.0, complementado con algunos indicadores específicos adicionales. Se hacen comparaciones con otros países de la región asiática para establecer la posición que ocupa el país objeto de estudio respecto a sus vecinos. Los resultados de la evaluación permitieron esbozar una matriz DAFO y proponer recomendaciones generales con la intención de incrementar la conciencia de las instituciones gubernamentales que están liderando los procesos de transición electrónica y de industrialización, para contribuir favorablemente en la adopción de la Industria 4.0 de forma más acelerada en la economía de Mongolia

Mapping and the Citizen Sensor

Maps are a fundamental resource in a diverse array of applications ranging from everyday activities, such as route planning through the legal demarcation of space to scientific studies, such as those seeking to understand biodiversity and inform the design of nature reserves for species conservation. For a map to have value, it should provide an accurate and timely representation of the phenomenon depicted and this can be a challenge in a dynamic world. Fortunately, mapping activities have benefitted greatly from recent advances in geoinformation technologies. Satellite remote sensing, for example, now offers unparalleled data acquisition and authoritative mapping agencies have developed systems for the routine production of maps in accordance with strict standards. Until recently, much mapping activity was in the exclusive realm of authoritative agencies but technological development has also allowed the rise of the amateur mapping community. The proliferation of inexpensive and highly mobile and location aware devices together with Web 2.0 technology have fostered the emergence of the citizen as a source of data. Mapping presently benefits from vast amounts of spatial data as well as people able to provide observations of geographic phenomena, which can inform map production, revision and evaluation. The great potential of these developments is, however, often limited by concerns. The latter span issues from the nature of the citizens through the way data are collected and shared to the quality and trustworthiness of the data. This book reports on some of the key issues connected with the use of citizen sensors in mapping. It arises from a European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which explored issues linked to topics ranging from citizen motivation, data acquisition, data quality and the use of citizen derived data in the production of maps that rival, and sometimes surpass, maps arising from authoritative agencies

Mapping and the citizen sensor

Maps are a fundamental resource in a diverse array of applications ranging from everyday activities, such as route planning through the legal demarcation of space to scientific studies, such as those seeking to understand biodiversity and inform the design of nature reserves for species conservation. For a map to have value, it should provide an accurate and timely representation of the phenomenon depicted and this can be a challenge in a dynamic world. Fortunately, mapping activities have benefitted greatly from recent advances in geoinformation technologies. Satellite remote sensing, for example, now offers unparalleled data acquisition and authoritative mapping agencies have developed systems for the routine production of maps in accordance with strict standards. Until recently, much mapping activity was in the exclusive realm of authoritative agencies but technological development has also allowed the rise of the amateur mapping community. The proliferation of inexpensive and highly mobile and location aware devices together with Web 2.0 technology have fostered the emergence of the citizen as a source of data. Mapping presently benefits from vast amounts of spatial data as well as people able to provide observations of geographic phenomena, which can inform map production, revision and evaluation. The great potential of these developments is, however, often limited by concerns. The latter span issues from the nature of the citizens through the way data are collected and shared to the quality and trustworthiness of the data. This book reports on some of the key issues connected with the use of citizen sensors in mapping. It arises from a European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which explored issues linked to topics ranging from citizen motivation, data acquisition, data quality and the use of citizen derived data in the production of maps that rival, and sometimes surpass, maps arising from authoritative agencies