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Role satisfaction: Grandparents raising grandchildren
Three psychosocial dynamics were assessed for their effect on role satisfaction among grandchildren: (1) the impact of expanding a household on a limited fixed income, (2) health issues of the grandparent as they apply to stamina, and (3) the interaction with their existing social structure to include grandchildren (adjustments, prioritizing, and social isolation). Sampling included a population of 33 custodial grandparents (age=55 and older; male and female; various ethnicities) and selected from a Grandparents Raising Grandchildren support group in Idyllwild, California. The instrument of this quantitative and qualitative study was an adaptation from the County of Riverside, Department of Mental Health, Children\u27s Department Personal Satisfaction Survey. Survey answers were based on a Likert scale model. Responses from the surveys indicated that the custodial grandparents are satisfied with their roles. However, there are sufficient data to suggest there is a need to increase quality of life and custodial role satisfaction
Kinematics and helicity evolution of a loop-like eruptive prominence
We aim at investigating the morphology, kinematic and helicity evolution of a
loop-like prominence during its eruption. We use multi-instrument observations
from AIA/SDO, EUVI/STEREO and LASCO/SoHO. The kinematic, morphological,
geometrical, and helicity evolution of a loop-like eruptive prominence are
studied in the context of the magnetic flux rope model of solar prominences.
The prominence eruption evolved as a height expanding twisted loop with both
legs anchored in the chromosphere of a plage area. The eruption process
consists of a prominence activation, acceleration, and a phase of constant
velocity. The prominence body was composed of left-hand (counter-clockwise)
twisted threads around the main prominence axis. The twist during the eruption
was estimated at 6pi (3 turns). The prominence reached a maximum height of 526
Mm before contracting to its primary location and partially reformed in the
same place two days after the eruption. This ejection, however, triggered a CME
seen in LASCO C2. The prominence was located in the northern periphery of the
CME magnetic field configuration and, therefore, the background magnetic field
was asymmetric with respect to the filament position. The physical conditions
of the falling plasma blobs were analysed with respect to the prominence
kinematics. The same sign of the prominence body twist and writhe, as well as
the amount of twisting above the critical value of 2pi after the activation
phase indicate that possibly conditions for kink instability were present. No
signature of magnetic reconnection was observed anywhere in the prominence body
and its surroundings. The filament/prominence descent following the eruption
and its partial reformation at the same place two days later suggest a confined
type of eruption. The asymmetric background magnetic field possibly played an
important role in the failed eruption.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, in press in A&
Ionization toward the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334 I
Context. Ionization plays a central role in the gas-phase chemistry of
molecular clouds. Since ions are coupled with magnetic fields, which can in
turn counteract gravitational collapse, it is of paramount importance to
measure their abundance in star-forming regions. Aims. We use spectral line
observations of the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334 I to derive the
abundance of two of the most abundant molecular ions, HCO+ and N2H+, and
consequently, the cosmic ray ionization rate. In addition, the line profiles
provide information about the kinematics of this region. Methods. We present
high-resolution spectral line observations conducted with the HIFI instrument
on board the Herschel Space Observatory of the rotational transitions with Jup
> 5 of the molecular species C17O, C18O, HCO+, H13CO+, and N2H+. Results. The
HCO+ and N2H+ line profiles display a redshifted asymmetry consistent with a
region of expanding gas. We identify two emission components in the spectra,
each with a different excitation, associated with the envelope of NGC 6334 I.
The physical parameters obtained for the envelope are in agreement with
previous models of the radial structure of NGC 6334 I based on submillimeter
continuum observations. Based on our new Herschel/HIFI observations, combined
with the predictions from a chemical model, we derive a cosmic ray ionization
rate that is an order of magnitude higher than the canonical value of 10^(-17)
s-1. Conclusions. We find evidence of an expansion of the envelope surrounding
the hot core of NGC 6334 I, which is mainly driven by thermal pressure from the
hot ionized gas in the region. The ionization rate seems to be dominated by
cosmic rays originating from outside the source, although X-ray emission from
the NGC 6334 I core could contribute to the ionization in the inner part of the
envelope.Comment: This paper contains a total of 10 figures and 3 table
Are constant loop widths an artifact of the background and the spatial resolution?
We study the effect of the coronal background in the determination of the
diameter of EUV loops, and we analyze the suitability of the procedure followed
in a previous paper (L\'opez Fuentes, Klimchuk & D\'emoulin 2006) for
characterizing their expansion properties. For the analysis we create different
synthetic loops and we place them on real backgrounds from data obtained with
the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (\textit{TRACE}). We apply to these
loops the same procedure followed in our previous works, and we compare the
results with real loop observations. We demonstrate that the procedure allows
us to distinguish constant width loops from loops that expand appreciably with
height, as predicted by simple force-free field models. This holds even for
loops near the resolution limit. The procedure can easily determine when loops
are below resolution limit and therefore not reliably measured. We find that
small-scale variations in the measured loop width are likely due to
imperfections in the background subtraction. The greatest errors occur in
especially narrow loops and in places where the background is especially bright
relative to the loop. We stress, however, that these effects do not impact the
ability to measure large-scale variations. The result that observed loops do
not expand systematically with height is robust.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
The primary legal role of the United Nations on international Tax Cooperation and Global Tax Governance: Going on a new International Organization on Global Tax Cooperation and Governance under the UN 'Family'
This study will prove useful in expanding our understanding of the United Nations as the body with capacity, suitability, and competence to assume the role of governing and carrying out a global design of the Global Tax Governance architecture, as well as s well as to establish the bases, principles and areas of international tax cooperation. Public International Law rules and general "Principles and Purposes" of the Global Legal Order have been extrapolated to international tax law to achieve this conclusion. Furthermore, we propose the creation of an international organization on International Fiscal Cooperation and Global Fiscal Governance within the UN family itself. International tax cooperation is a crucial instrument to enhance domestic public resources and to avoid international tax fraud fighting against the flow of illicit capital, as stated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, in accordance with the provisions of the 2030 Agenda of United Nations, Monterrey Consensus and Doha Declaration. Nowadays, after the covid-19 pandemic, it is an unquestionable necessity
Analisis Rencana Elektronifikasi Keuangan Daerah dalam Memperluas Kontribusi Zakat dengan Pendekatan Fishbone Diagram Analysis
This study aims to identify the root cause in planning of the implementation digital transformation of local government financial transactions to expand the role of zakat. This study modify the element of zakat as an instrument in regional fiscal financial policy. Government policies that impose restrictions on social interaction among the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak have convinced people to switch to the trend of digital transactions. The electronification activity for each transaction is one of the government's strategies in achieving the financial inclusion level target in 2024 of 90%. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis using the Fishbone Diagram Analysis method with the 4M approach, there are Method, Manpower, Material, and Machine. Based on the analysis and mapping of the problems, it is concluded that there are still areas that need to be strengthened the plan of the regional government financial transaction electronification program in expanding the contribution of zakat, there are in the areas of government’s policy and regulation, human resources, infrastructure as well as synergy and coordination
The magnetic field in the Flame nebula
Star formation is essential in galaxy evolution and the cycling of matter.
The support of interstellar clouds against gravitational collapse by magnetic
(B-) fields has been proposed to explain the low observed star formation
efficiency in galaxies and the Milky Way. Despite the Planck satellite
providing a 5-15' all-sky map of the B-field geometry in the diffuse
interstellar medium, higher spatial resolution observations are required to
understand the transition from diffuse gas to gravitationally unstable
filaments. NGC 2024, the Flame Nebula, in the nearby Orion B molecular cloud,
contains a young, expanding HII region and a dense filament that harbors
embedded protostellar objects. Therefore, NGC 2024 is an excellent opportunity
to study the role of B-fields in the formation, evolution, and collapse of
filaments, as well as the dynamics and effects of young HII regions on the
surrounding molecular gas. We combine new 154 and 216 micron dust polarization
measurements carried out using the HAWC+ instrument aboard SOFIA with molecular
line observations of 12CN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) from the IRAM 30-meter telescope
to determine the B-field geometry and to estimate the plane of the sky magnetic
field strength across the NGC 2024. The HAWC+ observations show an ordered
B-field geometry in NGC 2024 that follows the morphology of the expanding HII
region and the direction of the main filament. The derived plane of the sky
B-field strength is moderate, ranging from 30 to 80 micro G. The strongest
B-field is found at the northern-west edge of the HII region, characterized by
the highest gas densities and molecular line widths. In contrast, the weakest
field is found toward the filament in NGC 2024. The B-field has a
non-negligible influence on the gas stability at the edges of the expanding HII
shell (gas impacted by the stellar feedback) and the filament (site of the
current star formation).Comment: 36 pages, 26 figures Accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Gamma-ray signatures of classical novae
The role of classical novae as potential gamma-ray emitters is reviewed, on
the basis of theoretical models of the gamma-ray emission from different nova
types. The interpretation of the up to now negative results of the gamma-ray
observations of novae, as well as the prospects for detectability with future
instruments (specially onboard INTEGRAL) are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Invited talk at the "Gamma 2001" Symposium,
April 4-6, 2001, Baltimore, Maryland. To be published by AI
Expanding e-MERLIN with the Goonhilly Earth Station
A consortium of universities has recently been formed with the goal of using
the decommissioned telecommunications infrastructure at the Goonhilly Earth
Station in Cornwall, UK, for astronomical purposes. One particular goal is the
introduction of one or more of the ~30-metre parabolic antennas into the
existing e-MERLIN radio interferometer. This article introduces this scheme and
presents some simulations which quantify the improvements that would be brought
to the e-MERLIN system. These include an approximate doubling of the spatial
resolution of the array, an increase in its N-S extent with strong implications
for imaging the most well-studied equatorial fields, accessible to ESO
facilities including ALMA. It also increases the overlap between the e-MERLIN
array and the European VLBI Network. We also discuss briefly some niche science
areas in which an e-MERLIN array which included a receptor at Goonhilly would
be potentially world-leading, in addition to enhancing the existing potential
of e-MERLIN in its role as a Square Kilometer Array pathfinder instrument.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Astronomy with
megastructures: Joint science with the E-ELT and SKA", 10-14 May 2010, Crete,
Greece (Eds: Isobel Hook, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Steve Rawlings and Aris
Karastergiou
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