Exploring Gördes zeolite sites by feature oriented principle component analysis of LANDSAT images

Recent studies showed that remote sensing is an effective, efficient and reliable technique used in almost all the areas of earth sciences. Remote sensing as being a technique started with aerial photographs and then developed employing the multi-spectral satellite images. Nowadays, it benefits from hyper-spectral, RADAR and LIDAR data as well. This potential has widen its applicability in the various areas and professional disciplines much more efficiently as never been before. One of the areas that remote sensing has been applied well and has become one of the indispensable tools for the earth science’s scientists are geologic and mineral exploration studies and especially prospection stages of these studies. In this research, it was tried to determine and to map zeolite sites in Gördes region (Turkey) which were formed as alteration products having high level of water content and developed in volcanic rock beds by the help of remote sensing and GIS. The study area is about 400 km2 and located at the NorthEast of Manisa Province. The results confirmed that the zeolite areas obtained by classical exploration techniques can be determined using remote sensing techniques such as feature oriented principal component analysis. Other zeolite areas in the same scene were also determined or at least predicted by this computer learning process through the same remote sensing image analyses

ANALISIS KECUKUPAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) KOTA BATAM

Batam City is an industrial city and has a total area of 1,570.35 km2 with a land area of 715 km2. Following the economic development and increasing population, the green open space in Batam City is decreasing. The purpose of this research was to analyze the adequacy of Batam’s green open space based on the criteria of Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning and Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines and Utilization of Green Open Space. This research was conducted with a spatial analysis method based on land cover information from the interpretation of Landsat 8 OLI image recording on 05-06-2018. Based on the results showed that Batam’s green open space is still 221.400 ha or 32.05% from land area. It means, Batam City’s open space is still sufficient at least 30% according to Law No. 26 of 2007 and Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008. The largest type of land cover in green open space is secondary dry land forest, covering 79.200 ha (11.45%). Keyword : Batam City, analysis, green open space

Paper Session I-B - Young NASA Personnel Performing Hands-on Operations on Flight Hardware - A History of Experiment Integration

In the early 1980’s, NASA was preparing to launch the first Space Shuttle to begin a new era in USA Spaceflight. At the same time new hardware called “Payloads”, that would be taken into space aboard the Shuttle, were being developed. These Payloads contained a multitude of science experiments from all over the world. Many would be contained in a laboratory called Spacelab , which was being developed by NASA and the European Space Agency. How would these Payloads be prepared for launch? A concept of allowing NASA personnel to perform the job, that normally a contractor would perform, was reintroduced. Instead of overseeing a contractor, NASA would perform the engineering function him/herself and get his/her own hands dirty. So was created the “Level IV – Experiment Integration” organization at Kennedy Space Center. Many young NASA personnel, most of them right out of college, would be responsible for preparing domestic and foreign multi-million-dollar experiments for space flight. This paper tells the story of that unique group, how it was a major player in the success of the Spacelab and Science programs, where some of those people are today, and how knowledge gained by that group of people is being used for current & future space flight activities

Bio-Optical Environmental Assessments of Marginal Seas - Progress Report2

Algal blooms in the Mediterranean Sea have been studied by means of SeaWiFS derived (1998-2003) data on chlorophyll-like pigment concentration. Statistics of blooming anomalies, as well as comparisons with analogous data collected in situ, were used to address the relationship between local and regional phytoplankton dynamics, in both the (mesotrophic, sometimes eutrophic) western basin and the (oligotrophic) eastern basin. Intense (coastal) blooming appeared to be linked to local factors, and only occasionally affected by mesoscale features such as eddies or meanders, suggesting that the forcing functions of local (harmful) algal blooms and regional blooms are different, or overlap only marginally.JRC.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resource

Earth observation to investigate occurrence, characteristics and changes of glaciers, glacial lakes and rock glaciers in Poiqu River Basin (Central Himalaya)

This research has been supported by the Dragon 4 program funded by ESA (4000121469/17/I-NB), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nos. IZLCZ2_169979/1 and 200021E_177652/1) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDA20100300).Meltwater from the cryosphere contributes a significant fraction of the freshwater resources in the countries receiving water from the Third Pole. Within the ESA-MOST Dragon 4 project, we addressed in particular changes of glaciers and proglacial lakes and their interaction. In addition, we investigated rock glaciers in permafrost environments. Here, we focus on the detailed investigations which have been performed in the Poiqu River Basin, central Himalaya. We used in particular multi-temporal stereo satellite imagery, including high-resolution 1960/70s Corona and Hexagon spy images and contemporary Pleiades data. Sentinel-2 data was applied to assess the glacier flow. The results reveal that glacier mass loss continuously increased with a mass budget of −0.42 ± 0.11 m w.e.a−1 for the period 2004–2018. The mass loss has been primarily driven by an increase in summer temperature and is further accelerated by proglacial lakes, which have become abundant. The glacial lake area more than doubled between 1964 and 2017. The termini of glaciers that flow into lakes moved on average twice as fast as glaciers terminating on land, indicating that dynamical thinning plays an important role. Rock glaciers are abundant, covering approximately 21 km2, which was more than 10% of the glacier area (approximately 190 km2) in 2015. With ongoing glacier wastage, rock glaciers can become an increasingly important water resource.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Proportional Convolution Filters - An Alternative Technique For Non-distorted Image Enhancement

This paper introduces a new class of spatial filters, here coined the proportional convolution filters. These filters are constructed in such way that the values assigned to each kernel cell are weighted as a function of the trigonometric distance of the cells to the kernel centre. A set of high-pass and low-pass proportional filters were designed using a specially tailored algorithm and a Delphi-based code that allows producing multi-dimensional filters. These filters underwent a twofold test. Firstly, the filters were tested against an instructive digital image of a candle flame. This image was employed as it shows large and detailed variations in color tones (low frequencies) and an assortment of possible boundaries between tones (high frequencies). Secondly, the filters were applied to a Landsat-5 TM image containing a variety of landforms. Results showed the efficiency of the filters and the adequacy of an array of kernel sizes to enhance both tonal and edge variations in a digital image, demonstrating that the proportional filters can benefit numerous applications in several fields of Geosciences. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.3013139Blom, R.G., Daily, M., Radar Image-Processing for Rock-Type Discrimination (1982) IEEE Transactions On Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 20 (3), pp. 343-351Branco, F.C., (1998) Filtros De Convolução Passa Baixas No Realce Tonal De Imagens, p. 78. , M.Sc. Dissertation. Instituto de Geociências - USP. São Paulo, SP, BrazilCurran, P.J., (1985) Principles of Remote Sensing, p. 282. , Longman Group Limited, London, UKDrury, S.A., (2001) Image Interpretation In Geology, p. 296. , Blackwell Science, UK, 3rd editionHoldermann, F., Bohner, M., Bargel, B., Kazmierczak, H., Review of Automatic Image Processing (1978) Photogrammetria, 34, pp. 225-258Mather, P.M., (1999) Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images: An Introduction, p. 292. , John Wiley & Sons Inc., UKSouza, F.C.R., Drury, S.A., Denniss, A.M., Carlton, R.W.T., Rothery, D.A., Restoration of Corrupted Optical Fuyo-1 (JERS-1) Data Using Frequency Domain Techniques (1996) Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 62 (9), pp. 1037-1047Tao, L., Asari, V., An Integrated Neighborhood Dependent Approach for Nonlinear Enhancement of Color Images (2004) International Conference On Information Technology, Proceedings, 2, pp. 138-13

Structurally topological algorithm for star recognition and near-Earth space’ object detection

При решении ряда задач космической навигации возникает вопрос об определении параметров движения космического аппарата и элементов ориентирования целевой аппаратуры, установленной на борту, по получаемым координатам зарегистрированных изображений звёзд. При этом в поле зрения съёмочной системы могут попадать посторонние объекты, снижающие вероятность правильного распознавания: активные спутники, естественный и искусственный космический мусор. Отсюда возникает необходимость фильтрации изображений звёздного неба от подобных помех. Если же объектами распознавания являются находящиеся в околоземном пространстве тела, то в данном случае сами изображения звёзд выступают в роли помех. Кроме того, поскольку обнаружение и каталогизация этих объектов с Земли затрудняется их малыми размерами, влиянием атмосферы, а также другими техническими трудностями, целесообразно использовать уже имеющуюся аппаратуру на борту космических аппаратов для решения подобной задачи. В работе представлены существующие алгоритмы распознавания групп звёзд, а также их классификация. Предложен структурно-топологический подход идентификации групп небесных светил, основанный на свойствах огибающих многоугольников, используемых при построении топологических конфигураций звёзд. Описаны особенности при построении топологических конфигураций на анализируемом множестве точек, а также принципы обнаружения динамического космического объекта в их пределах. Показаны результаты численных экспериментов, выполненные с применением разработанного алгоритма на картах звёздного неба и модельных сценах.Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки РФ (№5.6680.2017/8.9)

Soil freezing in northern aapa mires:freeze/thaw -detection using portable L-band radiometer

Abstract. Seasonal soil freezing is one of the most significant sources of uncertainty in methane emissions from high latitude wetlands. Although soil freezing can be remotely sensed with current satellite-based instruments, the resolution is not high enough to detect small-scale variations within individual mires. In this study, a lightweight radiometer mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was tested for detecting the freeze/thaw (F/T) state of the soil in aapa mires in Finnish Lapland. The three main research questions were the suitability of the radiometer for high resolution F/T detection, the existence of possible spatial patterns in the timing of soil freezing, and the effects of environmental factors on these spatial patterns. As this was the first study to use a UAV-mounted radiometer for F/T detection, there was no established method for retrieving the F/T state of the soil from the measured brightness temperature values. In previous studies using satellite-based instruments, the F/T state of the soil is determined by a threshold method where the measured values are scaled pixel-wise between known reference values of thawed and frozen soils and classified based on a fixed threshold. This method was modified for use with UAV measurements. The performance of the radiometer was evaluated by comparing the measurement results with tower-based radiometer and in-situ measurements in the study area. Spatial patterns in the timing of soil freezing were investigated using analysis of variance and measures of spatial autocorrelation. The effects of environmental factors were investigated using generalized linear models (GLM), generalized additive models (GAM), and hierarchical partitioning with environmental variables derived from readily available remote sensing materials. The F/T state of the soil was successfully determined from the UAV measurements, and the results were comparable to those of other measurements in the study area. Variation in the spatial distribution of the timing of soil freezing was detected at the local scale. The soil appeared to freeze as a result of two separate major freezing events and was therefore modeled as a binary response variable. Both GLM and GAM showed that the most significant factors contributing to the spatial patterns were the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), the flark area and the standard deviation of the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). Hierarchical partitioning highlighted the individual effects of EVI. All detected relationships were strongly correlated with the microtopographic structure of the mire, suggesting that seasonal freezing progresses differently on different surface types

Impacts of Nitrogen Enrichment on Corals – A Remote Sensing Approach

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in ever-increasing threats to coral reefs globally, wherein the rate of environmental changes have exceeded the historical capacity of corals to adapt. This has threatened the persistence of coral ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services, which billions of people rely on for their livelihoods. The most prevalent stressor is nitrogen enrichment, which while present naturally, is exacerbated by the anthropogenic input of nutrients via the discharge of agricultural and urban waste waters. The focus is to answer the central research question of how nitrogen enrichment impacts corals, and how it interacts with other stressors with particular focus on the Caribbean Sea. Nitrogen enrichment directly impacts corals by promoting algae dominance of coral ecosystems, disrupting coral symbiotic relationships, increasing disease prevalence, and indirectly by creating hypoxic conditions and affecting coral calcification rates. The case study of the PNN Los Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo served to demonstrate the use of remote sensing for monitoring chlorophyl-a concentrations and sea surface temperatures, where these two water quality parameters were negatively correlated from 2003 to 2021. Promoting the use of these tools is of crucial importance in the Caribbean region, where many local communities lack accessible resources available for environmental management. It is evident that, in addition to reducing nitrogen enrichment events, managers need to implement coordinated management to reduce multiple environmental stressors that affects corals. Finally, it is necessary to provide education that allows local communities to not only identify the challenges that corals face but also the solutions moving forward