THERMAL MODIFICATION OF BAMBOO: EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Bamboo is one of the most abundant non-timber resources, flourishing globally across tropical and subtropical regions. Its increasing appeal lies in its environmental sustainability, robust mechanical properties, and high recyclability. Nonetheless, bamboo's inherent hydrophilicity presents significant challenges, particularly in achieving optimal compatibility for applications such as construction materials. Economic and environmentally friendly heat treatment techniques have emerged as pivotal strategies for improving bamboo's surface properties. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of varying thermal treatment conditions, including temperature, duration, and medium, on bamboo's structural characteristics

DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY FOR NATURE BASED SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ON KABAENA ISLAND: GOOGLE MAPS ANALYSIS APPROACH

Kabaena Island in Southeast Sulawesi has biodiversity, coastal landscapes, mountains and mineral content as the strength of sustainable development goals number 15 (SDGs 15). Currently, mining activities have had a negative impact on local communities in the economic, social, environmental, sanitation and health sectors due to natural degradation. This research aims to identify the tourism potential of Kabaena Island which can be promoted through digital strategies and design innovative digital marketing strategies to increase exposure of Kabaena Island tourism and support environmental sustainability. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method to collect data using Google Maps analysis. A previous literature review shows that there is still minimal discussion regarding biodiversity and mineral content on Kabaena Island, which discusses the development of tourism destinations. Kabaena Island tourism development requires collaboration between government, academics and local communities to create sustainable development based on SDGs. The focus includes mining governance, creative economy, conservation and education, with digital marketing via Google Maps, destination branding and social media content. Collaboration with travel agents and business partners will support the local economy. Seminars or dissemination on sustainable development are important to strengthen governance and policies that support the community and preserve the environment

OPTIMIZING EUCALYPTUS PELLITA SEEDLING GROWTH THROUGH NPK FERTILIZER AND LIGHT INTENSITY REGULATION

Eucalyptus pellita is a type of fast-growing plant (fast-growing species). The advantage of this plant is that it is a short rotation or fast-growing plant, with fewer disease attacks. The benefits of the plant are quite numerous and it has high economic value. Considering that the optimal light intensity for eucalyptus seedling growth is not yet known, it is necessary to test the effects of various light intensities using shade in the form of paranet. This research was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a split-plot experimental pattern consisting of 4 treatment levels. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, The results of the study on the effect of NPK fertilizer and light intensity on the growth of eucalyptus seedlings indicate that the interaction of 5g NPK fertilizer per seedling and 100% light intensity is a better treatment compared to other treatments. This is suspected because eucalyptus is a plant that requires sufficient light intensity to experience the growth of eucalyptus seedlings. The growth of eucalyptus seedlings is influenced by light intensity, which supports the increase in height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the treatment with NPK fertilizer and light intensity has a significant effect on increasing stem diameter. In the treatment P2C0, which is NPK fertilizer 7g/seedling and light intensity 100%, there is no significant difference compared to treatments P1C0 and P3C0, which are NPK fertilizers 5g and 9g/seedling at 100% light intensity

THE FEASIBILITY OF THE CUKU NYINYI MANGROVE FOREST TOURIST ATTRACTION OBJECT IN SIDODADI VILLAGE, PESAWARAN DISTRICT

The feasibility of tourist attractions in mangrove forests can create good economic opportunities, increase regional income and expand employment opportunities for surrounding residents. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of tourist attractions in the Cuku Nyinyi Mangrove Forest. Data collection is in the form of a survey by distributing questionnaires to tourists. Data analysis uses a scoring method based on the Guidelines for Analysis of Operational Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions of the Directorate General of PHKA in 2003. The results of the study showed that the attraction received a feasibility index of 78%, accessibility 86%, amenities 75% and additional services 85% so that the overall average is 81% which is included in the category of feasible to be developed. The level of feasibility of the four components shows that it is feasible to be developed, but there are still some shortcomings that need to be further developed in each component

MODELING OF LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE CORE ZONE OF THE LORE LINDU BIOSPHERE RESERVE USING GIS

Landslide is a very dangerous natural disaster and often occurs in many hilly or mountainous areas, it often occurs without warning and causes loss of life and property, marked by the displacement of slope-forming material in the form of rocks, soil, or material down the slope. This study aims to model landslide-prone areas in the core zone of the Lore Lindu biosphere reserve in Central Sulawesi Province using the overlay method with a score between 6 parameters. The research parameters included land cover/use, rainfall, elevation, slope, soil type, and lithology. The weighting analysis produces three variables that determine the level of landslide vulnerability: slope, land use, and rainfall. The results showed that the level of vulnerability to landslides in the study area was divided into 4 classes, namely 17.482,15 ha (8,10%) non-prone areas, 98.372,96 ha (45,60%) low vulnerability areas, 98.032,51 ha (45,45%). moderate hazard area, and 1.832,04 ha (0,85%) high hazard area. In high vulnerability zones small or large-scale landslides often occur due to high rainfall and steep to very steep slopes, the rock forms in the form of sediment. Vegetation conditions are generally lacking. The areas included in this class are the villages of Bulili, Lawua, Sedoa, Katu, and Karunia

WORKING TIME, PRODUCTIVITY, AND COSTS OF MANUAL WOOD EXTRACTION IN PRIVATE FORESTS

Wood extraction using human power is a popular wood extraction technique in private forest harvesting in Indonesia. The method is used for transporting short logs over a short distance in flat or steep areas, which do not have adequate transport roads. The study aimed to analyze time consumption, productivity, and costs of wood extraction using human power in private forests. The study was conducted in a private forest in Probolinggo, East Java. The study was carried out in two cutting blocks. The first cutting block was 50 m from the landing, while the second was 250 m. The data collected included working time, productivity, and costs of wood extraction using human power. Working time data were obtained through video analysis, diameter, and tree height data were collected through direct measurements in the field, and cost data was obtained through direct measurements and interviews. Work time analysis was carried out for 73 cycles for cutting block 1 and 57 cycles for cutting block 2. The results showed that the workers spent most of their time on loaded trips, followed by empty travel, and for personal purposes. The lowest working time was placing and arranging the wood at the landing. The average wood extraction time per cycle was 4.49 minutes for a skidding distance of 50 m and 16.30 minutes for a skidding distance of 250 m. The results showed that the productivity of wood extraction using human power varied from 0.45 to 1.75 m3/hour. The cost of wood extraction using human power in private forests was IDR. 13.33/m3 for a skid distance of 50 m and IDR 51.85/m3 for a skidding distance of 250

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND COVER CHANGES AND THE SURFACE AREA OF LAKE RANAU

Ranau Lake is one of Indonesia's 30 national priority lakes facing pressures from climate change and human activities, negatively impacting its water quality and ecosystem. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the catchment area, measure the changes in the lake's surface area, and examine the relationship between land cover changes and Ranau Lake's surface area from 2016–2022. The data includes Sentinel-1A IW GRDH imagery, ESRI land cover maps, and Google Earth images. The analysis employed Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification, spatial analysis, and linear regression. The results reveal that water bodies, vegetation, and built-up land categories experienced an increase of 36.78 hectares, 33.96 hectares, and 9.1 hectares, respectively, while bare land decreased by 80.03 hectares. Ranau Lake's surface area increased by 28.3 hectares, showing a significant relationship between land cover changes in water bodies (R² = 99.88%), bare land (R² = 94.92%), vegetation (R² = 66.06%), and built-up land (R² = 56.85%) and the lake's surface area. These findings highlight the critical role of land cover changes in influencing the dynamics of lake surface area, an essential indicator of ecosystem health. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable land cover management in supporting Ranau Lake's conservation. Continuous use of SAR-based remote sensing technology is recommended for land cover monitoring, enabling data-driven decision-making in water resource management

CORRELATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LAND CONSERVATION-BASED AGROFORESTRY: A CASE STUDY IN TANJUNG AGUNG VILLAGE, LAMPUNG

The conversion of forest land to agriculture has affected the ecosystem in the upstream area of Way Betung Watershed, including Tanjung Agung Village. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, community participation, and agroforestry land conservation. The study was conducted on 30 respondents using a structured questionnaire, the results of which were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the level of community knowledge was in the moderate category (mean score 2.3), while the level of participation was high (mean score 3.7). The level of agroforestry land conservation was recorded in the moderate to high category (mean score 3.3). Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge and community participation (ρ = 0.414, p = 0.023) with sufficient closeness, but no significant relationship was found between knowledge and land conservation (ρ = 0.219, p = 0.245) or participation and land conservation (ρ = 0.291, p = 0.119). This study highlights that increasing community participation has great potential to support the success of agroforestry conservation, although the contribution of knowledge needs to be strengthened. The novelty of this research lies in the in-depth analysis of the level of relationship between social variables in supporting agroforestry-based conservation in the strategic upstream area of the Way Betung Watershed

IDENTIFICATION OF BAMBOO TYPES (Bambusoideae) IN PONTIANAK CITY

Pontianak City is one of the major cities in West Kalimantan and has high biodiversity, one is the bamboo plant which has important ecological and economic values. This study aims to identify bamboo and determine the distribution of bamboo in the East Pontianak sub-district. The methods used in this study include field surveys and sample collection in various locations in Pontianak City, as well as morphological and taxonomic identification in the laboratory Results Distribution and Identification of Bamboo Species (Bambusoideae) In East Pontianak District there are three bamboo genera namely Schizostachyum, Bambusa and Thyrsostachys with five types of bamboo with a total of 137 growing points or clumps, including, Schizostachyum brachycladum var "yellow" 6 clumps, Bambusa vulgaris var. Vulgaris 23 clumps, Bambusa vulgaris var. sriata 15 clumps, Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble 72 clumps, and Bambusa multiplex 21 clumps. The types of bamboo that grow in the East Pontianak area grow at an altitude of 1.35 - 2.1m above sea level with an air humidity of 83 - 91%, soil pH of 4.9 - 6.2%, and temperature of 28 - 32°C

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION BASED ON SAWDUST

The sawmill industry produces sawdust waste that is still not utilized optimally. Currently, the processing of wood waste in the form of sawdust is still carried out in an inappropriate way such as disposal into rivers and incineration, even though the waste has the potential to be used in various products of economic value such as oyster mushroom planting media. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to find out the percentage of sawdust waste that can be used and analyze the level of financial feasibility of developing an oyster mushroom cultivation business. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation with data analysis using percentage analysis and economic feasibility analysis using NPV, IRR, BCR, Payback Period, and sensitivity analysis criteria. The results showed that the percentage of sawdust waste utilization reached 89.60% (3,000 kg) of the total production, with details of 44.80% (1,500 kg) for oyster mushroom planting media, 29.90% (1,000 kg) for cowshed floor mats, and 14.90% (500 kg) for fertilizer. The analysis of the financial feasibility of the business is considered feasible to be developed, with an NPV of IDR 43,336,430, IRR of 49.6654%, BCR of 2.64, and a Payback Period of 2 years and 20 days. For this reason, efforts to utilize sawdust waste need to be increased