Farm Boundaries as Agroecological Systems

Agricultural boundaries as fence lines, hedgerows, tractor paths, stone walls, forest edges, or field breaks are historically and ecologically significant. In South-Central Pennsylvania where the author lives and works, pollinator conservation depends upon agricultural history

Going to ‘Pentecost’: how to study Pentecostalism – in Melanesia, for example

In this article, I question regional context as primary context in anthropological analyses. I argue that the idea of historical continuity in a geographical locality/region might prevent us from understanding not only radical change, but also more gradually emerging social patterns that connect the ethnography to very different kinds of histories and places. Concretely, I focus on the global Charismatic and Pentecostal movements, and as an experiment, I ask whether it is possible to go to ‘Pentecost’, instead of going to Melanesia. With ‘going to Pentecost’ as a heuristic device, I suggest it is possible to overcome methodological challenges in the study of global religious movements. In this article, I thus trace the practices and articulations of my interlocutors as part of a wider Pentecostal universe. I show how notions of seeing, borders, separations, and protection are crucial in ‘Pentecost’, and I connect this to key Christian ideas and values.publishedVersio

The origins of the Bamiléké hedgescape "bocage". Development from 1900 to 1960

This paper analyses the evolution of the Bamiléké bocage (hedgescape) between 1900 and 1960. The process was nonlinear and consisted in waves of extension and withdrawal resulting from farmers' innovations and foreign influences. We distinguish four time periods, which we feel correspond to evolutionary phases of the wooded landscapes: the arrival of the Europeans (1900-1915), the period from European pacification to the liberalisation of the coffee trade (1915 to 1945), the period of liberalised coffee trade (1945 to 1960), and the period of havoc at the time of independence (around 1960). At the beginning of the 20th century, clusters of hedgerows were all that remained in the mainly savannah landscape around settlements. Between 1915 and 1945, the hedgerow system quickly spread and dominated the landscape. The Bamiléké region appeared to have crossed a demographic threshold that required a more intense land development system with a more developed bocage. Coffee production, which was introduced by the French, provided the farmers with an alternative cash crop. The best lands were used to grow coffee, not to rear livestock, formerly the traditional source of income. The enclosure system was gradually abandoned, with hedges used mainly to delineate allocated lands and as a source of wood and non-wood forest products. After 1945, the system continued to expand in the colonised areas. But it later shrank in areas where conflict broke out in the early days of independence. It later again expanded, but sometimes in a modified form

Landscape Planning for Farm and Home

This circular provides information to help South Dakotans make their homes more beautiful and satisfying places to live, whether in town or in the country. The principles of landscape planning, guidelines for the orientation of the home and grounds, and plant materials and their care are included

‘Suburban Ideals on England’s Interwar Council Estates’

This paper looks at how the suburban ideals that were articulated and promoted by interwar politicians and the popular press were interpreted and played out on England’s council estates. Focusing upon the domestic garden, it looks at how tenants tried to overcome material and cultural obstacles in their efforts to live up to these standards. Evidence is taken from a range of written, visual, and oral sources related to life on the Wythenshawe Estate, Manchester, and the Downham Estate, South-East London. Ultimately, this paper shows that, despite their best efforts, the residents of England’s interwar council estates were unable to achieve the much- publicised ‘suburban ideal.

Landscape Planning for Farm and Home

It is the purpose of this circular to provide information which will help South Dakotans make their homes more beautiful and more satisfying places to live. This applies to all homes whether they are located in the country or in town. The terms landscaping, home beautification and home grounds improvement are often used to describe this activity. Regardless of the term used, it means developing more beautiful and enjoyable surroundings in which to live.- A new concept in practical landscape planning suggests that the pLrn should first of all be practical and second it should add beauty to the home grounds. Such a plan hinges on three very important factors: * A neat grounds with the house, walks, drives and well cared for fences, in good repair. * An established, well-kept lawn. * The wise use and placement of shade trees, shrubs and flowers. In South Dakota, we have two types of home grounds. The first type includes home grounds where a number of plantings now exist. The second type have few or no plantings whatsoever

Residential landscaping (2010)

"New 12/10/2M.""Master Gardener.""This publication was edited by David Trinklein, Division of Plant Sciences, based on MU Extension publications G6901, Developing the Landscape Plan, and G6905, Landscaping Your Front Yard.

A model of the extent and distribution of woody linear features in rural Great Britain

Hedges and lines of trees (woody linear features) are important boundaries that connect and enclose habitats, buffer the effects of land management, and enhance biodiversity in increasingly impoverished landscapes. Despite their acknowledged importance in the wider countryside, they are usually not considered in models of landscape function due to their linear nature and the difficulties of acquiring relevant data about their character, extent, and location. We present a model which uses national datasets to describe the distribution of woody linear features along boundaries in Great Britain. The method can be applied for other boundary types and in other locations around the world across a range of spatial scales where different types of linear feature can be separated using characteristics such as height or width. Satellite-derived Land Cover Map 2007 (LCM2007) provided the spatial framework for locating linear features and was used to screen out areas unsuitable for their occurrence, that is, offshore, urban, and forest areas. Similarly, Ordnance Survey Land-Form PANORAMA®, a digital terrain model, was used to screen out where they do not occur. The presence of woody linear features on boundaries was modelled using attributes from a canopy height dataset obtained by subtracting a digital terrain map (DTM) from a digital surface model (DSM). The performance of the model was evaluated against existing woody linear feature data in Countryside Survey across a range of scales. The results indicate that, despite some underestimation, this simple approach may provide valuable information on the extents and locations of woody linear features in the countryside at both local and national scales