Preserving Privacy in Automotive Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

The automotive industry is moving towards a more connected ecosystem, with connectivity achieved through multiple wireless systems. However, in the pursuit of these technological advances and to quickly satisfy requirements imposed on manufacturers, the security of these systems is often an afterthought. It has been shown that systems in a standard new automobile that one would not expect to be vulnerable can be exploited for a variety of harmful effects. This thesis considers a seemingly benign, but government mandated, safety feature of modern vehicles; the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). Typical implementations have no security-oriented features, leaking data that can be used for reliable tracking by a determined attacker, and being completely open to spoofing attacks. This research investigates potential privacy concerns of TPMS, first by demonstrating the feasibility of both identifying vehicles and reconstructing their routes without prohibitive cost or expertise. Then, an ID obfuscating scheme is proposed, called TPMS Obfuscation through Rolling ID (TORI), to mitigate these privacy threats while remaining true to the design requirements of TPMS. Various conditions are tested using a modified traffic simulator, which validate the ability to reconstruct the identities of vehicles even from sparse detections

Aeronautical Engineering: A special bibliography with indexes, supplement 55

This bibliography lists 260 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in February 1975

Co-Creation of E-Services Enabled by the Digitalization of Physical Products

: With the advent of digitalization, e-services are now enabled by embedded digital technologies in physical products such as vehicles, elevators, construction equipment. In spite of numerous instances of e-services enabled by the digitalization of physical products, little research has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of co-creation of such e-services. This paper attempts to fill the gap by reporting from a three-year long research project with a vehicle manufacturing company. Using the translation phases from the Actor-Network theory (ANT) as a theoretical lens, this paper presents three propositions that characterize the co-creation of e-services enabled by the digitalization of physical products. The propositions highlight the role of physical products, establishment of trust and setting priorities about digitalization

Smartphone-based molecular sensing for advanced characterization of asphalt concrete materials

Pavement systems deteriorate with time due to the aging of materials, excessive use, overloading, climatic conditions, inadequate maintenance, and deficiencies in inspection methods. Proper evaluation of pavement conditions provides important decision-support to implement preventative rehabilitation. This study presents an innovative smartphone-based monitoring method for advanced characterization of asphalt concrete materials. The proposed method is based on deploying a pocket-sized near-infrared (NIR) molecular sensor that is fully integrated with smartphones. The NIR spectrometer illuminates a sample with a broad-spectrum of near-infrared light, which can be absorbed, transmitted, reflected, or scattered by the sample. The light intensity is measured as a function of wavelength before and after interacting with the sample. Thereafter, the diffuse reflectance, a combination of absorbance and scattering, caused by the sample is calculated. This portable smartphone-based NIR method is used to detect asphalt binders with various performance grading (PG) and aging levels. To this end, a number of binder samples are tested in a wavelength range of 740 to 1070 nm. The results indicate that asphalt binders with different grades and aging levels yield significantly different spectrums. These distinctive spectrums can be attributed to the variations of binder components such as saturate, asphaltenic, resin, and aromatic. Furthermore, the molecular sensor is successfully deployed to detect and classify asphalt mixtures fabricated with a various binder and recycled material types such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), ground tire rubber (SBS), engineered crumbed rubber (ECR), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). The proposed monitoring technology is not only a viable tool for asphalt material characterization but also a cost-effective platform capable of transforming the current physical and chemical methods for civil engineering material characterization.Includes bibliographical reference

3D-Move Simulation of TSDDs for Pavement Characterizations

State highway agencies (SHAs) spend billions of dollars each year on various transportation infrastructure assets to meet legislative, agency and public expectations. Recently, some organizations in the USA and Europe have developed devices that continuously measure pavement deflection and can reduce the cost associated for network-level pavement data collection. Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD), Rolling Wheel Deflectometer (RWD) and Euroconsult, Curviametro (CRV) are such devices that are being used around the world and were evaluated in this study. The proper incorporation of the measurements from these devices to network level pavement management system (PMS) applications requires appropriate, device-specific, analysis methodology. To assess the appropriateness of any proposed methodology, field evaluations in conjunction with analytical models to simulate the TSDDs measurements are required important steps. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) commissioned the evaluation of these devices at the MnROAD facility in September 2013. 3D-Move program that has the capability of modeling moving loads and the resulting dynamic pavement responses was used as an analytical tool in this study. Using a variety of independent pavement responses that included surface deflection bowls as well as horizontal strains at the bottom of the AC layers confirmed the ability of the 3D-Move model to simulate TSDD loading under realistic pavement conditions. Using the calibrated 3D-Move software, an analytical investigation was then undertaken to explore relationships between load-induced pavement structural-related response and the corresponding surface deflection basin related indices. A key element was the simulation of pavement deflections using the 3D-Move model with a focus on understanding the parameters that affect the TSDD measurements that included vehicle speed and loadings, and pavement layer properties (thicknesses and stiffnesses). This step enables the use of TSDDs in PMS applications. The outcome of this study facilitated use of TSDDs in network level pavement management system by categorizing pavements based only on AC thickness and then relating DSI200-300 (D200 - D300) and DSI300-900 (D300 – D900) to fatigue and rutting strain, respectively through appropriate equations. The study also provided some practical suggestions to improve the performance of TSDDs in PMS applications

Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields

Innovations in Road, Railway and Airfield Bearing Capacity – Volume 2 comprises the second part of contributions to the 11th International Conference on Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022). In anticipation of the event, it unveils state-of-the-art information and research on the latest policies, traffic loading measurements, in-situ measurements and condition surveys, functional testing, deflection measurement evaluation, structural performance prediction for pavements and tracks, new construction and rehabilitation design systems, frost affected areas, drainage and environmental effects, reinforcement, traditional and recycled materials, full scale testing and on case histories of road, railways and airfields. This edited work is intended for a global audience of road, railway and airfield engineers, researchers and consultants, as well as building and maintenance companies looking to further upgrade their practices in the field

Technology transfer: Transportation

The application of NASA derived technology in solving problems related to highways, railroads, and other rapid systems is described. Additional areas/are identified where space technology may be utilized to meet requirements related to waterways, law enforcement agencies, and the trucking and recreational vehicle industries