921 research outputs found

    Effect of the addition of essential fatty acid mixture to the drinking water of the heat stress broilers on adipokine (Apelin, BDNF) response, histopathologic findings in liver and intestines, and some blood parameters.

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    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adding an essential fatty acid mixture (EOM; Eucalyptus globulus Labill, thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon nardus, and Syzygium aromaticum) to the drinking water in the heat stress broilers on the adipokine (Apelin, BDNF) response, the histopathologic changes in liver and intestines, and some biochemical parameters. This study lasted for a total of 42 days, including the physical exercise period (7 days) and the fattening period (35 days). A total of 400 Ross 308 male broilers (1-d-old) were randomly divided into 8 groups (50 animals per group), each of which was exposed to various conditions of temperature (C: 22 C and SC: 36 C) and treatment dose (C, 250, 500 and 750 mL/1000 L). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups, each comprising 10 animals. In the stress-free groups, whereas the Apelin level linearly decreased, the BDNF level linearly increased. In histopathology, the liver tissue was found to be normal in all groups whereas the duodenum villi length was found to increase in the group of 750 mL/1000 L. No statistically significant difference was found between the stressed groups and the non-stressed groups in terms of VLDL, Glucose, Total bilirubin, ALT, and TG (p > .05). While Apelin level increased in the stressed groups, the BDNF level increased in the group of 250 mL/1000 L. In the histopathological examination, a small amount of coagulation necrosis was detected in hepatocyte, a diffuse hydropic degeneration was observed in hepatocytes, and finally a dilatation and hyperaemia were seen in sinusoid in the groups of EOM500 mL/1000 L and EOM-750 m/1000 L compared to the control group. Whereas there was no difference between the group of EOM-250 mL/1000 L and the control group in terms of duodenum villa length, there was a significant decrease in other groups (p < .00). In conclusion, this study showed that adding 250 mL/1000 L of EOM to the drinking water had a positive effect on the serum levels of Apelin and p-BDNF in the groups exposed to stress (p <.05)

    Green synthesis of chiral aromatic alcohols with Lactobacillus kefiri P2 as a novel biocatalyst

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    Biocatalytic reduction is a very important field of research in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, three different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains were evaluated for their bioreduction potential using acetophenone as a model substrate. Among these strains, Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain was determined as the best asymmetric reduction biocatalyst. Reaction optimization parameters such as reaction time, temperature, agitation speed and pH were systematically optimized using Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain and model substrate acetophenone. Under these optimized reaction conditions, secondary chiral alcohols were obtained by bioreduction of various prochiral ketones with results up to 99% enantiomeric excess. In addition, the steric and electronic effects of substituents on enantioselectivity and conversion were evaluated. It has been shown that Lactobacillus kefiri P2 biocatalyst was an effective catalyst for asymmetric reduction. This method provides an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of optically pure alcohols and an alternative approach to chemical catalysts

    TEMEL SOSYOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR VE EĞİTİM

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    Sosyoloji, temel olarak toplumu bir arada tutan unsurları, toplum-sal düzenin nasıl sağlandığını, toplumların geçirdikleri değişimleri, top-lumlar arasındaki farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri, toplumların ilerleyen za-man içerisinde karşılaşabilecekleri durumları vb. bilimsel olarak açıkla-maya çalışır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda toplum ile ilgilenen sosyologlar, farklı bakış açıları nedeniyle farklı yaklaşımlara sahiptirler. Yani bütün sosyologlar genel olarak aynı amaçlara yönelik çalışmalar yapsa da fark-lı bakış açılarına, yaklaşımlara sahiptir. Sosyoloji disiplinine bakıldığın-da sosyologların temel olarak üç faklı yaklaşım içerisinde bulundukları görülmektedir. Bunlar; yapısal-işlevselcilik, çatışmacı yaklaşım ve sem-bolik etkileşimciliktir. Bu farklı yaklaşımların toplumu anlamak açısın-dan belirli noktalarda büyük kolaylıklar sağladığı görülmektedir. Bura-dan hareketle sosyolojide yer alan bu üç yaklaşımın birbirlerini tamam-ladıklarını belirtmek gerekmektedir. Diğer taraftan yaklaşımlar arasında birbirleri ile çatışan fikirlerin de bulunduğu görülmektedir. İşte bu bölüm, sosyolojide yer alan üç ana yaklaşımı ve eğitim sosyolojisi açısından önemli görülen Eleştirel Pedagojiyi ele alarak bu yaklaşımların eğitim ile ilgili görüşlerine yer vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sayede eğitim sosyolojisi içerinde yer alan konuların kuramsal temel-lerinin anlaşılması hedeflenmektedir

    Türkiye’nin yaş sebze ve meyve ihracatını etkileyen faktörler: Bir çekim modeli analizi

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    Bu makale, çekim modelini kullanarak Türkiye'den yapılan taze meyve ve sebze ihracatının etkilendiği faktörleri incelemektedir. Türkiye'den en fazla taze meyve ve sebze ithal eden 10 ülke için (2007-2018) dönemini kapsayan yıllık zaman serisi verileri kullanılmıştır. Model tahmininde, klasik tahminciler yerine GMM EGLS tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, ithalatçı ülkelerin GSYİH’si Türkiye'nin meyve ve sebze ihracatını olumlu etkilerken, meyve ve sebzelerin dayanıklılığından kaynaklanan ulaşım koşullarındaki zorluklar nedeniyle Türkiye ile bu ülkeler arasındaki mesafeden olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda AB'ye üye bir devlet olmanın meyve ve sebze ihracatını olumsuz etkilediği, ithalatçı ülkenin toplam nüfusu içinde Müslüman nüfusun % 4’ten-fazla olmasının ise meyve ve sebze ihracatını olumlu etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuç helal gıda anlayışının dünyada arttığının bir göstergesi olabilir. Ayrıca, AB ülkelerindeki yüksek rekabet nedeniyle, Türkiye’nin bu ülkelere olan ihracatının da olumsuz etkilendiği sonucuna varılmıştır

    Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables: A Panoply of Potentialities to Be Exploited

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    Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) constitute vegetable extracts made from fruits and seeds of avocado and soybean oil. Characterized by its potent anti-inflammatory effects, this ASU mixture is recommended to act as an adjuvant treatment for osteoarthritic pain and slow-acting symptomatic treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis; autoimmune diseases; diffuse scleroderma and scleroderma-like states (e.g., morphea, sclerodactyly, scleroderma in bands). Besides, it was reported that it can improve the mood and quality of life of postmenopausal women in reducing menopause-related symptoms. This article aims to summarize the studies on biological effects of the avocado-soybean unsaponifiable, its chemical composition, pharmacotherapy as well as applications in auto-immune, osteoarticular and menopausal disorders. Finally, we will also discuss on its safety, toxicological and regulatory practices

    Effects of Lactobacillus Reuteri E81 Added into Rations of Chukar Partridges (Alectoris Chukar) Fed Under Heat Stress Conditions on Fattening Performance and Meat Quality

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    This study investigated the effects of the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri E81 (LRE) into rations of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) fed under heat stress (HS) conditions on fattening performance and meat quality. This study included 256 chukar partridges aged 1 day. The study comprised an adaptation period of 7 days and a fattening period of 35 days and included 8 different groups with 32 animals in each group. Each group was further divided into four subgroups with eight animals in each subgroup. At the end of the study, the best results in terms of fattening performance in the non-HS groups were obtained in the LRE 600 ppm group and in the HS groups, SLRE 200 ppm had the best effect on average live weight and average live weight increase, whereas SLRE 400 ppm had the best effect on FCR (p<0.05). The analysis of the samples collected from chukar partridges on day 21 showed that, there was no effect on the colour parameters and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in the LRE in the HS and non- HS groups, whereas the meat pH level decreased in the SLRE 400 ppm group (p<0.05). The analysis of the samples collected on day 42 showed that there was no effect on colour parameters in the HS and non-HS groups. TBARS level decreased at the dose of LRE 200 ppm in the non-HS group, and the meat pH level decreased in both HS and non-HS groups (p<0.05)

    Synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol using whole‐cell Lactobacillus paracasei biotransformation

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    Chromane, which has a fused cyclic structure, is a significant molecule that can be found in the structure of many important compounds. Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 was demonstrated as whole‐cell biocatalyst for the synthesis of (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol with immense enantioselectivity. The conditions of asymmetric reduction were optimized one factor by one factor using L paracasei BD101 to achieve enantiomerically pure product and complete conversion. Using these obtained optimization conditions, asymmetric reduction of 6‐chlorochroman‐4‐one was performed under environmentally friendly conditions; 6‐chlorochroman‐4‐one, having a fused cyclic structure as previously noted to be difficult to asymmetric reduction with biocatalysts, was enantiomerically reduced to (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol with an enantiomeric excess >99% on a high gram scale. This study is the first example in the literature for the enantiopure synthesis of (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol using a biocatalyst. Also notably, the optical purity of (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol obtained in this study through asymmetric bioreduction using whole‐cell biocatalyst is the highest value in the literature. In this study, (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol was produced on a gram scale by an easy, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method, which has shown the production of valuable chiral precursors for drug synthesis and other industrial applications. This study provides a convenient method for the production of (S)‐6‐chlorochroman‐4‐ol, which can meet the industrial green production demand of this chiral secondary alcohol

    Effect of probiotic supplementation on adipokine profile (visfatin, adiponectin and chemerin), intestinal (citrulline) and thyroid functions in Japanese quails subjected to heat stress

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    In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri E81 (LRE; 200, 400, 600 mg/kg) to the diets of Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress (HS) on serum adipokine (visfatin, adiponectin and chemerin), intestinal (citrulline) and thyroid hormone levels. On day 7 of the trial, the animals were assigned to 8 groups [Control temperature (CT): control (C, without LRE supplementation), LRE-200, LRE-400 and LRE-600 and HS: control (HSC), SLRE-200, SLRE-400 and SLRE-600], each composed of 56 animals of equal body weight. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups withg 14 animals per compartment. During the experiments, the temperature applied to the CT-groups C, LRE-200, LRE-400 and LRE-600 was 25°C and to the HS-groups HSC, SLRE-200, SLRE-400 and SLRE-600 was 37°C. At the end of the study (days 21 and 42), a dose-dependent decrease in citrulline, chemerin, adiponectin, and thyroid hormones and a dose-dependent increase in the visfatin hormone level (p < 0.01) due to LRE supplementation were observed in the HS and CT groups compared to its control. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg of LRE affected serum chemerin, adiponectin, T3, T4, TSH and visfatin levels in Japanese quail raised under heat stress (p < 0.001)

    Response of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera essential oil under heat stress c o n d i t i o n

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    The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of the dietary use of different doses of Moringa oleifera essential oil (MOEO) on performance parameters, internal organ weights and meat quality in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Heat Stress (HS). For this purpose, 320 male day-old quail chicks were used. Seven days of preliminary (physical exercise) and a 35-day fattening period were applied. The animals were divided into 8 groups, each including 40 animals according to temparature (C: 25 °C and SC: 37 °C) and dietary doses (C, 200, 400 and 600). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, each comprising 10 animals. The consequences of this study showed that, in the stress-free (HSF) groups, while all of the different doses of dietary MOEO positively affected growth performance, feed intake and feed efficiency, in the HS groups, similar positive effects were observed with the use of 200 ppm of dietary MOEO. While no effect was detected on internal organ weights on Days 21 and 42 in the HSF and HS groups, a dose-dependent increase was determined in the intestinal pH value on day 42 in the HS group (p < .05). Additionally, in the analysis of meat quality on the 21st and 42 days compared to the controls, no effect was observed on the meat colour parameters value and TBARS level in the HS and HSF groups. Based on the consequences of this study, it is considered that, MOEO could be used as an alternative product in poultry, at a dose of 200 ppm, to reduce the detrimental effects of HS

    Türkiye'de İşsizliğin Seçili Makroekonomik Göstergelerle Etkileşimi: SVAR Analizi.

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    Bu çalışmanın amacı 1996-2018 dönemi için Türkiye ekonomisi açısından özellikle de son dönemde önemli bir yere sahip olan işsizlik göstergesinin küreselleşmenin etkisiyle önem kazanan yabancı yatırım akımları ile olan etkileşimi, yatırımların finansmanında önemli bir yere sahip olan tasarruflar ile etkileşimi, yeni ekonomik düzende üzerinde önemle durulan Arge harcamaları ile etkileşimini incelemektir. SVAR modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada işsizlik oranı, doğrudan yabancı yatırım akımlarının gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla içerisindeki payı, Ar-ge harcamalarının gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla içerisindeki payı ve tasarrufların gayrisafi yurtiçi hâsıla içerisindeki payı yüzdelik olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular incelenen dönemde doğrudan yabancı yatırım akımlarının işsizlikte meydana gelen değişimlerin %50’sini açıkladığını, Ar-ge harcamalarının işsizlikte meydana gelen değişimlerin %28’ini açıkladığını, tasarrufların ise işsizlikte meydana gelen değişimlerin %13’ünü açıkladığını ortaya koymaktadır. İşsizlikte meydana gelen değişimlerin %9’u ise göstergenin kendi iç dinamiklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır
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