Some questions or responsibility in the Law 14/2014, of July 24, of Maritime Navigation

La Ley española de Navegación Marítima ha reformado ampliamente el Derecho marítimo español, regulando prácticamente todos los aspectos de la navegación, tanto públicos como privados. El presente trabajo aborda algunos supuestos de responsabilidad que pueden plantearse en el ámbito de la navegación marítima y que el legislador español ha recogido en esta Ley.The Spanish Law of Maritime Navigation has reformed widely the Spanish Maritime Law, regulating practically all the aspects of the navigation, both public and privates. This paper approaches some suppositions of responsibility that can appear in the maritime navigation and that the Spanish legislator has gathered in this Law

Algunas cuestiones de responsabilidad en la ley 14/2014, de 24 de julio, de navegación marítima

La Ley española de Navegación Marítima ha reformado ampliamente el Derecho marítimo español, regulando prácticamente todos los aspectos de la navegación, tanto públicos como privados. El presente trabajo aborda algunos supuestos de responsabilidad que pueden plantearse en el ámbito de la navegación marítima y que el legislador español ha recogido en esta LeyThe spanish Law of Maritime Navigation has reformed widely the spanish Maritime Law, regulatin practically all the aspects of the navigation, both public and privates. This paper approaches some suppositions of responsibility that can appear in the maritime navigation and that the spanish legislator has gathered in this Law

Suppression of piracy armed robbery against ships and maritime terrorism: global and regional perspectives

Safety of maritime navigation has been one of the major issues in the global arena for centuries. Despite the fact that piracy is one of the oldest international crimes. it recurs and seriously threatens the safety of international maritime navigation in present days. The suppression of maritime crimes should be regulated and implemented at both international and regional levels. In this book. entitled Suppression of Piracy, Armed Robbery Against Ships and Maritime Terrorism: Global and Regional Perspectives. The authors endeavour a rigorous effort to identify. examine and analyse the deficiencies or contemporary international law of the sea conventions. regional agreements and arrangements pertaining to the suppression of piracy. armed robbery against ships and maritime terrorism. The book offers numerous valuable suggestions for the improvements of the existing laws not only in ensuring the safety of maritime navigation all around the world but also in maintaining international peace and security. Policy makers, researchers. practitioners and students of international law, especially in the field of maritime security and national security. would certainly find this book as a useful guide. Readers would get insightful ideas on the suppression of piracy. armed robbery against ships and maritime terrorism without having to refer to several sources

Integrated Navigation System: Not a Sum of Its Parts

Similar to the evolutionary process for living organisms, marine navigation systems are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. Both by design and function, shipboard and shore-based navigation systems are no longer individual equipment components operating independently. Instead, the trend is toward integration, data fusion and synergy. One example of this are new Performance Standards being considered by IMO to achieve a “harmonized” presentation of all navigation-related information on the display of an integrated navigation system (INS). Unlike a dedicated display for ECDIS or radar, the new INS displays will be a task-oriented composite presentations that enable the mariner to configure the display for an operational situation by selecting specific chart, radar, radar plotting aids (ARPA) and AIS information that is required for the task-at-hand. This paper gives a brief overview of the trend toward the development of INS. In addition to a brief summary of IMO performance standards for navigation equipment/systems, specific mention is made about a BSH (Germany) report on the “Functional Scope and Model of INS.” A discussion is provided about the challenges of providing navigation safety information that goes beyond traditional boundaries of products and services. Currently, many agencies continue to produce individual products and services on a component basis. Hydrographic offices grapple with trying to provide multiple products and services for paper charts, raster navigational charts (RNCs) and electronic navigational charts (ENCs) while a same time, Coast Guard and Maritime Safety agencies focus on improving Aids-to-Navigation (AtoN), Vessel Traffic Services (VTS), AIS networks -- and more recently, port security. In some respects, the continued concentration on separate products and services represents an organizational reluctance to change. This in turn, results in a fragmented, sub-optimal approach to the safety-of-navigation caused by the inability to provide mariners with “seamless” information at reasonable cost. In particular, hydrographic offices must be willing to recognize that chart information can no longer be considered to be separate, individual products. When it comes to the provision and use of chart-related information for use in an INS, the focus needs to shift to what information is actually desired, how it will be provided, what other information it will be used with, and whether it is truly up-todate

Mercator’s Projection – a Breakthrough in Maritime Navigation

This paper is focused on Mercator’s projection as a breakthrough in maritime navigation. In the paper, the principle and properties of Mercator’s projection are described. The advantages, disadvantages and current utilization are mentioned

INAUT, a Controlled Language for the French Coast Pilot Books Instructions nautiques

We describe INAUT, a controlled natural language dedicated to collaborative update of a knowledge base on maritime navigation and to automatic generation of coast pilot books (Instructions nautiques) of the French National Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service SHOM. INAUT is based on French language and abundantly uses georeferenced entities. After describing the structure of the overall system, giving details on the language and on its generation, and discussing the three major applications of INAUT (document production, interaction with ENCs and collaborative updates of the knowledge base), we conclude with future extensions and open problems.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication at Fourth Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2014), 20-22 August 2014, Galway, Irelan

Biosignal-Based Driving Skill Classification Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Maritime Navigation

This work presents a novel approach to detecting stress differences between experts and novices in Situation Awareness (SA) tasks during maritime navigation using one type of wearable sensor, Empatica E4 Wristband. We propose that for a given workload state, the values of biosignal data collected from wearable sensor vary in experts and novices. We describe methods to conduct a designed SA task experiment, and collected the biosignal data on subjects sailing on a 240° view simulator. The biosignal data were analysed by using a machine learning algorithm, a Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed algorithm showed that the biosingal data associated with the experts can be categorized as different from that of the novices, which is in line with the results of NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scores. This study can contribute to the development of a self-training system in maritime navigation in further studies

Marine Information Objects (MIO) and ECDIS: Concept and Practice

Marine Information Objects (MIOs) consist of chart- and navigation-related information that supplement the minimum information required by ECDIS to ensure safety of navigation at sea. As related to the use of Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) data, MIOs are additional, non-mandatory information not already covered by existing IMO, IHO, or IEC standards. Such information includes ice coverage, tide/water level, current flow, meteorological, oceanographic, and marine habitats. A Harmonization Group on MIOs (HGMIO) has been established between IHO and IEC to recommend additional data and display specifications that may be incorporated into future editions of IHO and IEC standards. This paper discusses the scope of MIO activities, particularly as it relates to the challenges of converting a wide variety of MIO-related information into suitable data formats for use with a type-approved ECDIS. This includes information that will be provided via shipboard Automated Identification Systems (AIS) and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) centers. In particular, there are significant challenges related to developing data formats that deal with time-varying information (i.e., X, Y, Z and time), simultaneous display of MIOs with other chart and navigation-related information, and the means/process to disseminate in a timely manner