Quantifizierung von Emissionen in der Rinderhaltung

Emissionen der Tierhaltung unterliegen verschiedenen Einflussparametern sowie jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen. Neben der Tierart spielen die Lebendmasse der Tiere, das Außenklima und die Verfahrensgestaltung - insbesondere der Lüftung - eine entscheidende Rolle. Besonders schwierig erweist sich die Bestimmung des Luftvolumenstromes bei frei gelüfteten Ställen. Im durchgeführten Projekt wurden dazu verschiedene Methoden verglichen. Gleichzeitig fand eine Erfassung emissionsrelevanter Konzentrationen von Gasen, Geruch und Staub in zwei Ställen mit unterschiedlichen Aufstallungsverfahren statt. Dabei wurde nachgewiesen, dass Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Systemen vorhanden sind

Quantifizierung von Emissionen in der Rinderhaltung

Emissionen der Tierhaltung unterliegen verschiedenen Einflussparametern sowie jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen. Neben der Tierart spielen die Lebendmasse der Tiere, das Außenklima und die Verfahrensgestaltung - insbesondere der Lüftung - eine entscheidende Rolle. Besonders schwierig erweist sich die Bestimmung des Luftvolumenstromes bei frei gelüfteten Ställen. Im durchgeführten Projekt wurden dazu verschiedene Methoden verglichen. Gleichzeitig fand eine Erfassung emissionsrelevanter Konzentrationen von Gasen, Geruch und Staub in zwei Ställen mit unterschiedlichen Aufstallungsverfahren statt. Dabei wurde nachgewiesen, dass Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Systemen vorhanden sind

Quantifizierung von Emissionen in der Rinderhaltung

Emissionen der Tierhaltung unterliegen verschiedenen Einflussparametern sowie jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen. Neben der Tierart spielen die Lebendmasse der Tiere, das Außenklima und die Verfahrensgestaltung - insbesondere der Lüftung - eine entscheidende Rolle. Besonders schwierig erweist sich die Bestimmung des Luftvolumenstromes bei frei gelüfteten Ställen. Im durchgeführten Projekt wurden dazu verschiedene Methoden verglichen. Gleichzeitig fand eine Erfassung emissionsrelevanter Konzentrationen von Gasen, Geruch und Staub in zwei Ställen mit unterschiedlichen Aufstallungsverfahren statt. Dabei wurde nachgewiesen, dass Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Systemen vorhanden sind

Health and Wellbeing of Occupants in Highly Energy Efficient Buildings: A Field Study

Passive houses and other highly energy-efficient buildings need mechanical ventilation. However, ventilation systems in such houses are regarded with a certain degree of skepticism by parts of the public due to alleged negative health effects. Within a quasi-experimental field study, we investigated if occupants of two types of buildings (mechanical vs. natural ventilation) experience different health, wellbeing and housing satisfaction outcomes and if associations with indoor air quality exist. We investigated 123 modern homes (test group: with mechanical ventilation; control group: naturally ventilated) built in the years 2010 to 2012 in the same geographic area and price range. Interviews of occupants based on standardized questionnaires and measurements of indoor air quality parameters were conducted twice (three months after moving in and one year later). In total, 575 interviews were performed (respondents mean age 37.9 9 years in the test group, 37.7 9 years in the control group). Occupants of the test group rated their overall health status and that of their children not significantly higher than occupants of the control group at both time points. Adult occupants of the test group reported dry eyes statistically significantly more frequently compared to the control group (19.4% vs. 12.5%). Inhabitants of energy-efficient, mechanically ventilated homes rated the quality of indoor air and climate significantly higher. Self-reported health improved more frequently in the mechanically ventilated new homes (p = 0.005). Almost no other significant differences between housing types and measuring time points were observed concerning health and wellbeing or housing satisfaction. Associations between vegetative symptoms (dizziness, nausea, headaches) and formaldehyde concentrations as well as between CO2 levels and perceived stale air were observed. However, both associations were independent of the type of ventilation. In summary, occupants of the mechanically ventilated homes rated their health status slightly higher and their health improved significantly more frequently than in occupants of the control group. As humidity in homes with mechanical ventilation was lower, it seems plausible that the inhabitants reported dry eyes more frequently.(VLID)486711

Indoor Environmental Quality in Mechanically Ventilated, Energy-Efficient Buildings vs. Conventional Buildings

Energy-efficient buildings need mechanical ventilation. However, there are concerns that inadequate mechanical ventilation may lead to impaired indoor air quality. Using a semi-experimental field study, we investigated if exposure of occupants of two types of buildings (mechanical vs. natural ventilation) differs with regard to indoor air pollutants and climate factors. We investigated living and bedrooms in 123 buildings (62 highly energy-efficient and 61 conventional buildings) built in the years 2010 to 2012 in Austria (mainly Vienna and Lower Austria). Measurements of indoor parameters (climate, chemical pollutants and biological contaminants) were conducted twice. In total, more than 3000 measurements were performed. Almost all indoor air quality and room climate parameters showed significantly better results in mechanically ventilated homes compared to those relying on ventilation from open windows and/or doors. This study does not support the hypothesis that occupants in mechanically ventilated low energy houses are exposed to lower indoor air quality

Gene Suppression of Transketolase-Like Protein 1 (TKTL1) Sensitizes Glioma Cells to Hypoxia and Ionizing Radiation

In several tumor entities, transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) has been suggested to promote the nonoxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and thereby to contribute to a malignant phenotype. However, its role in glioma biology has only been sparsely documented. In the present in vitro study using LNT-229 glioma cells, we analyzed the impact of TKTL1 gene suppression on basic metabolic parameters and on survival following oxygen restriction and ionizing radiation. TKTL1 was induced by hypoxia and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Knockdown of TKTL1 via shRNA increased the cells’ demand for glucose, decreased flux through the PPP and promoted cell death under hypoxic conditions. Following irradiation, suppression of TKTL1 expression resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced clonogenic survival. In summary, our results indicate a role of TKTL1 in the adaptation of tumor cells to oxygen deprivation and in the acquisition of radioresistance. Further studies are necessary to examine whether strategies that antagonize TKTL1 function will be able to restore the sensitivity of glioma cells towards irradiation and antiangiogenic therapies in the more complex in vivo environment

Gene Suppression of Transketolase-Like Protein 1 (TKTL1) Sensitizes Glioma Cells to Hypoxia and Ionizing Radiation

In several tumor entities, transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) has been suggested to promote the nonoxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and thereby to contribute to a malignant phenotype. However, its role in glioma biology has only been sparsely documented. In the present in vitro study using LNT-229 glioma cells, we analyzed the impact of TKTL1 gene suppression on basic metabolic parameters and on survival following oxygen restriction and ionizing radiation. TKTL1 was induced by hypoxia and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Knockdown of TKTL1 via shRNA increased the cells’ demand for glucose, decreased flux through the PPP and promoted cell death under hypoxic conditions. Following irradiation, suppression of TKTL1 expression resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced clonogenic survival. In summary, our results indicate a role of TKTL1 in the adaptation of tumor cells to oxygen deprivation and in the acquisition of radioresistance. Further studies are necessary to examine whether strategies that antagonize TKTL1 function will be able to restore the sensitivity of glioma cells towards irradiation and antiangiogenic therapies in the more complex in vivo environment