Aristotle's Peculiarly Human Psychology

For Aristotle, human cognition has a lot in common both with non-human animal cognition and with divine cognition. With non-human animals, humans share a non-rational part of the soul and non-rational cognitive faculties (DA 427b6–14, NE 1102b29 and EE 1219b24–6). With gods, humans share a rational part of the soul and rational cognitive faculties (NE 1177b17– 1178a8). The rational part and the non-rational part of the soul, however, coexist and cooperate only in human souls (NE 1102b26–9, EE 1219b28–31). In this chapter, I show that a study of this cooperation helps to uncover some distinctive aspects of human cognition and desire

Psychometric properties of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers in 32 European countries – A bifactor ESEM representation

AimsTo measure the stigma of healthcare providers toward people suffering from mental illness, the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) is a commonly applied instrument. However, this scale has not been thoroughly validated in many European countries, its psychometric properties are still unknown and data on practicing psychiatrists is lacking. Therefore, this multicenter study aimed to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 15-item OMS-HC in trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry in 32 countries across Europe.Materials and methodsThe OMS-HC was conducted as an anonymous online survey and sent via Email to European adult and child psychiatrists. Parallel analysis was used to estimate the number of OMS-HC dimensions. Separate for each country, the bifactor ESEM, a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling approach, was applied to investigate the factor structure of the scale. Cross-cultural validation was done based on multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and reliability measures.ResultsA total of 4,245 practitioners were included, 2,826 (67%) female, 1,389 (33%) male. The majority (66%) of participants were specialists, with 78% working in adult psychiatry. When country data were analyzed separately, the bifactor model (higher-order factor solution with a general factor and three specific factors) showed the best model fit (for the total sample χ2/df = 9.760, RMSEA = 0.045 (0.042–0.049), CFI = 0.981; TLI = 0.960, WRMR = 1.200). The average proportion of variance explained by the general factor was high (ECV = 0.682). This suggests that the aspects of ‘attitude,’ ‘disclosure and help-seeking,’ and ‘social distance’ could be treated as a single dimension of stigma. Among the specific factors, the ‘disclosure and help-seeking’ factor explained a considerable unique proportion of variance in the observed scores.ConclusionThis international study has led to cross-cultural analysis of the OMS-HC on a large sample of practicing psychiatrists. The bifactor structure displayed the best overall model fit in each country. Rather than using the subscales, we recommend the total score to quantify the overall stigmatizing attitudes. Further studies are required to strengthen our findings in countries where the proposed model was found to be weak

Die griechischen Ausleger der Aristotelischen Topik

von Max Wallies(VLID)190619

Fan Mail, 1967

Contains a letter from 196

Entrustable Professional Activities in Graduate Medical Education in Psychiatry: A promising Concept

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) oder anvertraubare professionelle Tätigkeiten (APTs) sind kompetenzbasierte Lernziele, die sich aus beobachtbaren klinischen Tätigkeiten ableiten. Im Studium der Humanmedizin haben sie mittlerweile schweizweit als Teil des sogenannten PROFILES-Katalogs (Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrated Learning and Education in Switzerland) Einzug gehalten. Es ist naheliegend, in der Weiterbildung an die neun im Studium vermittelten EPAs anzuknüpfen und EPAs in der Weiterbildung einzuführen. Wir diskutieren diesen Ansatz für die Weiterbildung zum Facharzt Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie aus Sicht verschiedener Weiterbildungskontexte und eines Praxisbeispiels. Zusammenfassend sehen wir durch die Implementierung von EPAs eine gute Chance für Verbesserung sowohl in Bezug auf die Qualität der ärztlichen Weiterbildung und damit der Patient/innenversorgung als auch in Bezug auf die Attraktivität des Fachgebiets für ärztlichen Nachwuchs