Real-time Image Signal Processor Stats Management to Save Power and CPU Cycles

This publication describes techniques and apparatuses, implemented on a digital image capture device, directed at minimizing power consumption and central processing unit (CPU) cycles during image capture and processing events. An image sensor on the device captures a scene as a frame and generates raw image data. An on-device image signal processor (ISP) receives the raw image data and generates a statistics output (“stats output”) that includes image statistics for the frame. The stats output further includes a descriptive tag for the image statistics, saved in a header of the stats output. Software implemented on the device (e.g., a Statistics Manager) receives the stats output, parses the descriptive tag from the header, compares the descriptive tag to one or more previous descriptive tags, and determines if a change in the stats output is greater than a threshold. Upon determining that the change in the stats output is less than the threshold, the Statistics Manager determines that processing of the stats output by an Image Processing Module (e.g., 3A algorithms, other ISP software algorithms) is not necessary. Upon determining that the change in the stats output is greater than the threshold, the Statistics Manager determines processing of the stats output by the Image Processing Module is necessary. Through the use of such techniques and apparatuses, an image capture device can avoid unnecessary processing of stats outputs

Exposure Prediction in Video Capturing

This publication describes methods, techniques, and apparatuses that enable a handheld electronic device, such as a smartphone, to capture high-quality static images (photographs) and accurately determine an exposure configuration when capturing videos (multiple frames per second (FPS)). To do so, the smartphone utilizes an auto-exposure (AE) algorithm. The AE algorithm combines data from motion sensors (e.g., gyroscopes and accelerometers) and optical flow data from image sensors (e.g., complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor). The AE algorithm increases video quality without using additional computational power, more battery life, nor more volatile and non-volatile memory

Display Brightness Based Camera Parameter Control for Selfie Capture in Darkness

When a user in a dark room captures a selfie image or video using a front camera of a device, the display brightness can impact the captured image or video. Oscillations can occur due to a feedback loop between the image captured by the camera which when displayed on the device screen causes changes in display brightness. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically estimate the impact of display illumination on the face of a subject and slow down convergence. Per the techniques, exposure and/or white balance parameters for the camera are estimated using display illumination (brightness), depth (distance of the subject), and reflectance. Machine learning techniques or a lookup table or regression on historical data can be used for estimation. Oscillations in the captured image or video due to a feedback loop are reduced or eliminated

Scene Metering and Exposure Control for Enhancing High Dynamic Range Imaging

This publication describes systems and techniques directed to enhancing High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging by identifying and understanding the lighting environment of a scene for image capture. Natural light (e.g., outdoor sky, sunlight) is identified and differentiated from artificial light (e.g., light-emitting diode (LED), fluorescent, halogen, incandescent lighting) for advanced metering and optimal exposure control. Exposure is adjusted relative to the differentiated lighting for final image capture. Regions of the scene are differentiated by mapping different weights to the dynamic range detected. This comprehensive understanding of the scene captures the most important region of interest (e.g., from the viewer’s perspective) within a good exposure value

Segurança nacional e estratégias energéticas de Portugal e de Espanha

A “Segurança Nacional e as Estratégias Energéticas de Portugal e Espanha” lida com um dos temas de maior relevância para a Segurança de ambos os países ibéricos: a questão da energia. O primeiro capítulo leva o leitor para o quadro internacional da energia e os riscos e as ameaças que afectam a segurança energética em termos globais e europeus. O segundo capítulo lida com as vulnerabilidades e potencialidades da Península Ibérica e com as vantagens que uma relação mais íntima e uma cooperação mais activa com o Magreb podem dar à segurança energética de Portugal e de Espanha. O terceiro capítulo trata do papel das energias alternativas, em especial da energia nuclear, como resposta às questões dos delimitados recursos energéticos e da carbonização do planeta. O último capítulo analisa a relação entre as novas ameaças à segurança e a questão energética, principalmente pela possibilidade de grupos terroristas utilizarem armas de teor químico, biológico ou radioactivo‑nuclear

Camera Sensor Exposure Control During Camera Launch

This publication describes systems and techniques directed at fusing spectral-sensor data to drive the exposure control during the boot-up of a camera sensor on an electronic device. Fusing this data into the calibration of the camera during boot-up may significantly improve the execution time of the exposure control algorithm that ensures exposure readiness. In addition, since the exposure is critical to the focus-finding algorithm, these techniques may improve overall capture readiness times. By shortening the camera boot-up time, the camera is ready sooner to capture images, making a user less likely to miss capturing desired moments due to the camera not being ready as the moment occurs

Breast reconstruction using free posterior medial thigh perforator flaps: intraoperative anatomical study and clinical results

横浜市立大学2015年

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat