Renal safety profile of di-peptidyl-peptidase inhibitors: a review of available literature

Diabetic Nephropathy has become the single most import cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Various strategies to limit or slow the progress the Diabetic nephropathy are suggested by the guidelines and evidences. By maintaining strict glycemic control the progression of diabetic nephropathy can be altered. Glycemic control in diabetic patients with nephropathy is complex as falling eGFR renders many ant diabetic medications contraindicated while others are needed to be done in low dose. The intent of this review article is to collate the available evidences for renal safety with one such anti diabetic class of medication, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor and evaluate the guideline based antidiabetic treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with renal insufficiency.

Present status and future prospects of plasma sprayed multilayered thermal barrier coating systems

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a pivotal role in protecting the hot structures of modern turbine engines in aerospace as well as utility applications. To meet the increasing efficiency of gas turbine technology, worldwide research is focused on designing new architecture of TBCs. These TBCs are mainly fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as it is more economical over the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology. Notably, bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC structures are recognized as favorable designs to obtain adequate coating performance and durability. In this regard, an attempt has been made in this article to highlight the structure, characteristics, limitations and future prospects of bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC systems fabricated using plasma spraying and its allied techniques like suspension plasma spray (SPS), solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) and plasma spray –physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD)

Waste assimilative capacity of coastal waters along Mumbai mega city, west coast of India using MIKE-21 and WASP simulation models

Coastal waters are the ultimate receivers of the organic waste materials generated by upstream cities and towns. This waste can cause dissolved oxygen depletion due to increased oxygen demand, affecting the natural ability of water bodies to withstand certain amount of pollution - the Waste Assimilative Capacity. The pollution load (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) calculated using the Population Equivalent value of 0.225 m3/day for the present Mumbai population of 13 million is 731,250 kg/day. Simulations using MIKE-21 and WASP models along with the observed water quality data as well as current meter data indicated that the coastal waters can withstand the present pollution load since the simulated Biochemical Oxygen Demand was with in the range of 0.2-1.5 mg/L, the National Standard limits. A projected population increase exceeded the target BOD value of 2 mg/L, indicating the deterioration of ambient quality of coastal waters. Waste Assimilative Capacity studies are crucial in the present-day regional, as well as global issues, such as population explosion, water shortage and climate change