Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Secara in Vitro

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO Melisa R. Tuna1), Billy J. Kepel1), Michael A. Leman1) 1)Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran, UNSRAT ABSTRACT Bacterial infections of the oral cavity are often caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and micro-organisms rod-shaped gram-negative and anaerobic. Some of diseases in the oral cavity that can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus is periodontal abscess. Giving an antibiotics can be done to overcome it. But used an antibiotics often cause bacterial resistance to the antibiotic substance. The development of an alternative treatment that does not cause side effects needs to be done. One of the plant that has been used as traditional medicine include soursop leaves. Soursop leaves is a kind of natural materials which contain tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids that function as an antibacterial. This research aims to determine the inhibition of soursop leaf extract on growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research was an experimental laboratory with true experimental design and posttest only control design with Kirby-bauer modification method using filter paper. Study subject are soursop leaf third of the shoots were extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The results of this study showed that the area of the inhibiting zone soursop extract was 12,3 mm. From the research can be concluded that the soursop leaf extracts have inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus accretion. Inhibition of soursop leaf extract third from the shoots, including a strong group. But, the inhibiting zone of soursop extract is smaller than the inhibiting zone of antibiotic. Keywords: periodontal abscess, soursop leaf extract (Annonamuricata L.), Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Infeksi bakteri pada rongga mulut yang sering terjadi disebabkan oleh Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, dan mikroorganisme gram negatif yang berbentuk batang dan anaerob. Beberapa penyakit dalam rongga mulut yang dapat disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus yaitu abses periodontal. Pemberian antibiotik dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik sering menyebabkan resistensi bakteri terhadap zat antibiotik. Pengembangan suatu alternatif pengobatan yang tidak menyebabkan efek samping perlu dilakukan. Salah satu tanaman yang telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional diantaranya adalah daun sirsak. Daun sirsak merupakan jenis bahan alam yang memiliki kandungan tannin, alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium, menggunakan rancangan eksperimental murni (true experimental design) dengan rancangan penelitian posttest only control design dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan kertas saring. Subjek penelitian ini ialah daun sirsak urutan ketiga dari pucuk yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun sirsak Annona muricata L. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 12,3 mm. Daya hambat ekstrak daun sirsak urutan ketiga dari pucuk termasuk golongan kuat. Diameter zona hambat dari ekstrak daun sirsak lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan diameter zona hambat dari antibiotik

Torsional characteristics of carbon nanotubes: Micropolar elasticity models and molecular dynamics simulation

Efficient application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in nano-devices and nano-materials requires comprehensive understanding of their mechanical properties. As observations suggest size dependent behaviour, non-classical theories preserving the memory of body’s internal structure via additional material parameters offer great potential when a continuum modelling is to be preferred. In the present study, micropolar theory of elasticity is adopted due to its peculiar character allowing for incorporation of scale effects through additional kinematic descriptors and work-conjugated stress measures. An optimisation approach is presented to provide unified material parameters for two specific class of single-walled carbon nanotubes (e.g., armchair and zigzag) by minimizing the difference between the apparent shear modulus obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and micropolar beam model considering both solid and tubular cross-sections. The results clearly reveal that micropolar theory is more suitable compared to internally constraint couple stress theory, due to the essentiality of having skew-symmetric stress and strain measures, as well as to the classical local theory (Cauchy of Grade 1), which cannot accounts for scale effects. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that unified material parameters of CNTs are derived through a combined MD-micropolar continuum theory

Metatarsophalangeal joint pain in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Methods. Thirty-four consecutive patients with PsA (mean age 45.3 years, 65% female, mean disease duration 9.9 years) and 22 control participants (mean age 37.9 years, 64% female) underwent clinical and US examination to determine the presence of pain, swelling, synovitis, erosions, effusions and submetatarsal bursae at the MTP joints. Mean barefoot peak plantar pressures were determined at each MTP joint. Levels of pain, US-determined pathology and peak pressures were compared between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify demographic, clinical examination-derived, US-derived and plantar pressure predictors of pain at the MTP joints in the PsA group. Results. The presence of pain, deformity, synovitis, erosions (P < 0.001) and submetatarsal bursae and peak plantar pressure at MTP 3 (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the PsA group. MTP joint pain in PsA was independently predicted by high BMI, female gender and the presence of joint subluxation, synovitis and erosion. Conclusion. These results suggest local inflammatory and structural factors, together with systemic factors (gender, BMI), are predominantly responsible for painful MTP joints in PsA, with no clear role for plantar pressure characteristics

SURVEI PERKEMBANGAN PERMAINAN SEPAK BOLA PADA CLUB SAMUDRA FC DI KECAMATAN TOLINGGULA

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendeskripsikan secara jelas mengenai perkembangan Permainan Sepak Bola Pada Club Samudra FC di Kecamatan Tolinggula Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diuraikan pada tabel sebelumnya, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut : Awalnya Klub ini didirikan pada tahun 2010 dengan nama Klub Rawal kemudian berubah menjadi Predator dan pada tahun 2017 beralih nama menjadi Samudra FC hingga kini. Pendiri Klub Samudra FC tersebut adalah Bapak Rahmat Diko. Namun secara resminya Klub Samudra FC terbentuk pada tahun 2017. Pelatih yang dimiliki oleh klub Samudra FC adalah seorang yang kompeten dalam bidang olahraga sepak bola. Selain menjadi pelatih sepak bola, pelatih juga menjadi teman dari para atlet-atle di klub Samudra FC tersebut serta menjadi motivator yang baik untuk mereka. Prestasi yang dimiliki oleh klub Samudra FC setiap kompetisi berbeda-beda. Prestasi klub Samudra FC ini dipengaruhi oleh atlet-atlet yang berkualitas dan ada hubungannya juga dengan adanya dana yang dimiliki oleh klub Samudra FC. Kata Kunci: Survei, Perkembangan, Permainan Sepak Bola  ABSTRACT The research aimed to provide a clear description of the development of football games at Samudra FC Club in Tolinggula Subdistrict, North Gorontalo Regency. The research method used in this study was a survey. Based on the research results outlined in the previous table, the following conclusions can be drawn: The club was initially established in 2010 with the name Klub Rawal, then changed to Predator, and in 2017, it was renamed Samudra FC, which continues to be its name to date. The founder of Samudra FC Club is Mr. Rahmat Diko, but officially, the club was formed in 2017. The coach of Samudra FC Club is competent in the field of football sports. In addition to being a football coach, the coach also acts as a friend to the athletes in the Samudra FC club and serves as a good motivator for them. The achievements of Samudra FC Club vary in each competition, influenced by the quality of athletes and the financial resources available to the club. Keywords: Survey, Development, Football Games

Limits on intrinsic magnetism in graphene

We have studied magnetization of graphene nanocrystals obtained by sonic exfoliation of graphite. No ferromagnetism is detected at any temperature down to 2 K. Neither do we find strong paramagnetism expected due to the massive amount of edge defects. Rather, graphene is strongly diamagnetic, similar to graphite. Our nanocrystals exhibit only a weak paramagnetic contribution noticeable below 50K. The measurements yield a single species of defects responsible for the paramagnetism, with approximately one magnetic moment per typical graphene crystallite.Comment: 2nd version, modified in response to comment

Prioritization of healthcare systems during pandemics using Cronbach's measure based fuzzy WASPAS approach

Pandemics are well-known as epidemics that spread globally and cause many illnesses and mortality. Because of globalization, the accelerated occurrence and circulation of new microbes, the infection has emerged and the incidence and movement of new microbes have sped up. Using technological devices to minimize the visit durations, specifying days for handling chronic diseases, subsidy for the staff are the alternatives that can help prevent healthcare systems from collapsing during pandemics. The study aims to define the efficient usage of optimization tools during pandemics to prevent healthcare systems from collapsing. In this study, a new integrated framework with fuzzy information is developed, which attempts to prioritize these alternatives for policymakers. First, rating data are assigned respective fuzzy values using the standard singleton grades. Later, criteria weights are determined by extending Cronbach´s measure to fuzzy context. The measure not only understands data consistency comprehensively, but also takes into consideration the attitudinal characteristics of experts. By this approach, a rational weight vector is obtained for decision-making. Further, an improved Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) algorithm is put forward for ranking alternatives, which is flexibly considering criteria along with personalized ordering and holistic ordering alternatives. The usefulness of the developed framework is tested with the help of a real case study. Rank values of alternatives when unbiased weights are used is given by 0.741, 0.582, 0.640 with ordering as R1≻R3≻R2. The sensitivity/comparative analysis reveals the impact of the proposed model as useful in selecting the best alternative for the healthcare systems during pandemics

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF A COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT

The purpose of this article is to through the analysis of the first law of thermodynamic for a combined cycle determines the ecological coefficient of the same. This system consists of two gas turbines, two heat recovery boilers and a steam turbine, having a total installed capacity of power generation of 500 MW. This plant will be installed in a small town located 180 km from São Paulo. This place was chosen based on technical aspects by present proximity to the pipeline and transmission line, water availability and other favorable environmental aspects of the project. The natural gas that will serve as the plant's fuel will come from the Field of Mexilhão, from the base of Caraguatatuba, and the water used for cooling will come from the Paraíba do Sul River

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) EST and SSR marker development, annotation, and transferability

Orchardgrass, or cocksfoot [Dactylis glomerata (L.)], has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is a commonly used species for forage and hay production. All major cultivated varieties of orchardgrass are autotetraploid, and few tools or information are available for functional and comparative genetic analyses and improvement of the species. To improve the genetic resources for orchardgrass, we have developed an EST library and SSR markers from salt, drought, and cold stressed tissues. The ESTs were bi-directionally sequenced from clones and combined into 17,373 unigenes. Unigenes were annotated based on putative orthology to genes from rice, Triticeae grasses, other Poaceae, Arabidopsis, and the non-redundant database of the NCBI. Of 1,162 SSR markers developed, approximately 80% showed amplification products across a set of orchardgrass germplasm, and 40% across related Festuca and Lolium species. When orchardgrass subspecies were genotyped using 33 SSR markers their within-accession similarity values ranged from 0.44 to 0.71, with Mediterranean accessions having a higher similarity. The total number of genotyped bands was greater for tetraploid accessions compared to diploid accessions. Clustering analysis indicated grouping of Mediterranean subspecies and central Asian subspecies, while the D. glomerata ssp. aschersoniana was closest related to three cultivated varieties

Reverse Engineering Gene Networks with ANN: Variability in Network Inference Algorithms

Motivation :Reconstructing the topology of a gene regulatory network is one of the key tasks in systems biology. Despite of the wide variety of proposed methods, very little work has been dedicated to the assessment of their stability properties. Here we present a methodical comparison of the performance of a novel method (RegnANN) for gene network inference based on multilayer perceptrons with three reference algorithms (ARACNE, CLR, KELLER), focussing our analysis on the prediction variability induced by both the network intrinsic structure and the available data. Results: The extensive evaluation on both synthetic data and a selection of gene modules of "Escherichia coli" indicates that all the algorithms suffer of instability and variability issues with regards to the reconstruction of the topology of the network. This instability makes objectively very hard the task of establishing which method performs best. Nevertheless, RegnANN shows MCC scores that compare very favorably with all the other inference methods tested. Availability: The software for the RegnANN inference algorithm is distributed under GPL3 and it is available at the corresponding author home page (http://mpba.fbk.eu/grimaldi/regnann-supmat