应用扎根理论分析中等教育科技课程的组织和设置

Technology is a cross-cutting subject of knowledge and skills in the Secondary Education curriculum. Its curricular content demands constant changes due to the requirements posed by society and educational laws in Spain. This article presents a qualitative empirical research, whose methodology is based on the Grounded Theory. Although the objective of the research is broader, for reasons of space, the part corresponding to the analysis of the organizational and curricular context from the teachers' perspective is presented here. The interviewers' data collection was through observation, field diary, and audio recording of the focus groups, with the participation of 68 teachers from 17 Secondary Schools in the province of Valencia, reaching theoretical saturation in the eighth school. The fieldwork was carried out between October 2019 and February 2020. The Atlas.ti software (v.8) was used for data processing, which allowed open, axial, co-occurrence and selective coding. The conclusions of the study are: (1) the difference in infrastructure, size and ratio have an impact on educational quality, (2) institutional coordination is necessary to adapt the student transition between the different educational levels, (3) school organization together with a fragmented curriculum in core, specific and free configuration subjects, hinder the acquisition of competencies, and (4) the choice of STEM subjects depends on the gender of the students and their family environment.La asignatura Tecnología es una materia transversal de conocimientos y habilidades en el currículo de la Educación Secundaria. Su contenido curricular demanda constantes cambios debido a los requerimientos que plantea la sociedad y las leyes educativas en España. Este artículo presenta una investigación empírica de tipo cualitativo, cuya metodología se apoya en la Teoría Fundamentada. Aunque el objetivo de la investigación es más amplio, por razón de espacio, aquí se presenta la parte que corresponde al análisis del contexto organizativo y curricular desde la perspectiva de los docentes. La recopilación de datos de los entrevistadores fue mediante la observación, diario de campo, y grabación de audio de los grupos focales, con la participación de 68 docentes de 17 Institutos de Educación Secundaria de la provincia de València, alcanzando la saturación teórica en el octavo instituto. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre octubre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Para el tratamiento de datos se empleó el software Atlas.ti (v.8) que permitió la codificación abierta, axial, coocurrencias y selectiva. Las conclusiones del estudio son: (1) la diferencia en infraestructura, tamaño y ratio repercuten en la calidad educativa, (2) la coordinación institucional es necesaria para adecuar la transición estudiantil entre los diferentes niveles educativos, (3) la organización escolar junto con un currículo fragmentado en asignaturas troncales, específicas y de libre configuración, dificultan la adquisición de competencias, y (4) la elección de asignaturas STEM depende del género de los estudiantes y de su entorno familiar.  A disciplina de Tecnologia é uma disciplina transversal de conhecimentos e competências no currículo do Ensino Secundário. O seu conteúdo curricular exige alterações constantes devido às exigências da sociedade e das leis educativas em Espanha. Este artigo apresenta uma investigação empírica qualitativa, cuja metodologia se baseia na Teoria Fundamentada. Embora o objetivo da investigação seja mais amplo, por razões de espaço, apresentamos aqui a parte que corresponde à análise do contexto organizacional e curricular do ponto de vista dos professores. Os entrevistadores recolheram dados através da observação, diário de campo e gravação de áudio dos grupos focais, com a participação de 68 professores de 17 escolas secundárias da província de Valência, atingindo a saturação teórica na oitava escola. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entre outubro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. O software Atlas.ti (v.8) foi utilizado para processamento de dados, permitindo a codificação aberta, axial, coocorrências e seletiva. As conclusões do estudo são: (1) a diferença em infraestruturas, dimensão e rácio repercute-se na qualidade da educação, (2) a coordenação institucional é necessária para adequar a transição dos estudantes entre diferentes os níveis de ensino, (3) a organização escolar juntamente com um currículo fragmentado em disciplinas nucleares, específicas e de livre escolha dificultam a aquisição de competências, e (4) a escolha das disciplinas STEM depende do sexo dos estudantes e do seu meio familiar.A disciplina de Tecnologia é uma disciplina transversal de conhecimentos e competências no currículo do Ensino Secundário. O seu conteúdo curricular exige alterações constantes devido às exigências da sociedade e das leis educativas em Espanha. Este artigo apresenta uma investigação empírica qualitativa, cuja metodologia se baseia na Teoria Fundamentada. Embora o objetivo da investigação seja mais amplo, por razões de espaço, apresentamos aqui a parte que corresponde à análise do contexto organizacional e curricular do ponto de vista dos professores. Os entrevistadores recolheram dados através da observação, diário de campo e gravação de áudio dos grupos focais, com a participação de 68 professores de 17 escolas secundárias da província de Valência, atingindo a saturação teórica na oitava escola. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entre outubro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. O software Atlas.ti (v.8) foi utilizado para processamento de dados, permitindo a codificação aberta, axial, coocorrências e seletiva. As conclusões do estudo são: (1) a diferença em infraestruturas, dimensão e rácio repercute-se na qualidade da educação, (2) a coordenação institucional é necessária para adequar a transição dos estudantes entre diferentes os níveis de ensino, (3) a organização escolar juntamente com um currículo fragmentado em disciplinas nucleares, específicas e de livre escolha dificultam a aquisição de competências, e (4) a escolha das disciplinas STEM depende do sexo dos estudantes e do seu meio familiar.在中等教育的课程设置中，科技课程是汇集多种知识和技能的交叉课程。由于西班牙教育法及社会环境的要求，课程内容需要不断地变化。因此该研究以扎根理论为方法依据，进行了定性观察研究。该研究的目标较广泛，但是出于篇幅限制，这里主要呈现了以教师视角出发对课程组织分析的部分。通过观察、田野调查、对焦点小组录音的方式收集数据。最后共有来自瓦伦西亚省17所中学的68名教师参与，在调查进行到第八所学校时，研究数据达到理论饱和。田野调查时间为2019年10月到2020年2月。在数据处理方面，研究使用可以进行开放、轴向、共现、选择编码的Atlas.ti（v.8）软件。研究最终得到的结论为：（1）基础设施规模及比例的差异影响到教学质量；（2）教学机构良好的协调能力可以促进学生在不同学习级别间的顺利转换；（3）断片式的主干课程、特定课程和自选课程的设置和组织阻碍了学生的能力获取；（4）学生的性别和家庭环境决定了学生对STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）课程的选择

Diseño de superestructura y subestructura del puente la Vainilla por el método AASHTO LRFD 2010 con las cargas HS20 44+25%

Presenta el diseño de súper estructura y subestructura del puente la Vainilla por el método AASHTO LRFD 2010 con las cargas HS20 44+25% en el cual se realizó un análisis de informes técnicos referentes a los estudios viales, hidrotécnicos, geotécnicos así como el diseño de la superestructura de la losa de concreto y viga de acero

Mineralization enhancement of a recalcitrant pharmaceutical pollutant in water by advanced oxidation hybrid processes

ABSTRACT: Degradation of the biorecalcitrant pharmaceutical micropollutant ibuprofen (IBP) was carried out by means of several advanced oxidation hybrid configurations. TiO2 photocatalysis, photo-Fenton and sonolysis – all of them under solar simulated illumination – were tested in the hybrid systems: sonophoto-Fenton (FS), sonophotocatalysis (TS) and TiO2/Fe2+/sonolysis (TFS). In the case of the sonophoto-Fenton process, the IBP degradation (95%) and mineralization (60%) were attained with photo-Fenton (FH). The presence of ultrasonic irradiation slightly improves the iron catalytic activity. On the other hand, total removal of IBP and elimination of more than 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed by photocatalysis with TiO2 in the presence of ultrasound irradiation (TS). In contrast only 26% of mineralization was observed by photocatalysis with H2O2 (TH) in the absence of ultrasound irradiation. Additional results showed that, in the TFS system, 92% of DOC removal and complete degradation of IBP were obtained within 240 min of treatment. The advanced oxidation hybrid systems seems to be a promising alternative for full elimination/mineralization for the recalcitrant micro-contaminant IBP

RGBD Human-Hand recognition for the Interaction with Robot-Hand

New low cost sensors and the new open free libraries for 3D image processing are permitting to achieve important advances for robot vision applications such as tridimensional object recognition, semantic mapping, navigation and localization of robots, human detection and/or gesture recognition for human-machine interaction. In this paper, a method to recognize the human hand and to track the fingers is proposed. This new method is based on point clouds from range images, RGBD. It does not require visual marks, camera calibration, environment knowledge and complex expensive acquisition systems. Furthermore, this method has been implemented to create a human interface in order to move a robot hand. The human hand is recognized and the movement of the fingers is analyzed. Afterwards, it is imitated from a Barret hand, using communication events programmed from ROS.This work was supported in part by the Valencia Regional Government and the Research and Innovation Vice-president Office of the University of Alicante for their financial support through the projects GV2012/102 and GRE10-16, respectively

Parallel evolution of a splicing program controlling neuronal excitability in flies and mammals

Alternative splicing increases neuronal transcriptomic complexity throughout animal phylogeny. To delve into the mechanisms controlling the assembly and evolution of this regulatory layer, we characterized the neuronal microexon program in Drosophila and compared it with that of mammals. In nonvertebrate bilaterians, this splicing program is restricted to neurons by the posttranscriptional processing of the enhancer of microexons (eMIC) domain in Srrm234. In Drosophila, this processing is dependent on regulation by Elav/Fne. eMIC deficiency or misexpression leads to widespread neurological alterations largely emerging from impaired neuronal activity, as revealed by a combination of neuronal imaging experiments and cell type–specific rescues. These defects are associated with the genome-wide skipping of short neural exons, which are strongly enriched in ion channels. We found no overlap of eMIC-regulated exons between flies and mice, illustrating how ancient posttranscriptional programs can evolve independently in different phyla to affect distinct cellular modules while maintaining cell-type specificity

Nextmed: Automatic Imaging Segmentation, 3D Reconstruction, and 3D Model Visualization Platform Using Augmented and Virtual Reality

The visualization of medical images with advanced techniques, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, represent a breakthrough for medical professionals. In contrast to more traditional visualization tools lacking 3D capabilities, these systems use the three available dimensions. To visualize medical images in 3D, the anatomical areas of interest must be segmented. Currently, manual segmentation, which is the most commonly used technique, and semi-automatic approaches can be time consuming because a doctor is required, making segmentation for each individual case unfeasible. Using new technologies, such as computer vision and artificial intelligence for segmentation algorithms and augmented and virtual reality for visualization techniques implementation, we designed a complete platform to solve this problem and allow medical professionals to work more frequently with anatomical 3D models obtained from medical imaging. As a result, the Nextmed project, due to the different implemented software applications, permits the importation of digital imaging and communication on medicine (dicom) images on a secure cloud platform and the automatic segmentation of certain anatomical structures with new algorithms that improve upon the current research results. A 3D mesh of the segmented structure is then automatically generated that can be printed in 3D or visualized using both augmented and virtual reality, with the designed software systems. The Nextmed project is unique, as it covers the whole process from uploading dicom images to automatic segmentation, 3D reconstruction, 3D visualization, and manipulation using augmented and virtual reality. There are many researches about application of augmented and virtual reality for medical image 3D visualization; however, they are not automated platforms. Although some other anatomical structures can be studied, we focused on one case: a lung study. Analyzing the application of the platform to more than 1000 dicom images and studying the results with medical specialists, we concluded that the installation of this system in hospitals would provide a considerable improvement as a tool for medical image visualization

Characterization of the distribution of water vapour for DInSAR studies on the volcanic island of Tenerife, Canary Islands

Measurements of ground displacement have been carried out on the entire active volcanic island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, by means of classical and advanced DInSAR techniques. The main limiting factor on the accuracy of DInSAR measurements is the distribution of the water vapour in the lower troposphere. Hence, it is yet necessary to perform a detailed spatial and temporal characterization of water vapour to understand, and to be able to carry out a direct computation of, the effect of the tropospheric delay on DInSAR results. In this sense, satellite and balloon data have been analysed to infer the variability in the distribution of water vapour and hence, the robustness of DInSAR results on the island of Tenerife.Peer reviewe

Effect of high-Pressure processing of atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) on biochemical changes during commercial frozen storage

12 páginas, 4 tablas, 3 figurasThis research focuses on biochemical changes related to quality losses observed in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle stored under commercial frozen storage conditions (9 months, −18 °C) when subjected to high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments (125, 150, 175, and 200 MPa for 0 min) before freezing. After freezing, free fatty acid (FFA) formation (lipid hydrolysis assessment) showed a marked inhibition in HHP-treated fish and during frozen storage of samples treated at 175 MPa. Fluorescence ratio (FR) assessment of tertiary lipid oxidation showed a partial inhibitory effect during the 0–9-month period for samples treated at 175 and 200 MPa. After a 3-month storage of samples treated at these pressure levels, one-dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis of the sarcoplasmic protein fraction revealed the disappearance of a band; additionally, samples treated at 150 MPa showed the same effect at month 9. After gel excision, trypsin digestion, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and sequence database analysis, the band was identified as phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (28.7 kDa). On the other hand, HHP processing did not show a significant effect on trimethylamine (TMA) values, primary and secondary lipid oxidation, PUFA levels, 1-D myofibril protein pattern, and the activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsins B and D. Biochemical quality indices such as FFA, TMA, and FR and the activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsin B showed a progressive increase throughout the frozen storage of all samplesThe Xunta de Galicia and the European Social Fund are thankfully recognized for the financial support of the postdoctoral "Isidro Parga Pondal" contract to M. P. The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation is also gratefully acknowledged for the doctoral fellowship to L. M.Peer reviewe

Bienestar psicológico y burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19

The aim of this research was to evaluate physicians and nurses, men and women, in terms of their psychological well-being and burnout experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Participants included 121 volunteers, 56 physicians and 65 nurses, between the ages of 22 and 67 . The results show a low prevalence of burnout syndrome. For psychological well-being, differences were found by gender, with men scoring higher in self-acceptanc and life purpos than women. As regards the sector of employment, employees in the private sector reported greater personal growth than those in the public sector. As to burnout, differences were found between physicians and nurses in the depersonalization factor, with physicians scoring higher. Comparisons by sector showed that those who work in a private context reported higher levels of personal fulfillment, than those that belong to a public one. Group comparisons between those participants who have had a COVID-19 infection at some point during the pandemic and those who have not, showed that the contagion group scored higher in emotional fatigue, and lower in personal fulfillment.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar a médicos/as y enfermeros/as respecto a su bienestar psicológico y burnout experimentado por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en México. Participaron 121 personas voluntarias, 56 médicos/as y 65 enfermeros/as, con un rango de edad de 22 a 67 años. Los resultados mostraron una baja prevalencia del síndrome de burnout. En bienestar psicológico, se encontraron diferencias por género, puntuando más alto los hombres que las mujeres en autoaceptación y propósito de vida. Respecto al sector donde se trabaja, los empleados del sector privado reportan mayor crecimiento personal que los del sector público. En cuanto al burnout, se encontraron diferencias entre médicos/as y enfermeros/as en el factor despersonalización, puntuando más alto los médicos/as. En las comparaciones por sector, los que trabajan en un contexto privado reportaron mayores niveles de realización personal que los pertenecientes a uno público. Comparaciones de grupo entre aquellos participantes contagiados por la COVID-19 en algún momento de la pandemia y los que no, mostraron que el grupo de contagio puntuó con mayor cansancio emocional y menor realización personal