Renal tuberculosis in adult polycystic kidney disease: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature

Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) is a common and potentially fatal disease, leading to end-stage renal failure in 50% of cases. the disease is frequently complicated by arterial hypertension, bacterial pyelonephritis, and hematuria. the association between APKD and tuberculosis has rarely been reported and is related to a more unfavorable course since the infection becomes refractory to specific treatment. the authors report 2 cases of renal tuberculosis diagnosed in the native nephrectomy specimens of 2 patients with APKD after renal transplantation. Tuberculosis, although not common, must be recognized as a potential source of infection of native polycystic kidneys in immunocompromised transplant recipients.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Pathol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Nephrol Discipline, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Pathol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Nephrol Discipline, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

In Silico Analysis and Immunohistochemical Characterization of NaPi2b Protein Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma With Monoclonal Antibody Mx35

Introduction: Ovarian adenocarcinoma is frequently detected at the late stage, when therapy efficacy is limited and death occurs in up to 50% of the cases. A potential novel treatment for this disease is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes phosphate transporter sodium-dependent phosphate transporter protein 2b (NaPi2b).Materials and Methods: To better understand the expression of this protein in different histologic types of ovarian carcinomas, we immunostained 50 tumor samples with anti-NaPi2b monoclonal antibody MX35 and, in parallel, we assessed the expression of the gene encoding NaPi2b (SCL34A2) by in silico analysis of microarray data.Results: Both approaches detected higher expression of NaPi2b (SCL34A2) in ovarian carcinoma than in normal tissue. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis indicates that SCL34A2 is the only gene of the several phosphate transporters genes whose expression differentiates normal from carcinoma samples, suggesting it might exert a major role in ovarian carcinomas. Immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data have also shown that 2 histologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma express particularly high levels of NaPi2b: serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas. Serous adenocarcinomas are the most frequent, contrasting with clear cell carcinomas, rare, and with worse prognosis.Conclusion: This identification of subgroups of patients expressing NaPi2b may be important in selecting cohorts who most likely should be included in future clinical trials, as a recently generated humanized version of MX35 has been developed.FINEPRecepta Biopharma, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, LIM14, BR-01246903 São Paulo, BrazilLudwig Inst Canc Res, São Paulo Branch, São Paulo, BrazilRecepta Biopharma SA, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Expt Neurol Unit, São Paulo, BrazilMem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York Branch, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, New York, NY USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Expt Neurol Unit, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

In Silico Analysis and Immunohistochemical Characterization of NaPi2b Protein Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma With Monoclonal Antibody Mx35

Introduction: Ovarian adenocarcinoma is frequently detected at the late stage, when therapy efficacy is limited and death occurs in up to 50% of the cases. A potential novel treatment for this disease is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes phosphate transporter sodium-dependent phosphate transporter protein 2b (NaPi2b). Materials and Methods: To better understand the expression of this protein in different histologic types of ovarian carcinomas, we immunostained 50 tumor samples with anti-NaPi2b monoclonal antibody MX35 and, in parallel, we assessed the expression of the gene encoding NaPi2b (SCL34A2) by in silico analysis of microarray data. Results: Both approaches detected higher expression of NaPi2b (SCL34A2) in ovarian carcinoma than in normal tissue. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis indicates that SCL34A2 is the only gene of the several phosphate transporters genes whose expression differentiates normal from carcinoma samples, suggesting it might exert a major role in ovarian carcinomas. Immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data have also shown that 2 histologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma express particularly high levels of NaPi2b: serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas. Serous adenocarcinomas are the most frequent, contrasting with clear cell carcinomas, rare, and with worse prognosis. Conclusion: This identification of subgroups of patients expressing NaPi2b may be important in selecting cohorts who most likely should be included in future clinical trials, as a recently generated humanized version of MX35 has been developed.FINEPFINEPRecepta Biopharma, BrazilRecepta Biopharma, Brazi

A premenopausal woman with virilization secondary to an ovarian Leydig cell tumor

Background. A 33-year-old woman presented to an endocrinology clinic with a 5-year history of secondary amenorrhea. 2 years before presentation, she had noticed progressively worsening signs of virilization. Investigations. Measurement of levels of serum free and total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and gonadotropins; transvaginal ultrasonography, abdominal and pelvic MRI and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging. Diagnosis. Virilization secondary to an ovarian Leydig cell tumor. Management. The patient underwent a left salpingo-oophorectomy that confirmed the diagnosis of a unilateral Leydig cell tumor. Complete normalization of androgens and gonadotropin levels was achieved after surgery

Root canal preparation using micro-computed tomography analysis: a literature review

This literature review has critically analyzed the published research related to the biomechanical preparation of root canals with three-dimensional analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In December 2017, six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct) were accessed using keywords to find articles including the use of the micro-CT analysis in biomechanical root canal preparation. There were 60 full articles that were selected, which were screened and read by two authors. The research that was reviewed and analyzed included root canal anatomy and sample selection, changes in canal shape and untouched canal areas, canal transportation and centering ability, and kinematics (motion). Of the studies selected, 49.18% discussed anatomical characteristics, with 54.1% of these studies describing mesial roots of mandibular molars with moderate curvature. Only 35% used a stratified distribution based on root canal system morphology and quantitative data obtained by micro-CT. The analysis of canal transportation and centering ability showed that transport values in the apical third exceeded the critical limit of 0.3 mm in mesial roots of mandibular molars with moderate curvature, especially in the groups in which a reciprocating system was used. In relation to kinematics, 91.70% of the reviewed studies evaluated continuous rotating instruments, followed by reciprocating rotation (38.33%), vibratory (15%), and the adaptive kinematics, which was in only 8.33%. The reciprocating kinematics was associated with higher canal decentralization and transportation indexes, as well as a greater capacity for dentin removal and debris accumulation. This literature review showed that the anatomy, the type of design and kinematics of instruments, and the experimental design are factors that directly influence the quality of biomechanical preparation of root canals analyzed in a qualitative and quantitative manner by micro-CT.status: publishe

Structural versatility driven by the flexible di(4-pyridyl) sulfide ligand: from cobalt(II) single-ion magnets to sheet-like copper(II) weak antiferromagnets

The reaction between the ligand di(4-pyridyl)sulfide (dps) and two salts of divalent first row transition metals (M = Co2+, and Cu2+) resulted in three new compounds with formula: [Co(dps)(4)(H2O)(2)](ClO4)(2)center dot H2O (1), [Cu(dps)(2)(dmso)(2)](n)(ClO4)(2n) (2) and [{Cu(dps)(2)(dmso)(2)}{Cu(dps)(2)(dmso)(H2O)}](n)(ClO4)(4n)center dot 2nH(2)O center dot n(dmso) (3). Crystal structures of 1-3 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure of 1 consists of a mononuclear complex, in which the dps ligand acts in a monodentate mode through one of the pyridyl nitrogen atoms. Compounds 2 and 3 present the dps ligands bridging metal centers leading to bidimensional coordination polymers. Magnetic properties in the polycrystalline samples of 1-3 in the 300-2 K temperature range were investigated. Complex 1 exhibits a field-induced slow magnetization behavior and behaves as a single-ion magnet with an effective energy barrier for the reversal of magnetization of 22.9 (1.1) K and tau(0) = 5.3(1.2) x 10(-7) s.171203211CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP405199/2016-3; 309687/2018-7; 313068/2017-8Sem informaçãoPPM00508-16; PPM00523-162015/22379-

Developmental biology of melanocytes

Apart from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the blastocyst, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in vertebrate embryos represent the stem cell population in our body with the broadest developmental potential, generating most of the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as various nonneural cell types, such as smooth muscle cells in the outflow tract of the heart, craniofacial bone, and cartilage and, in particular, melanocytes in the skin. It is assumed that a third of all congenital birth defects are due to failures in neural crest development, illustrating the significance of this stem cell population. Moreover, processes underlying melanocyte development appear to be recapitulated, at least partially, during formation of melanoma, the most aggressive skin tumor. For instance, it has recently been shown that an embryonic NCSC gene expression signature is reactivated upon tumor initiation in a zebrafish model of melanoma, suggesting a functional involvement of a NCSC program in tumors originating from neural crest derivatives. Thus, to gain insights into melanoma biology, it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating NCSC and melanocyte development, as outlined in this chapter