Movimento Negro e Direito: em busca do exercício pleno da cidadania

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.Nessa via, destaca-se a atuação do movimento negro - englobando esse todas as entidades, grupos e organizações que militam contra o racismo - cuja origem é relatada através de um breve histórico, com caráter informativo.Outro objetivo central desse trabalho é promover uma reflexão entre as relações raciais e o Direito, procurando identificar a postura do Poder Judiciário ante a problemática racial, principalmente no que concerne à aplicação do princípio da igualdade e da concretização plena da cidadania do individuo negro

A física da radiação no ensino secundário

Este trabalho enquadra-se no curso de Mestrado em Ensino de Física e Química no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário e tem como objetivo a identificação de zonas de incidência de concentração de radão, superiores ao limite máximo permitido por lei, no interior da Escola Secundária Quinta das Palmeiras. As escolas são abrangidas pelo Decreto – Lei 79/2006, que regulamenta que as concentrações máximas de referência de poluentes no interior dos edifícios existentes abrangidos são 400 Bq/m3 para o gás radão, sendo a sua pesquisa obrigatória apenas em edifícios construídos em zonas graníticas, nomeadamente nos distritos de Braga, Vila Real, Porto, Guarda, Viseu e Castelo Branco. A Escola, escolhida para a realização do estudo, localiza-se na cidade da Covilhã, no distrito de Castelo Branco. Esta cidade está localizada, na encosta da Serra da Estrela, a cerca de 20 Km do ponto mais alto de Portugal Continental, a torre. A fim de se poder estudar a concentração de radão existente na escola, foram colocados detetores CR-39 em locais diferentes da escola, que estiveram expostos durante 59 dias. Uma vez que este trabalho foi realizado em ambiente escolar e com a colaboração dos alunos do Clube de Física e Química, para além do levantamento dosimétrico da Escola realizaram-se outras experiências relacionadas com o tema Radiação Ambiente, nomeadamente a repetição da experiência de Becquerel. Embora a Física Moderna seja uma presença constante no nosso quotidiano, os nossos currículos continuam a incidir preferencialmente na Física Clássica. Por este motivo pretendeu-se, também, fazer um levantamento do grau de conhecimento que a comunidade escolar tem sobre a Física das Radiações. Este estudo foi realizado através de um inquérito, constituído por várias questões relacionadas com os diferentes tipos de radiação, suas aplicações e medidas de segurança, aplicado na comunidade escolar. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados e analisados recorrendo a um programa de estatística Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), verificou-se que os conhecimentos nesta área são obscuros.This work is part of the Master Degree course in Teaching Physics and Chemistry in the 3rd Cycle of Basic and Secondary Education and aims the identification of areas of incidence of radon concentration, greater than the maximum allowed by law, within the School secondary Quinta das Palmeiras. Schools are covered by Decree - Law 79/2006, which regulates the maximum concentrations of pollutants reference within the existing buildings are covered 400 Bq/m3 for radon gas being your search is compulsory only in buildings constructed in granitic areas , particularly in the districts of Braga, Vila Real, Porto Guard, Viseu and Castelo Branco. The school chosen for the study, is located in Covilhã city, in the district of Castelo Branco. This city is located on the slope of the Serra da Estrela, about 20 Km from the highest point in mainland Portugal, the tower. In order to be able to study the concentration of the existing radon in the school, were placed CR39 detectors at different locations of the school, who were exposed for 59 days. Since this work was done in the school environment and in collaboration with the students of Physics and Chemistry Club, beyond the School dosimetric survey took place other experiences related to the topic Radiation Environment, including the repetition of the experience of Becquerel. Although Modern Physics is a constant presence in our daily lives, our curriculums continue to focus preferably in the Classical Physics. For this reason it was intended also to survey the degree of knowledge that the school community has on Radiation Physics. This study was conducted through a survey consisting of several issues related to the different types of radiation, its applications and security measures applied in the school community. The collected data were processed and analyzed using a statistical program: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), it was verified that the knowledge in this area are obscure

Caracterização mecânica e reforço de construções em alvenaria de adobe

O adobe é um dos materiais de construção tradicionais mais disseminados, sendo empregue com abundância em várias zonas do mundo. Estima-se que cerca de 30% da população mundial vive em edifícios de terra [1], grande parte dos quais em adobe. Em Portugal, especialmente na Beira Litoral, o adobe foi muito utilizado na construção até meados do século XX. Este material aparece em edifícios rurais e urbanos, muitos dos quais continuam, hoje em dia, habitados. Estima-se que na cidade de Aveiro 25% dos edifícios são de adobe e que, considerando todo o distrito, este número atinge os 40%. Vários dos edifícios urbanos têm associado um importante valor arquitectónico, patrimonial e histórico, destacando-se os de estilo Arte Nova. A terra é um material barato, reutilizável, disponível nas proximidades das obras, e está associada a métodos construtivos simples que exigem um reduzido consumo de energia. Este material tem, por isso, sido votado a um interesse crescente nos últimos anos. No entanto, a construção em adobe, se não for devidamente concebida e reforçada, poderá apresentar uma resposta deficiente quando sujeita a acções horizontais cíclicas, como as induzidas por sismos, sofrendo danos estruturais severos e atingindo até, frequentemente, o colapso. Neste trabalho serão apresentados resultados de investigação recente desenvolvida na Universidade de Aveiro no domínio da caracterização mecânica de blocos de adobe e de ensaios de avaliação do comportamento estrutural de paredes de alvenaria de adobe sujeitas a acções horizontais cíclicas. Também são apresentados os resultados de ensaios de soluções de reforço

The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001)

Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distribution common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run. This pattern is clearly associated with geographical factors. These variables seem to have more weight in explaining changes between 1877/78 and 1940 than in the period from 1940 to 2001. The observation of the cross-border region has shown that proximity to the frontier has not generated any distinct pattern of population density on either side of the boundary line. The spatial coherence of the observed phenomena throughout the Peninsula and of its evolution, independent of the border between states, reinforces the importance of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time, this verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national political and economic policies

Concepções do portador de leucemia mielóide aguda frente à fadiga

It is about a study with the objective of learning the conceptions of the patient holding Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) before the fatigue symptoms and their repercussions in his/her daily life as well as the actions performed in order to minimize the fatigue. It is a descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative character carried out with hospitalized patients. Eight (8) adult subjects with diagnosis of AML were interviewed. The data were analyzed according to the technique of content analysis. The results found led to the elaboration of three categories: Conceptions regarding fatigue, Change in the life Style and Actions performed in order to minimize the fatigue. The conclusion drawn is that it s possible identifying the dimension of the fatigue in the daily life of these patients and optimizing measures in order to minimize this symptom. We recommend that other studies be carried out in this field in order to improve the quality of life of the patients.Se trata de un estudio con el objetivo de conocer las concepciones del paciente portador de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA) ante los síntomas de la fatiga y sus repercusiones en su cotidiano así como las acciones realizadas para minimizar la fatiga. Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de carácter cualitativo y realizado con pacientes hospitalizados. Fueron entrevistados 8 sujetos adultos con el diagnóstico de LMA. Los datos fueron analizados según la técnica de análisis de contenido. De los resultados encontrados, emergieron tres categorías: Concepciones en relación a la fatiga, Cambio en el estilo de vida y Acciones realizadas para minimizar la fatiga. Concluimos que es posible identificar la dimensión de la fatiga en el cotidiano de estos pacientes y optimizar medidas para minimizar ese síntoma. Recomendamos que sean desarrollados otros estudios en esta área a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Trata-se de um estudo que objetivou conhecer as concepções do paciente portador de Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) frente aos sintomas da fadiga e suas repercussões no seu cotidiano bem como as ações realizadas para minimizar a fadiga. É um estudo exploratório descritivo de cunho qualitativo e realizado com pacientes hospitalizados. Foram entrevistados 8 sujeitos adultos com o diagnóstico de LMA. Os dados foram analisados conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Com os resultados encontrados, elaborou-se três categorias: Concepções em relação à fadiga, Mudança no estilo de vida e Ações realizadas para minimizar a fadiga. Concluimos que é possível identificar a dimensão da fadiga no cotidiano desses pacientes e otimizar medidas para minimizar esse sintoma. Recomendamos que sejam desenvolvidos outros estudos nessa área a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

Social support in the context of poverty: a study of the elderly with cognitive impairments and their family caregivers

Objective: To describe the structure and function of social support networks of elderly people with cognitive impairments who reside in the context of high social vulnerability, and their family caregivers. Method: The subjects were 33 elderly enrolled in Family Health Units that showed performance on the Mini Mental State Examination below the cutoff score in a previous study, and their 33 caregivers. We applied the Mini-Mental State Examination and Diagram Escort. All ethical guidelines were followed. Results: Both the elderly and caregivers relate social networks with similar characteristics. Caregivers, however, provide more support than the elderly. In both cases networks are numerous, however, few members providing or receiving support. Conclusion: The use of social networks as a therapeutic resource must be designed to establish the plan of care to the elderly

Identification of Brucella sp. isolated in Brazil from 1976 to 2013 by Bruce-Ladder PCR

Background: Brucella sp. are the causative agents of brucellosis, an infectious disease that affects various species of animals and can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, indirectly by the ingestion of rawmilk products, and during the handling of strains or infected material in the laboratory. Being a zoonosis, the detection of Brucella species in animals is essential for the prevention of the disease in humans and to perform a good program of control in infected herds. This study aimed at identifying Brucella field strains isolated from 1976 to 2013 in Brazil, using the modified Bruce-Ladder method, to evaluate the performance of this technique. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighty-three strains of Brucella sp. were included in the study, i.e. 21 reference strains (nine B. abortus, one B. canis, four B. melitensis, two B. ovis and five B. suis) and 62 field strains (six B. canis, one B. suis and 55 B. abortus). For the identification of the genus and/or species of Brucella, biochemical and physiological tests, including MacConkey-agar growth, glucose fermentation, haemolysis, catalase, oxidase and urease tests, nitrate reduction, citrate utilization, H2 S production and CO2 requirement, were performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures through heat-lysis of bacterial cultures and the genus was confirmed by a genus-specific PCR (bcsp31 target gene), before performing the modified Bruce-Ladder PCR for the confirmation of the Brucella species. No problems of specificity were observed with the Bruce-Ladder PCR. However, the 1,682 bp fragment was not systematically amplified, even after several modifications such as the concentration of mix components, annealing temperatures and time. Therefore, an individual PCR using primers specific to this fragment was needed for complete identification of some strains. Also, only one kind of Polymerase gave the best results. All Brucella reference strains and negative controls gave the expected results. All field strains previously identified as B. abortus, B. canis and B. suis by biochemical and physiological tests were confirmed by the modified Bruce-Ladder PCR. All isolated Brucella abortus presented a Bruce-Ladder PCR profile expected for field strains, excluding the vaccine strains. Discussion: The modified Bruce-Ladder PCR identified properly all Brucella species (reference and field strains) and proved to be a reliable technique, thus facilitating the identification of the species in the laboratory, reducing the manipulation of these bacteria and the associated danger. Albeit the difficulties of amplification of one fragment for some strains, when using the multiplex technique, this method is fast and without risks after inactivation of the strains. Most studies on animal brucellosis in Brazil were only based on serological tests without identification of the pathogen; while the knowledge of the particular species and/or biovars that occur in Brazil, as well as their distribution, is important to monitor the spread of Brucella among sensitive species and among farms. Our results showed also that B. abortus is still the predominant species isolated in cattle in Brazil. The knowledge of the species that occur in Brazil can help to identify the source of infection and the measures of control to be applied, while it is also very important to trace the dispersion of strains among farms

Quality of life in patients with stable coronary artery disease submitted to percutaneous, surgical, and medical therapies : a cohort study

Background: Clinical, surgical, and percutaneous strategies similarly prevent major cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The possibility that these strategies have differential effects on healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) has been debated, particularly in patients treated outside clinical trials. Methods: We assigned 454 patients diagnosed with CAD during an elective diagnostic coronary angiography to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or optimal medical treatment (OMT), and followed them for an average of 5.2 ± 1.5 years. HRQoL was assessed using a validated Brazilian version of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire. The association between therapeutic strategies and quality of life scores was tested using variance analysis and adjusted for confounders in a general linear model. Results: There were no differences in the mental component summary scores in the follow-up evaluation by therapeutic strategies: 51.4, 53.7, and 52.3 for OMT, PCI, and CABG, respectively. Physical component summary scores were higher in the PCI group than the CABG and OMT groups (46.4 vs. 42.9 and 43.8, respectively); however, these differences were no longer different after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: In a long-term follow-up of patients with stable CAD, HRQoL did not differ in patients treated by medical, percutaneous, or surgical treatments

Efecto del riego deficitario sobre la producción de Tiftón 85

Deficit irrigation consists of application of amounts of water less than plant requirements for satisfying water deficiencies of the crop, and this may maximize efficiency of water use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on production of Tifton 85 grass. The experiment was carried out on the Santa Helena Farm in the municipality of Bom Despacho, MG, Brazil. Five levels of irrigation were used as treatments (28%, 42%, 57%, 71%, and 85% of the crop coefficient value) in randomized blocks with three replications. The following variables were evaluated: dry matter production (kg ha-1), leaf/stem ratio, height (cm), dead plant material (%), leaf area index, leaf area ratio (m2 kg-1), leaf weight ratio (kg kg-1), and specific leaf area (m2 kg-1). A difference was observed for Tifton 85 production in which the greatest average yield (6126.35 kg ha-1) was obtained through application of 71% Kc. For the other characteristics, there was no difference for any of the variables evaluated.El riego deficitario consiste en la aplicación de láminas inferiores a las necesarias para satisfacer las deficiencias hídricas de un cultivo, además que puede maximizar la eficiencia en el uso del agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del riego deficitario en la producción del cultivo Tifton 85. El experimento fue realizado en la Hacienda Santa Helena situada en el municipio de Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais (MG) Brasil. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: cinco láminas de riego (28%, 42%, 57%, 71% y 85% del valor de coeficiente de cultivo) en bloques aleatorios con tres repeticiones. Fueron evaluadas las siguientes variables: producción de materia seca (kg ha-1), relación hoja/altura, altura (cm), materia muerta (%), índice de área foliar, relación de área foliar (m2 kg-1), relación de peso foliar (kg kg-1) y área foliar especifica (m2 kg-1). Se observó una diferencia en la producción de Tifton 85, donde el mayor promedio de producción (6126.35 kg ha-1) se obtuvo con la aplicación de las láminas 71% Kc. Para las demás características no hubo diferencia en ninguna de las variables estudiadas.Fil: Silva, Anita Cristina Costa da.Fil: Lima, Luiz Antonio.Fil: Almeida, Willian Fernandes de.Fil: Thebaldi, Michael Silveira.Fil: Silva, Antônio Carlos da

Effectiveness of clinical, surgical and percutaneous treatment to prevent cardiovascular events in patients referred for elective coronary angiography: an observational study

Purpose: To ascertain the most appropriate treatment for chronic, stable, coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients submitted to elective coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: A total of 814 patients included in the prospective cohort study were referred for elective coronary angiography and were followed up on average for 6±1.9 years. Main outcomes were all-cause death, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and late revascularization and their combinations as major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE): MACCE-1 included cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, and stroke; MACCE-2 was MACCE-1 plus late revascularization. Survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the association between the type of treatment and outcomes. Results: All-cause death was lower in participants submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (0.41, 0.16–1.03, P=0.057) compared to medical treatment (MT). Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) had an overall trend for poorer outcomes: cardiovascular death 2.53 (0.42–15.10), combined cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, and stroke 2.15 (0.73–6.31) and these events plus late revascularization (2.17, 0.86–5.49). The corresponding numbers for PCI were 0.27 (0.05–1.43) for cardiovascular death, 0.77 (0.32–1.84) for combined cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, and stroke and 2.35 (1.16–4.77) with the addition of late revascularization. These trends were not influenced by baseline blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and previous MI. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher risk of recurrent revascularization when submitted to PCI than CABG. Conclusion: Patients with confirmed CAD in elective coronary angiography do not have a better prognosis when submitted to CABG comparatively to medical treatment. Patients treated with PCI had a trend for the lower incidence of combined cardiovascular events, at the expense of additional revascularization procedures. Patients without significant CAD had a similar prognosis than CAD patients treated with medical therapy