12 research outputs found

    Geometrias finitas

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    Mestrado em MatemáticaNeste trabalho o objectivo principal é fazer um estudo das estruturas de incidência mais tradicionais na geometria finita: o plano afim, o plano projectivo e ainda uma abordagem ao espaço afim e ao espaço projectivo. Os conceitos introdutórios serão apresentados no primeiro capítulo. No segundo capítulo exibimos alguns resultados que caracterizam o plano afim e projectivo. Mostramos que todo o plano afim se pode obter de um plano projectivo e reciprocamente. Mostramos também que a existência de um plano afim (projectivo) de ordem n equivale à existência de um conjunto completo de quadrados latinos de ordem n. Estudamos alguns tipos de colineações do plano afim e projectivo, dando no plano projectivo uma maior importância às (C,l)-colineações, visto que a partir destas podemos construir algumas configurações, nomeadamente a configuração de Desargues. Mostramos que todo o plano projectivo finito admite várias configurações de Desargues mas, no entanto, nem todo o plano projectivo finito é um plano de Desargues. Finalmente fazemos uma abordagem ao plano de Möbius, no sentido de dar mais um exemplo de uma estrutura de incidência. No terceiro capítulo abordamos o plano projectivo e afim em termos algébricos. Introduzimos coordenadas nestas estruturas de incidência por dois processos diferentes. Mostramos que a partir de um corpo finito podemos obter um plano projectivo (afim) finito de Desargues e reciprocamente. Mostramos ainda que todo o plano projectivo de Pappus é um plano de Desargues, sendo o recíproco verdadeiro só no caso finito. No quarto capítulo fazemos um pequeno estudo do espaço projectivo e afim, que será visto como um espaço projectivo sem um hiperplano. Mostramos que, sendo S um espaço projectivo de dimensão d ? 3, S é um espaço projectivo de Desargues e todo o plano do espaço afim S\H, onde H é um hiperplano de S, é um plano de Desargues.The main aim of this work is to study more traditional incidence structures in finite geometry: the affine plane, the projective plane, and the affine and projective spaces. The introductory concepts will be presented in the first chapter. In the second chapter, some results that characterize the affine plane and the projective plane will be shown. It will be demonstrated that every affine plane can be obtained from a projective plane and vice-versa. It will also be demonstrated that the existence of an affine (projective) plane of order n is equivalent to the existence of a complete set of latin squares of order n. Several types of collineations of affine and projective planes will be studied, with a higher importance given in the projective plane to (C, l)-collineations, since they generate some configurations, for instance Desargues configuration. It will also be demonstrated that every finite projective plane allows several Desargues configurations, but not all finite projective planes are Desarguesian planes. Finally, the Möbius plane is analysed, to show yet another example of an incidence structure. In the third chapter, the projective and affine plane is analysed in algebraic terms. Coordinates are introduced in these incidences structure through two different processes. It will be shown that starting from a finite field it is possible to obtain a finite Desarguesian projective (affine) plane and vice-versa, and that every Pappian projective plane is a Desarguesian plane, while the opposite is true only in the finite case. In the fourth chapter, we will give a small study of the projective and affine space that will be considered as a projective space less a hyperplane. It will be demonstrated that being S a projective space with dimension d ? 3, S is a Desarguesian projective space and that every plane of an affine space S\H, where H is a hyperplane of S, is a Desarguesian plane

    INTERNAÇÕES HOSPITALARES POR TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS DEVIDO AO USO DE ÁLCOOL E SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS: UMA AVALIAÇÃO DE 2018 A 2023

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      Brazil has the highest rates of anxiety disorders and is fifth in cases of depression, which drives individuals to use alcohol and psychoactive substances as a mechanism to alleviate mental suffering. This study aims to analyze the clinical and epidemiological landscape of dengue cases in the Southeast region of Brazil from 2014 to 2023. It is a descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study based on data obtained from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH) at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The total number of hospitalizations for mental disorders associated with the use of alcohol and psychoactive substances in Brazil between 2018 and 2023 was 435,923. The South region had the highest number of cases (n=181,455), with the state of Rio Grande do Sul accounting for over 54.69% of these hospitalizations. The age group with the highest frequency of cases was 30 to 39 years, corresponding to 26.89% (n=117,234) of the cases. The sample was predominantly composed of male individuals, accounting for 81.15% (n=353,754) of the total. The most frequent race/color in the analyzed sample was white, representing 45.88% (n=200,010) of the cases. Most of the care provided was in an emergency setting, corresponding to 84.61% of the cases. The average length of stay was 20.4 days. During the analyzed period, there were 2,472 deaths, with the majority occurring in individuals aged 50 to 59 years, representing 24.91% of the total. The study revealed a growing trend in the number of cases, particularly among the younger population, which may lead to severe chemical dependency.O Brasil é o país que apresenta as maiores taxas de transtornos de ansiedade e o quinto em casos de depressão, o que leva os indivíduos a buscar o uso de álcool e substâncias psicoativas como mecanismo para aliviar o sofrimento mental. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o panorama clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de por transtorno mental associado ao uso de álcool e substâncias psicoativas no Brasil, entre 2018 e 2023. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo, com base em dados obtidos através do Sistema de Morbidade Hospitalar (SIH) no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). O total de internações por transtorno mental associado ao uso de álcool e substâncias psicoativas no Brasil, entre 2018 e 2023, foi de 435.923. A região Sul apresentou o maior número de casos (n=181.455), sendo o Rio Grande do Sul o estado responsável por mais de 54,69% dessas internações. A faixa etária com maior frequência de casos foi a de 30 a 39 anos, correspondendo a 26,89% (n=117.234) dos casos. A amostra foi, em sua maioria, composta por indivíduos do sexo masculino, correspondendo a 81,15% (n=353.754) do total. A cor/raça mais frequente na amostra analisada foi a branca, correspondendo a 45,88% (n=200.010) dos casos. A maioria dos atendimentos foi feita em caráter de urgência, correspondendo a 84,61% dos casos. A média de permanência foi de 20,4 dias de internação. Durante o período analisado, houve 2.472 óbitos, dos quais a maior parte eram indivíduos entre 50 e 59 anos, representando 24,91% do total. O estudo evidenciou um padrão de crescimento no número de casos, principalmente entre a população mais jovem, o que pode levar a uma grave dependência química.  

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

    Get PDF
    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    Nitrogen dynamics in soils cultivated with maize and fertilized with pig slurry

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    The proper disposal of pig manure is of great importance because, when mishandled, it can contaminate water resources. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen dynamics in a Cerrado Oxisol and its absorption, over time, by a maize crop managed with pig slurry associated with mineral fertilization (N P K). The study was conducted at a private farm, in the region of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The maize crop was able to recover 62% of the mineral nitrogen that entered the soil-plant system, while 9% leached as nitrate and, to a lesser amount, as ammonium. The maximum average content of nitrate and ammonium of 92 kg ha-1 and 43 kg ha-1, respectively, was observed in the 0 to 0.3 m soil layer during the early crop development stage. A minimum content of 5.8 kg ha-1 of nitrate and 9.0 kg ha-1 of ammonium, respectively, was measured at the end of the cycle. In addition, the nitrate content at that soil layer, at the end of the maize cycle, remained below the values measured at the native Cerrado, indicating that the agricultural use of the land poses no additional risk to the nitrate accumulation and leaching into the soil profile

    Avaliação temporal da quantidade e da qualidade físico-química e biológica das águas do ribeirão Espírito Santo

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    O objetivo do trabalho é realizar uma análise da quantidade e da qualidade físico-química e biológica das águas de um trecho doribeirão Espírito Santo, bem como avaliar a densidade e a riqueza das espécies fitoplanctônicas nas águas e quais nutrientes são determinantes na sua limitação. Foram realizadas 10 coletas ao longo de 5 anos em 3 pontosao longo da baciahidrográfica do ribeirão Espírito Santo.O ponto 1 se encontra em ambiente rural. O ponto 2 está situado após a captação de água da Estação de Tratamento de Água. O ponto 3 transpassa o Distrito Industrial de Juiz de Fora. O ponto 1 apresentou maior influência nos parâmetros físicos e químicos com o aumento da vazão do que os pontos 2 e 3. Fato esse que pode ser explicado pela contribuição do carreamento de compostos pelas chuvas. Algumas vazões medidas apresentaramvalores menores do que a Q7,10, revelando a importância da continuidade do monitoramento.O ponto 2 e 3 são influenciados pelos despejos de efluentes. Isso faz com que suas águas sejam nutricionalmente mais ricas do que o ponto 1, formando um ambiente favorável para adominância fitoplantônica. Ainda assim, o ponto 3 é o mais degradado, possuindo mais parâmetros em desconformidade com as normas

    ICNP® Nursing Diagnoses related to nutrition in the pediatric clinic: A cross-sectional study 

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    Objetivo: Identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem CIPE® relacionados à necessidade humana básica de nutrição na clínica pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na clínica pediátrica de um hospital público da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 91 participantes, entre crianças e adolescentes com período de internação superior a 24 horas. Resultado: Foi possível identificar os diagnósticos: Emagrecimento; Adesão ao Regime Dietético Eficaz; Comportamento Alimentar Infantil, Prejudicado; Apetite, Prejudicado; Obesidade; Amamentação Exclusiva; Amamentação Exclusiva Prejudicada; Problema de Peso Corporal; Sobrepeso; Adesão ao Regime Dietético Prejudicada e Condição Nutricional, Prejudicada. Conclusão: Dentre os diagnósticos, destacaram-se Apetite Eficaz; Comportamento Alimentar Infantil Eficaz; Padrão de Ingestão de Alimentos ou Líquidos Eficaz; Condição Nutricional Positiva e Capacidade para Alimentar-se. A elaboração dos diagnósticos relacionados à nutrição da criança e adolescente corrobora à construção de subconjuntos terminológicos, a fim de garantir a eficácia do cuidado.SimObjetivo: Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE® relacionados con la necesidad humana básica de nutrición en la clínica pediátrica. Método: Estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en la clínica pediátrica de un hospital público de la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba. La muestra estuvo formada por 91 participantes, niños y adolescentes con una estancia hospitalaria de más de 24 horas. Resultado: Fue posible identificar los diagnósticos: Pérdida de Peso; Adherencia al Régimen Alimentario Efectiva; Conducta Alimentaria Infantil, Alterada; Apetito Alterado; Obesidad; Lactancia Exclusiva; Lactancia Exclusiva Comprometida; Problema de Peso Corporal; Sobrepeso; Adherencia al Régimen Alimentario Comprometida y Condición Nutricional Deteriorada. Conclusión: entre los diagnósticos se destacó Apetito Efectivo; Conducta Alimentaria Infantil Efectiva; Patrón de Ingesta de Alimentos o Líquidos Efectivo; Estado Nutricional Positivo y Capacidad para Alimentarse. La elaboración de diagnósticos relacionados con la nutrición infantil y adolescente coincide con la construcción de subconjuntos terminológicos, a fin de asegurar la efectividad del cuidado.Objective: To identify the ICNP® Nursing Diagnoses related to the basic human need for nutrition in the pediatric clinic. Method: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in the pediatric clinic of a public hospital in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. The sample consisted of 91 participants, including children and adolescents with a hospital stay of more than 24 hours. Result: It was possible to identify the following diagnoses: Weight loss; Adherence to the Effective Dietary Regime; Infant Feeding Behavior, Impaired; Appetite, Impaired; Obesity; Exclusive Breastfeeding; Impaired Exclusive Breastfeeding; Body Weight Problem; Overweight; Impaired Adherence to Diet; and Nutritional Condition, Impaired. Conclusion: The following stood out among the diagnoses: Effective Appetite; Effective Infant Feeding Behavior; Effective Food or Fluid Intake Pattern; Positive Nutritional Status; and Ability to Feed. Elaboration of the diagnoses related to child and adolescent nutrition corroborates the construction of terminology subsets, in order to ensure care effectiveness

    Comparação das Curvas de Crescimento em Caprinos Saanen e ⅞ Boer x Saanen

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    Biometric measures of young male and female goats were used to establish growth curves. Forty-nine females (24 Saanen and 25 of ⅞ Boer breeding), and 29 males (14 and 15, respectively), were evaluated from birth to weaning. They received colostrum the first two days of life, 1.5 L of milk twice daily from 3 to 45 d and 1.5 L once daily from 46 to 60 d; and starting at 5 d, Tífton grass hay ad libitum and 100 g daily of concentrates. The kids were weighed weekly and measured for body dimensions biweekly. Age was related to body weight and measurements by simple linear regressions. The growth curves of both breed groups were similar, but the numerical values of the Saanen females were significantly greater than those of the ⅞ Boer and the same was true of males of the two breed groups. Comparing males vs. females of both genetic types, the behaviour of the curves was similar, but males tended to have higher values. It is concluded that the growth curves obtained from body measures and weights can be used to follow bodily growth in goats of different breed groups and sexes.. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo a utilização de parâmetros biométricos de caprinos jovens, machos e fêmeas, das raças Saanen e ⅞ Boer para elaboração de curvas de crescimento. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal. Foram utilizadas 155 fêmeas, (110 Saanen e 45 da raça ⅞ Boer), e 180 machos, (130 da raça Saanen e 50 da raça ⅞ Boer), avaliados do nascimento ao desaleitamento. Os animais foram semanalmente pesados e quinzenalmente foram aferidas medidas biométricas. As idades ao desmame foram associadas aos pesos e valores biométricos através de regressões lineares simples. As curvas de crescimento apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes entre si, embora os valores numéricos obtidos nas cabritas Saanen sejam maiores que os obtidos nas cabritas ⅞ Boer. Esse mesmo comportamento foi observado nos machos de ambas raças. Comparando machos e fêmeas, observou-se que o comportamento das curvas é semelhante, tendo os machos valores mais elevados. Pode-se concluir que a curva de crescimento pode ser representada a partir de medidas biométricas e pesagens rotineiras, permitindo o acompanhamento do crescimento corporal
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