Type-2 Fuzzy Entropy-Sets

The final goal of this study is to adapt the concept of fuzzy entropy of De Luca and Termini to deal with Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. We denote this concept Type-2 Fuzzy Entropy-Set. However, the construction of the notion of entropy measure on an infinite set, such us [0, 1], is not effortless. For this reason, we first introduce the concept of quasi-entropy of a Fuzzy Set on the universe [0, 1]. Furthermore, whenever the membership function of the considered Fuzzy Set in the universe [0, 1] is continuous, we prove that the quasi-entropy of that set is a fuzzy entropy in the sense of De Luca y Termini. Finally, we present an illustrative example where we use Type-2 Fuzzy Entropy-Sets instead of fuzzy entropies in a classical fuzzy algorithm

Effect of deformation sequence and coiling conditions on precipitation strengthening in high Ti-Nb-microalloyed steels

In this work, multipass torsion tests followed by coiling simulations under different conditions have been performed with a reference Nb (0.03 pct) and a high Ti (0.1 pct)-Nb-microalloyed (0.03 pct) steel. In the case of the high Ti steel, estimated yield strengths close to or over 700 MPa were obtained for some of the conditions researched. However, a very significant effect of previous austenite grain size and strain accumulation on precipitation strengthening has also been observed. As a result, depending on deformation sequence and final cooling conditions, the coiling simulation temperatures that lead to the highest mechanical strength varied from 600 degrees C to 500 degrees C. The effect of increasing strain accumulation was mainly related to higher phase transformation temperatures, which led to a lower driving force for precipitation and higher microalloying element diffusivity, resulting in the formation of less and coarser precipitates

Humoral immune response in hens naturally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis against outer membrane proteins and other surface structural antigens

A simple procedure for obtaining surface exposed antigens of Salmonella Enteritidis is described. A heat treatment of whole bacteria in saline solution induced the release of small membrane vesicles containing outer membrane components as well as surface appendage components, such as fimbriae and flagellin. The characterization of the structural components of this extract, called HE, was established by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies. Five major groups of proteins were identified: flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF21 and SEF14 fimbriae. The immunogenicity of these proteins was studied by immunoblotting with serum samples from naturally infected hens. Flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF14 and SEF21 fimbriae were immunogenic in the S. Enteritidis infected hens (frequency of reactants: 47.3, 97.3, 64.7, 50.0 and 60.8%, respectively); porins also reacted with sera from non infected hens (66.7%). The immunogenicity of these antigens in infected birds provide promise that they may serve as components of an effective subcellular vaccine for poultry salmonellosis

Free and smooth boundaries in 2-D finite-difference schemes for transient elastic waves

A method is proposed for accurately describing arbitrary-shaped free boundaries in single-grid finite-difference schemes for elastodynamics, in a time-domain velocity-stress framework. The basic idea is as follows: fictitious values of the solution are built in vacuum, and injected into the numerical integration scheme near boundaries. The most original feature of this method is the way in which these fictitious values are calculated. They are based on boundary conditions and compatibility conditions satisfied by the successive spatial derivatives of the solution, up to a given order that depends on the spatial accuracy of the integration scheme adopted. Since the work is mostly done during the preprocessing step, the extra computational cost is negligible. Stress-free conditions can be designed at any arbitrary order without any numerical instability, as numerically checked. Using 10 grid nodes per minimal S-wavelength with a propagation distance of 50 wavelengths yields highly accurate results. With 5 grid nodes per minimal S-wavelength, the solution is less accurate but still acceptable. A subcell resolution of the boundary inside the Cartesian meshing is obtained, and the spurious diffractions induced by staircase descriptions of boundaries are avoided. Contrary to what occurs with the vacuum method, the quality of the numerical solution obtained with this method is almost independent of the angle between the free boundary and the Cartesian meshing.Comment: accepted and to be published in Geophys. J. In

A report on the nonlinear squeezed states and their non-classical properties of a generalized isotonic oscillator

We construct nonlinear squeezed states of a generalized isotonic oscillator potential. We demonstrate the non-existence of dual counterpart of nonlinear squeezed states in this system. We investigate statistical properties exhibited by the squeezed states, in particular Mandel's parameter, second-order correlation function, photon number distributions and parameter $A_3$ in detail. We also examine the quadrature and amplitude-squared squeezing effects. Finally, we derive expression for the $s$-parameterized quasi-probability distribution function of these states. All these information about the system are new to the literature.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math. Theo

Incidencia de bajas dosis de N, P Y S sobre el rendimiento de cebolla Valenciana (Variedad sintética 14)

During the growing season of 1988/89 a trial was held in the large vegetable experimental field at the Agronomy Faculty of the University of La Pampa, under square latin design 5 x 5. Fertilizers of N, P and S were applied to the Synthetical Variety 14 of Valenciana onion. The main objective was to determine the influence of N and its interaction of P and S upon final yield. The fertilizars were: Urea; H(NH4)2 PO4 + Urea; (NH4)2 SO4 +Urea; (NH4)2 SO4 +H(NH4)2 PO4 +Urea and tester. All doses were adjust in such manner all plots had the same amount on N, in order to compare its effects. Highly significantive differences were observed between treatments. With respect to entire plant's weight expose to the air, T2 overcame significantly to Tc and T1. Calcium, Magnesium, phosphorus, crude protein and water contens were analyzed in lab and the results are considered normal. According to the results obtained in the current trial, it might be suggested to fertilize onion with compounds including N and Pinto their composition.En el ciclo 1988/89 se realizó en la Huerta Experimental de la Fac. de Agron. de la UNLPam, un ensayo en cuadrado latino 5 x 5, de aplicaci6n de fertilizantes con N, P Y S, en cultivo de "cebollas" variedad sintética 14. El objetivo fue constatar la incidencia del N y su interacción con el P y S sobre el rendimiento del cultivo. Los fertilizantes empleados fueron: Urea; H (NH4)2 PO4 +Urea; (NH4) 2 SO4 +Urea; (NH4) SO4 +H(NH4)2 PO4 +Urea y testigo. En todos los casos las dosis se ajustaron de tal manera que, todas las parcelas en que se aplicaron fertilizantes, vieran la misma cantidad de N para poder comparar sus efectos. En cuanto a los rendimientos de los tratamientos si se observaron diferencias significativas". Respecto al peso planta entera oreada, T2 superó significativamente a TO y T1. También se analizó en laboratorio al contenido de calcio, magnesio, fósforo, proteína cruda y agua siendo sus valores normales. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos en el presente ensayo se aconsejaría fertilizar la cebolla con compuestos que tengan N y P en su composición

Spiked oscillators: exact solution

A procedure to obtain the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of a quantum spiked oscillator is presented. The originality of the method lies in an adequate use of asymptotic expansions of Wronskians of algebraic solutions of the Schroedinger equation. The procedure is applied to three familiar examples of spiked oscillators

Productive performance and carcass characteristics of New Zealand white and California rabbits and their crosses

Objective: Evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics as well as the individual and maternal heterosis effects of New Zealand White (NZB), California (CA) rabbits and their crosses. Design/methodology/approach: 450 offspring rabbits, from 48 females mated to 6 stud rabbits, were evaluated, recording the weight and litter size at birth (TCN) and at weaning (TCD), and weight (PMS), gain (GMD), consumption (CMS), and feed conversion (CONV) during 8 weeks post-weaning. The carcass live weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight with head, carcass yield and parts of the carcass were evaluated. Results: Showed differences (p <0.05) in TCN and TCD with values of 10.47 and 9.03 kits, respectively. When NZB was used as the paternal breed, obtaining an individual heterosis of 5.91% for litter size and 12.44% for weaning weight. In the productive performance and carcass characteristics, the superiority of California breed as paternal breed was evidenced, with average values of 36.05 g in GMD and 2.95 kg in CONV. The average individual weight at the end of the fattening, at 70 days of age, was 2.09 kg and the weight of the carcass 1.16 kg. Post-weaning heterosis for the characteristics evaluated during fattening were positive and moderate. Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out genetic improvement studies, with different crossing systems and to evaluate results based on the productive and reproductive behavior. Findings/conclusions: in reproductive characteristics, when using NZB as paternal breed, the offspring are superior to those obtained from CA; while in the productive variables the offspring from CA show superior results.Objective: Evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics as well as the individual and maternal heterosis effects of New Zealand White (NZB), California (CA) rabbits and their crosses.Design/methodology/approach: 450 offspring rabbits, from 48 females mated to 6 stud rabbits, were evaluated, recording the weight (PNC) and litter size at birth (TCN) and at weaning (TCD), as well as, and weight (PMS), weight gain (GMD), consumption (CMS), and feed conversion (CONV) for during 8 weeks post-weaning. The carcass live weight at slaughter, warm carcass weight with head, carcass yield, and carcass parts of the carcass were evaluated.Results: Showed differences (p <0.05) in TCN and TCD with values of 10.47 and 9.03 kits, respectively. When NZB was used as the paternal breed, obtaining an individual heterosis of 5.91% for litter size and 12.44% for weaning weight. In the productive performance and carcass characteristics, the superiority of the California breed as a paternal breed was evidenced, with average values of 36.05 g in GMD and 2.95 kg in CONV. The averageindividual weight at the end of the fattening, at 70 days of age, was 2.09 kg and the weight of the carcass 1.16 kg. Post-weaning heterosis for the characteristics evaluated during fattening was were positive and moderate.Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out genetic improvement studies, with different crossing systems and to evaluate results based on the productive and reproductive behavior.Findings/conclusions: in reproductive characteristics, when using NZB as apaternal breed, the offspring are superior to those obtained from CA; while inthe productive variables, the offspring from CA show superior results

Medir el potencial hídrico: cuándo, dónde y por qué?

A pesar de que existe un consenso en que la medida del potencial hídrico es muy representativa del estado hídrico de la planta, existen algunas discrepancias sobre cómo y a qué hora del día se deben realizar estas mediciones para obtener informació