8 research outputs found

    A CRITICAL REVIEW ON AVALEHA KALPANA

    Get PDF
    Avaleha is the most common secondary Kalpana (dosage form) which has been employed in various disorders and this product is gaining popularity due to its easy administration, palatability and longer shelf life. It is a semisolid preparation of herbal drugs prepared in decoction or extracts of different herbs by adding sweetening agents like jaggery, sugar or sugar candy. The component drugs which are used in the preparation of Avaleha are aqueous medium, substrate, Oushada dravyas, lipid medium, additives etc. By analyzing consistency of various Avaleha varies from freely-flowing, paste-like, semisolid and granular, which depends upon the substrate and Oushada churna ratio. Avaleha can be compared to confections because both contains essential ingredients as sugar and water and optional ingredients as edible oils, honey, flours, starches, edible salts etc. Avaleha are intend to provide better drug absorption through the oral cavity along with absorption through villi. The literature related to Avaleha has been surveyed from various Ayurvedic literatures, journals, Ayurvedic Formulary of India etc. and presented briefly here. Here we have discussed the information regarding Avaleha like ingredients, method of preparation, Avaleha paka lakshana, non-conformances related to Avaleha production, comparison between Avaleha and confections and absorption

    Investigations on the liquid crystalline phases of cation-induced condensed DNA

    Get PDF
    Viral and nonviral condensing agents are used in gene therapy to compact oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA into nanostructures for their efficient transport through the cell membranes. Whereas viral vectors are best by the toxic effects on the immune system, most of the nonviral delivery vehicles are not effective for use in clinical system. Recent investigations indicate that the supramolecular organization of DNA in the condensed state is liquid crystalline. The present level of understanding of the liquid crystalline phase of DNA is inadequate and a thorough investigation is required to understand the nature, stability, texture and the influence of various environmental conditions on the structure of the phase. The present study is mainly concerned with the physicochemical investigations on the liquid crystalline transitions during compaction of DNA by cationic species such as polyamines and metallic cations. As a preliminary to the above investigation, studies were conducted on the evolution of mesophase transitions of DNA with various cationic counterion species using polarized light microscopy. These studies indicated significant variations in the phase behaviour of DNA in the presence of Li and other ions. Apart from the neutralization of the charges on the DNA molecule, these ions are found to influence selectively the hydration sphere of DNA that in turn influences the induction and stabilization of the LC phases. The higher stability observed with the liquid crystalline phases of Li-DNA system could be useful in the production of nanostructured DNA. In the case of the polyamine, a structural specificity effect depending on the nature, charge and structure of the polyamine used has been found to be favoured in the crystallization of DNA

    Investigations on the cation induced liquid crystalline phases of high molecular weight DNA

    No full text
    Liquid Crystalline DNA is emerging as an active area of research, due to its potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from nanoelectronics to therapeutics. Since, counter ion neutralization is an essential requirement for the expression of LC DNA, and the present level of understanding on the LC phase behavior of high molecular weight DNA is inadequate, a thorough investigation is required to understand the nature and stability of these phases under the influence of various cationic species. The present study is, therefore mainly focused on a comparative investigation of the effect of metal ions of varying charge, size, hydration and binding modes on the LC phase behavior of high molecular weight DNA. The main objectives of the works are investigations on the induction and stabilization of LC phases of high molecular weight DNA by alkali metal ions, investigations on the induction and stabilization of LC phases of high molecular weight DNA by alkaline earth metal ions, effects of multivalent, transition and heavy metal ions on the LC phase behavior of high molecular weight DNA and investigations on spermine induced LC behavior of high molecular weight DNA in the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. The critical DNA concentration (CD) required for the expression of LC phases, phase transitions and their stability varied considerably when the binding site of the metal ions changed from phosphate groups to the nitrogenous bases of DNA, with Li+ giving the highest stability. Multiple LC phases with different textures, sometimes diffused and unstable or otherwise mainly distinct and clear, were observed on mixing metal ions with DNA solutions, which in turn depended on the charge, size, hydration factor, binding modes, concentration of the metal ions and time. Molecular modeling studies on binding of selected metal ions to DNA supported the experimental finding

    Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Vatavidhvamsana Rasa

    Get PDF
    Vatavidhvamsana rasa (VVR) is a well-known herbo-mineral formulation explained in classical ayurvedic text Yogaratnakara and also quoted in Ayurveda Formulary of India (AFI) and is mainly indicated for Vatika disorders. There is a lack of data regarding the standardization of pharmaceutical process and analytical profile of VVR. Aim: To prepare vatavidhvamsana rasa and analyze it using various physicochemical parameters. Materials and methods: Total three batches of Vatavidhvamsana Rasa was prepared as per the classical method explained in the reference to evaluate the standard procedure. During the pharmaceutical process, all ingredients were mixed thoroughly and triturated thirty times with ten bhavana drugs for an average of 90 hours. The pharmaceutical and analytical parameters were completed and the data was recorded. Results: Three batches of Vatavidhvamsana Rasa after preparation showed an average increase of 12.93% yield. Pharmacognostical evaluation showed the presence of the ingredients used. Average values of physicochemical parameters of Vatavidhvamsana Rasa were as follows: loss on drying 6.19, pH 7, total ash value 36.46, acid insoluble ash 7.16, water soluble extractive value 17.24, alcohol soluble extractive value 7.13.  HPTLC of Vatavidhvamsana Rasa revealed a total of 11 and 12 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm. Conclusion: Data generated from pharmaceutical, analytical studies and HPTLC can be used to develop a preliminary standard profile for the formulation Vatavidhvamsana Rasa

    Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial therapeutics: current perspectives and future challenges

    No full text
    corecore