CALLOS EMBRIOGÉNICOS INDUCIDOS POR ÁCIDO NAFTALENACÉTICO Y 6-BENCILAMINO PURINA EN HOJAS DE Carica papaya L.

El papayo (Carica papaya L.) se desarrolla en todas las áreas tropicales del mundo y se consume principalmente como fruta fresca, en postre o ensalada. Con esta demanda es necesario masificar su siembra y producción y la micropropagación in vitro junto con   la embriogénesis somática nos va a permitir obtener volúmenes de producción superiores en un corto tiempo. Previo a la obtención de embriones somáticos se debe conocer la capacidad de respuesta del explante, por ello el objetivo de este trabajo fue inducir callos embriogénicos en hojas de C. papaya utilizando ácido naftalenacético (ANA) y 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP). Se utilizaron secciones de hojas jóvenes de un centímetro cuadrado aproximadamente, introducidas en medio de cultivo M & S y suplementado con ocho diferentes combinaciones de ANA y BAP. A los 80 días se evaluaron las características de los callos embriogénicos y los cambios que se producían en los tejidos mediante cortes histológicos. Los resultados mostraron que, en todas las combinaciones, excepto el tratamiento uno (1 BAP y 0.5 ANA), hubo inducción de callos embriogénicos con tejidos desarrollando a meristemoides.  Se concluye que, la concentración que promovió la mayor inducción de callos embriogénicos fue la de 1 ppm de ANA y 1 ppm de BAP. Palabras clave: Carica papaya, callos embriogénicos, ácido naftalenacético (ANA), 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP).   Abstract The papaya (Carica papaya L.) develops in all the tropical areas of the world and is consumed mainly as fresh fruit, in dessert or salad. With this demand, it is necessary to massify their sowing and production and in vitro micropropagation together with somatic embryogenesis will allow us to obtain higher production volumes in a shorter time. Therefore, the objective of this work was to induce somatic embryos in C. papaya leaves using naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Sections of young leaves of approximately one square centimeter, introduced in M ​​& S culture medium and supplemented with eight different combinations of NAA and BAP were used. After 30 days, the characteristics of the embryogenic callus and the changes that were produced in the tissues were evaluated by histological sections. The results showed that in all combinations, except treatment one (1 BAP and 0.5 NAA), there was induction of embryogenic callus with tissues developing meristemoids. It is concluded that the concentration that promoted the highest induction of somatic embryogenesis was 1 ppm of NAA and 1 ppm of BAP. Key words: Carica papaya, somatic embryogenesis, naphtalenacetic acid (NAA), 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP)

Angiosome study of the first digital feet space, for reconstruction of the digital tip

Background: The concept of angiosome explains the anatomical variations that exist between the vessels of different regions of the body and helps to understand the contributions of arterial blood supply to the skin and adjacent structures, dividing the human body into three-dimensional vascular blocks.Methods: This was an observational and descriptive study. In both lower extremities of 5 corpses with adequate tissue preservation in the operating room attached to the teaching area of the National Institute of Forensic Sciences in Mexico City. Angiosome study of the medial neurocutaneous flap of the second toe of both feet was performed.Results: The average, in centimeters, of the surface of the flaps was 1.57 cm x 2.47 cm, the average diameter of the inter-metatarsal digital artery was 1.1 millimeters and the average diameter of the veins draining the angiosome was 1.4 millimeters. The most constant anatomy was that of the nerve, which was present in all cases, with the digital nerve forming the neurosome of the flap.Conclusions: To obtain optimal results in microsurgery transfers, it is necessary to have a technique that is quick for harvesting the flap and with adequate systematization so as not to injure the neurovascular bundle, this is achieved through complete anatomical knowledge, without forgetting the main variants

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity over time of GuttaFlow Bioseal and AH Plus.

The sealers' antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Enterococcus faecalis were evaluated by direct contact test (DCT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively, after 1 day, and 1 and 4 weeks of aging. Cell viability was determined by adenosin triphosphate (ATP) assay after DCT. The parameters evaluated for the antibiofilm property were total biovolume and percentage of green cells in E.faecalis biofilms. The data from the bioluminescence ATP assay as well as the total biovolume and green percentage were analyzed by non-parametric tests, Kruskal-Wallis for global comparison and Kolmogorov-Smirnov for each two variables. Results of the DCT and CLSM for all parameters evaluated show that the antimicrobial activity of AH Plus decreased over time, whereas GuttaFlow Bioseal had an opposite property, increasing its antibacterial activity as the material aged

Knowledge Management in the Esports Industry: Sustainability, Continuity, and Achievement of Competitive Results

The increasing popularity and exponential growth of esports as a worldwide phenomenon has created a whole new industry with important implications for the different key players in the value chain. The digitalization process, which accelerated after the global spread of COVID-19, has introduced a collection of exciting changes to content production and delivery, with the Internet as its fundamental pillar. Knowledge management in successful esports organizations can be associated with their sustainability, continuity, and achievement of long-lasting competitive results in this industry. From a descriptive standpoint, this paper aims to analyze the determinants that have advanced the esports industry, especially in Spain. To achieve this goal, a SWOT analysis is carried out to highlight the keys that have developed this industry. This research contributes to studying the economic impact and the strategies organizations should follow to guarantee their future. Recommendations for both the industry and public administrations are further discussed

Screening for HTLV-1 infection should be expanded in Europe

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is spreading globally at an uncertain speed. Sexual, mother-to-child, and parenteral exposure are the major transmission routes. Neither vaccines nor antivirals have been developed to confront HTLV-1, despite infecting over 10 million people globally and causing life-threatening illnesses in 10% of carriers. It is time to place this long-neglected disease firmly into the 2030 elimination agenda. Current evidence supports once-in-life testing for HTLV-1, as recommended for HIV, hepatitis B and C, along with targeted screening of pregnant women, blood donors, and people who attended clinics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Similar targeted screening strategies are already being performed for Chagas disease in some Western countries in persons from Latin America. Given the high risk of rapid-onset HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, universal screening of solid organ donors is warranted. To minimize organ wastage, however, the specificity of HTLV screening tests must be improved. HTLV screening of organ donors in Europe has become mandatory in Spain and the United Kingdom. The advent of HTLV point-of-care kits would facilitate testing. Finally, increasing awareness of HTLV-1 will help those living with HTLV-1 to be tested, clinically monitored, and informed about transmission-preventive measures

HTLV-1 infection among Latin American pregnant women living in Spain

Objectives Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) antenatal screening is not mandatory in Spain. Surveys conducted decades ago reported HTLV-1 seroprevalence rates of 0.2% among foreign pregnant women in Spain. The migrant flow to Spain from HTLV-1 endemic regions in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa has increased during the last decade. Currently, 25% of pregnant women in Spain are foreigners. Methods From January 2021 to October 2023 a cross-sectional study was carried out in all consecutive pregnant women attended at eleven Spanish clinics. A commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used for screening of serum HTLV-1/2 antibodies. Reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblot. Results A total of 9813 pregnant women with a median age of 34 years-old were examined. Native Spaniards were 6977 (76.5%). Of 2147 foreigners (23.5%), 903566 (9.9%) were Latin Americans, 416 (4.5%) North Africans, 293 (3.2%) from Romania, and 196 (2.1%) from sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 47 samples were EIA reactive but only five were confirmed as HTLV-1 positive using immunoblot. Infected women came from Paraguay, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Peru. All but one were primigravida, with ages ranging from 20 to 33 years-old. One was HIV-1 positive, and another was infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion The overall seroprevalence for HTLV-1 among pregnant women in Spain is 0.05% but rises ten-fold (0.55%) among Latin Americans. This rate is higher than in surveys conducted decades ago. Our results support that anti-HTLV testing should be part of antenatal screening in Spain in pregnant women coming from Latin America, as it is already done with Chagas disease

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS