Primary Cicatricial Alopecias: A Review of Histopathologic Findings in 38 Patients from a Clinical University Hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Scarring alopecias are classified into primary and secondary types according to the initial site of inflammation. In primary scarring alopecias, the hair follicle is the main target of destruction; the term secondary cicatricial alopecia implies that follicular destruction is not the primary pathologic event. AIMS: To review the histopathologic diagnoses of cases of cicatricial alopecia in order to classify them according to the North American Hair Research Society. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with biopsy specimens diagnosed as cicatricial alopecia seen from 2000 to 2005 at the Dermatologic Department of Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo University Medical School had hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff and Weigert stained slides reevaluated and sub-typed into different primary cicatricial alopecias. RESULTS: Thirty-eight cases of primary cicatricial alopecias were reclassified as: chronic cutaneous lupus (17), lichen planus pilaris (4), pseudopelade of Brocq (12), folliculitis decalvans (3), dissecting folliculitis (1), and non-specific scarring alopecia (1). In our cases, the methods employed allowed an accurate diagnosis in 12 of 13 cases (92.3%) previously classified as non-specific cicatricial alopecias. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the late, pauci or non-inflammatory phases, an approach with systematic evaluation of a constellation of criteria in routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, Periodic acid-Schiff and Weigert stain allowed for a more accurate diagnosis of cicatricial alopecias

Perfil epidemiológico da Covid-19 em um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo

Since the description of the first cases of Covid-19 in China in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the globe. In Brazil, the first case was described in late February 2020, in the state of São Paulo, becoming the first country in South America to notify a case of Covid-19. The disease spread quickly through the interior of the country, reaching all cities in a short time. In Catanduva, a medium-sized city in the northwest region of São Paulo, the first cases were identified at the end of March 2020. This study aims to demonstrate some epidemiological aspects of the behavior of the pandemic in a medium-sized municipality from Sao Paulo. METHOD: descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained on the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and residing in the city of Catanduva, from March to December 2020. Data were obtained from the e-SUS and Information System of the Epidemiological Surveillance (SIVEP), provided by the Municipal Health Department. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of Centro Universitário Padre Albino with protocol number 4,871,572. RESULTS: In the selected period, 5705 cases of Covid-19 were reported, with 5122 classified as mild cases and 583 as severe cases (SRAG). Among the severe cases, 186 evolved to death. The mean age were different when comparing the groups, with the most severe cases showing higher means. Females predominated in mild cases and males in severe cases and deaths. The most frequent symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea and odynophagia. Comorbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity and lung disease were more frequent, especially among severe cases and deaths. Among hospitalized patients, the death rate was 32.1%. This rate increases to 50.5% for patients who required intensive care and to 79.2% for patients who required orotracheal intubation. CONCLUSION: The results presented in the present study are in accordance with the findings in the literature and demonstrate the impact the pandemic has had on the health of the population.Desde a descrição dos primeiros casos de Covid-19 na China em dezembro de 2019, a doença se espalhou rapidamente por todo o globo. No Brasil o primeiro caso foi descrito no final de fevereiro de 2020, no estado de São Paulo, tornando-se o primeiro país da América do Sul a notificar um caso de Covid-19. Rapidamente a doença se disseminou pelo interior do país, atingindo em pouco tempo praticamente todas as cidades. Em Catanduva, cidade de médio porte da região noroeste paulista, os primeiros casos foram identificados no final do mês de março de 2020. Esse estudo tem o objetivo de demonstrar alguns aspectos epidemiológicos do comportamento da pandemia em um município de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo transversal. Foram obtidos dados sobre o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com Covid-19 e residentes na cidade de Catanduva, no período de março a dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram obtidos dos bancos de dados e-SUS e Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica (SIVEP), fornecidos pela Secretaria de Saúde do município. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (CEP) do Centro Universitário Padre Albino com número do protocolo 4.871.572. RESULTADOS: No período selecionado, foram notificados 5705 casos de Covid-19, sendo 5122 classificados como casos leves e 583 como casos graves (SRAG). Dentre os casos graves 186 evoluíram para óbito. A média de idade e a mediana foram diferentes na comparação entre os grupos, com os casos mais graves mostrando médias mais altas. Sexo feminino predominou nos casos leves e o masculino nos casos graves e óbitos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram febre, tosse, dispneia e odinofagia. Comorbidades como cardiopatias, diabetes, obesidade e pneumopatias foram mais frequentes principalmente entre os casos graves e óbitos. Dentre os pacientes internados a taxa de óbito foi de 32,1%. Essa taxa aumenta para 50,5% para os pacientes que necessitaram de terapia intensiva e para 79,2% para os pacientes que necessitaram de intubação orotraqueal. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados apresentados no presente estudo se mostraram em conformidade com os achados na literatura e demonstraram o impacto que a pandemia causou e tem causado na saúde da população

Description of Culicoides lisicarruni (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a new species from Cundinamarca, Colombia

A new species of Culicoides of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas from high altitudes of the Andes in Colombia is described and photographied. The species is compared with its similar congener Culicoides marinkellei Wirth & Lee. Data on the collecting site and notes on the species daily activity are also provided.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

ÁRVORES, PALMEIRAS E CICAS DE QUATRO PRAÇAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE JAÚ, SP

A arborização urbana exerce um papel fundamental no contexto urbano, podendo trazer diversos benefícios, mas não tem sido encarada como prioridade na maioria das cidades, que não apresentam planejamento de sua arborização. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo objetivou inventariar as espécies de árvores, palmeiras e cicas encontradas em quatro praças localizadas no Município de Jaú, além de averiguar a origem de cada uma, suas abundâncias e frequências. Para isso, todos os indivíduos arbóreos encontrados nas Praças Francisco Pinto, João Paulo II, Ângelo Grizzo e da Escola Técnica Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral foram inventariados durante os anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram encontrados 760 indivíduos de 107 espécies distribuídas em 38 famílias e 85 gêneros. As famílias Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae e Moraceae foram as mais representativas, correspondendo juntas a 48,4%. As quatro praças surpreenderam quanto ao número de espécies, bem maior que o encontrado em vários outros estudos. Dentre as espécies encontradas 46% são nativas do Brasil enquanto 54% são exóticas, números condizentes com os resultados mais equilibrados observados em outros estudos. Portanto, a riqueza de espécies utilizadas na arborização destas praças de Jaú pode ser considerada elevada e o grande número de espécies exóticas pode trazer problemas

Plan estratégico del sector de generación de energía eléctrica peruano con enfoque de economía circular

La presente tesis propone un Planeamiento Estratégico Agregado para el Sector de Generación de Energía Eléctrica Peruano en un entorno de economía circular, que buscará lograr el aprovechamiento de las fuentes renovables (hídrica, solar, eólica, geotérmica y biomasa); siendo, para el 2025, la composición de la matriz energética de 70% en lo que respecta a las fuentes renovables. El presente plan estratégico fue elaborado en función del Modelo Secuencial del Proceso Estratégico, propuesto por D’Alessio (2012). Dicho proceso estratégico está conformado por actividades que se realizan de manera secuencial, con el objetivo de que la organización pueda proyectarse al futuro y alcanzar la visión definida; asimismo estas actividades se agrupan en tres etapas: (a) formulación, (b) implementación y (c) evaluación y control; adicionalmente, existe una etapa final que presenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones. La principal oportunidad detectada que debería aprovechar el sector es el gran potencial de crecimiento, al contar con recursos naturales como fuentes de generación de energía renovable sin explotar, y a esto se suma el crecimiento de los diversos sectores económicos que demandan mayor uso energía. Como principal amenaza que enfrentaría el sector se encuentra la posibilidad de que la desaceleración económica del país impacte en su crecimiento, por su relación directa con el PBI. Por otro lado, la estabilidad y eficiencia financiera del sector es su principal fortaleza; y la concentración geográfica de centrales de generación, se muestra como una de sus debilidades. Finalmente, una de las estrategias principales planteadas consistirá en la diversificación de fuentes de generación y la descentralización de la ubicación de las mismas.The Sector of Peruvian Power Generation produces one the fundamental services for the productive, economic and social development of the country. This sector is responsible for generating enough energy to cover the demand of electrification, reaching safely, effectively, with quality and with competitive prices to every Peruvian. This is how the sector must grow, hand in hand with the economy of the country. In Peru, the Sector of Peruvian Power Generation has a regulatory framework that promotes the competition, the investment and the use of natural resources as a source of generation. Currently, the composition of the energetic matrix of Peruvian electricity is divided mainly in hydric and thermal sources, nevertheless, Peru counts with great potential for the generation of renewable electric power which has not been leveraged despite of counting with the incentive of the regulatory framework mentioned above. The present thesis proposes an Aggregated Strategic Planning for the Sector of Peruvian Power Generation in an environment of circular economy, which will pursue to achieve the leveraging of the renewable sources (hydric, solar, wind, geothermal and biomass), being for 2015, the composition of the energetic matrix of 70% respect to the renewable sources. Working together with the government, the economic integration with the industrial sectors, state-of-the-art technology, highly qualify personnel, social responsibility will be the tools to work on to achieve the change. After being implemented, the sector will be more profitable and competitive, aiming to be nationally and internationally recognized.Tesi

Associations among MHC genes, latitude, and avian malaria infections in the rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis).

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region in jawed vertebrates that contains key genes involved in the immune response. Associations between the MHC and avian malaria infections in wild birds have been observed and mainly explored in the Northern Hemisphere, while a general lack of information remains in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated the associations between the MHC genes and infections with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus blood parasites along a latitudinal gradient in South America. We sampled 93 rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) individuals from four countries, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, and estimated MHC-I and MHC-II allele diversity. We detected between 1-4 (MHC-I) and 1-6 (MHC-II) amino acidic alleles per individual, with signs of positive selection. We obtained generalized additive mixed models to explore the associations between MHC-I and MHC-II diversity and latitude. We also explored the relationship between infection status and latitude/biome. We found a non-linear association between the MHC-II amino acidic allele diversity and latitude. Individuals from north Chile presented a lower MHC genetic diversity than those from other locations. We also found an association between deserts and xeric shrublands and a lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites. Our results support a lower MHC genetic in arid or semi-arid habitats in the region with the lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites

Adequação da assistência pré-natal em casa de parto e causas associadas com as transferências hospitalares

Objetivo: Analisar a adequação da assistência pré-natal em Casa de Parto e as causas associadas com as transferências maternas edos recém-nascidos para o hospital.Métodos: Estudo transversal dos atendimentos da única Casa de Parto, de 2009 a 2014, no Rio de Janeiro. As análises estatísticasforam pelo Teste χ2 e Razão de Prevalência (RP).Resultado: A assistência pré-natal adequada predominou (42,8%) e não houve associação (p=0,55) com as transferências. Atransferência materna é causada pela bolsa amniótica rota (RP= 2,09; IC 95% 1,62-2,70) e batimentos cardíacos fetais alterados(RP= 3,06; IC 95% 2,13-4,39). As transferências do recém-nascido estão associadas com a presença de mecônio no líquido amniótico(RP= 2,40; IC 95% 1,30 - 4,43); Apgar abaixo de 7 (RP= 5,33; IC 95% 2,65-10,73) e assistência ventilatória ao nascer (RP= 9,41;IC 95% 5,52-16,04).Conclusão: As intercorrências na assistência intraparto são as causas associadas com as transferências.Palavras-chave: Centros de assistência à gravidez e ao parto. Cuidado pré-natal. Trabalho de parto. Cuidados de enfermagem.Enfermagem obstétrica

Antioxidant compounds recovery from Juçara residue by thermal assisted extraction

This study aimed to recover bioactive compounds by solid-liquid extraction from the agro-industrial residue obtained during juçara fruits processing into pulp. A preliminary study using different solvents (methanol, ethanol and water) indicated ethanol in aqueous solution as the best solvent for antioxidants recovery. Then, a Box-Behnken design was applied considering as independent variables the solvent composition (3070% ethanol in water), temperature (3070 °C) and time (3060 min), in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on antioxidant activity in juçara extract. Results showed that the extracts with higher antioxidant activity were obtained using 30% ethanol at 70 °C for 60 min; measurements included ABTS and DPPH assays, determination of total phenolic content and total monomeric anthocyanins. Furthermore, the effect of pH in antioxidants recovery was evaluated. For this purpose, the 30% ethanol solution was acidified to pH 1 and 2 with HCl. Principal component analysis showed the formation of three distinct groups: one characterized by high bioactive compounds content (pH 1.0), another with superior antioxidant activity (pH 5.75, non-acidified), and finally the group at pH 2 presenting the worst concentrations in the evaluated responses. HPLC analysis showed the presence of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in the extracts. Therefore, the conventional solid-liquid extraction using renewable solvent can be successfully applied to recover bioactive compounds from juçara residue, which can be used by different food industries.The authors gratefully acknowledge the institutions: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal deEnsinoSuperior (CAPES), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos and University of Minho by the financial support of the research work and Juçaí Alimentos for the juçara residue. Ricardo N. Pereira gratefully acknowledge to Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) the financial grant with reference SFRH/BPD/ 81887/2011.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Emprego da seca-aeração para soja armazenada a granel na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Use of dryeration for soybean stored in bulk in the Central West region of Brazil

Durante o período de colheita, os setores de recepção das unidades armazenadoras de grãos normalmente ficam sobrecarregados de grãos com lotação máxima das moegas e silos-pulmão à espera da etapa de secagem. Isso acarreta filas extensas de caminhões com produto úmido a espera de serem descarregados. Uma solução para diminuir esse problema é a adoção da operação de seca-aeração. Esta operação consiste em retirar dos secadores grãos de 1 a 3 pontos percentuais de teor de água acima do recomendável para armazenagem e transferir para um silo, onde permanece por um período de 4 a 12 horas de descanso. Em seguida, são acionados os ventiladores para insuflar o ar ambiente, sob condições psicrométricas ideais, por um período que varia de 10 a 20 horas, com a finalidade de resfriar e retirar o excesso de água da massa de grãos até que o teor de água atinja 13%. As principais vantagens da seca-aeração têm-se a redução do consumo das energias calorífica e elétrica, aumento do fluxo de processamento e redução dos danos térmicos causado pela secagem em altas temperaturas. A falta de mão de obra qualificada que detêm conhecimentos psicrométricos e de equilíbrio higroscópico dos grãos faz com que essa técnica seja pouco utilizada no país. Sendo assim, foi levantado dados meteorológicos dos principais municípios produtores de soja da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil com o objetivo de determinar a viabilidade técnica da seca-aeração determinando o médio de horas ideias por dia para essa operação por ocasião do período da colheita. Diante dos dados essa operação é viável para região

Stroke Correlates in Chagasic and Non-Chagasic Cardiomyopathies

BACKGROUND: Aging and migration have brought changes to the epidemiology and stroke has been shown to be independently associated with Chagas disease. We studied stroke correlates in cardiomyopathy patients with focus on the chagasic etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional review of medical records of 790 patients with a cardiomyopathy. Patients with chagasic (329) and non-chagasic (461) cardiomyopathies were compared. There were 108 stroke cases, significantly more frequent in the Chagas group (17.3% versus 11.1%; p<0.01). Chagasic etiology (odds ratio [OR], 1.79), pacemaker (OR, 2.49), atrial fibrillation (OR, 3.03) and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.92) were stroke predictors in a multivariable analysis of the entire cohort. In a second step, the population was split into those with or without a Chagas-related cardiomyopathy. Univariable post-stratification stroke predictors in the Chagas cohort were pacemaker (OR, 2.73), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR, 2.58); while atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.98), age over 55 (OR, 2.92), hypertension (OR, 2.62) and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.94) did so in the non-Chagas cohort. Chagasic stroke patients presented a very high frequency of individuals without any vascular risk factors (40.4%; OR, 4.8). In a post-stratification logistic regression model, stroke remained associated with pacemaker (OR, 2.72) and coronary artery disease (OR, 2.60) in 322 chagasic patients, and with age over 55 (OR, 2.38), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.25) and hypertension (OR 2.12; p = 0.052) in 444 non-chagasic patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Chagas cardiomyopathy presented both a higher frequency of stroke and an independent association with it. There was a high frequency of strokes without any vascular risk factors in the Chagas as opposed to the non-Chagas cohort. Pacemaker rhythm and CAD were independently associated with stroke in the Chagas group while age over 55 years, hypertension and atrial fibrillation did so in the non-Chagas cardiomyopathies